Application servers: powering the web-based enterprise
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
San Diego [u.a.]
Morgan Kaufmann
2000
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 302 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 012251338X |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Preface ^
Who Should Read This Book xviii
Application Servers: The State of the Art xyjjj
The Terminology of Application Servers x,x
The Language of Application Servers xx
How the Book Is Organized xxi
Part I: Design xxi
• The World of Application Servers
• Application Servers Today
• Databases and Application Servers
• Sub Programs and Application Servers
• Components, Objects, and Application Servers
Part II: Development ^
• Developing the Interface
v
vi • Contents
• Connecting to Logic: COM, CORBA, EJB, and RMI
• Connecting to Data: ODBC andJDBC
Part III: Production xxii
• Transaction Processing and TP Monitors
• Security and Application Servers
• Small Scale Application Servers
Part IV: Maintenance xxiii
• Designing for Maintenance
• Managing Feedback
• How To Get There From Here
Appendix: Application Servers Today xxiv
Related Books xxiv
For More Information... xxiv
Acknowledgements xxv
Introduction I
A Short History of the Computer Age 2
The Origin of Application Servers 2
What Does Application Mean? 4
What Is a Web Based Enterprise? 5
Do You Need an Application Server? 5
What Do You Need to Use an Application Server? 6
Product, Methodology, or Architecture? 6
Part I. Design 7
Chapter I. The World of Application Servers 9
The Internet 10
Transfer Protocols I I
• TCP/IP
• Functional Protocols
Addressing Conventions 12
• IP Addresses
• Domain Name System
• What It Means to You
Message Formats 14
• Transfer Formats Versus Message Formats
Why This Matters
Putting It Together 15
Contents • vii
Software Architecture Today 17
Evolution of Software Design 17
Evolution of Interaction Design 19
• Dumb Terminal Systems
• Client/Server Systems
• Internet Client/Server Systems
Contemporary System Design on the Internet 23
• Beyond the Internet
Non Internet Connectivity 26
Application Hosting 26
Enterprise Computing 26
Legacy Systems 27
Legacy Systems Are Paid For 27
The Cost of Replacement Is High 28
Repair Is Faster Than Replacement 28
Bridges Can Be Built 28
Globalization 29
Summary 30
Chapter 2. Application Servers Today 33
What Application Servers Do 34
Integration with Legacy Systems and Databases 35
• The Problem
• The Challenge
• Where Application Servers Fit In
• How Else to Do It
Web Site Support 38
• The Problem
• The Challenge
• Where Application Servers Fit In
• How Else to Do It
Web Integrated System Development 40
• The Problem
• The Challenge
• Where Application Servers Fit In
• How Else to Do It
Personal Computer System Deployment 42
• The Problem
• The Challenge
• Where Application Servers Fit In
• How Else to Do It
viii • Contents
E Commerce 43
• The Problem
• The Challenge
• Where Application Servers Fit In
• How Else to Do It
Performance Management 45
• The Problem
• The Challenge
Where Application Servers Fit In
• How Else to Do It
How Application Servers Work 46
Types of Application Servers 49
Operating Systems 49
Integrated 50
Plug In 50
Standalone 50
The Application Server Marketplace 51
Application Servers and Middleware 52
Summary 52
Chapter 3. Databases and Application Servers 55
Databases: The State of the Art 56
Terminology 56
DBMSs in Use Today 57
• Databases Are Getting Bigger
• Databases Are Getting Smaller
• Data Is More Diverse Than Ever
• Data Needs to Be More Accessible
• Databases Are Merging and Communicating
• Data Warehousing
• Data Mining
• The Great Database Secrets
• Databases on the Desktop
What This Means for Application Servers 63
• Making the Impossible Happen
• Regularizing the Enterprise Information Environment
What Ever Happened to... 64
• Database Machines
• Data Dictionaries and Data Models
Non Relational Models
The Relational Model 66
Terminology 67
Contents • ix
Normalization 68
• first Normal Form: Eliminate Repeating Croups
• Second Normal Form: Eliminate Redundant Data
• Third Normal Form: Eliminate Fields Not Dependent on Key
SQL 76
Procedural Versus Declarative Programming 76
Basic SQL Syntax 78
• Select
• Cursors
• Insert
• Delete
Update
• Create
ODBC and JDBC 82
Summary 83
Chapter 4. Sub Programs and Application Servers 85
What Are Sub Programs? 86
Client and Server Sub Programs 86
Types of Sub Programs 87
Applets and Servlets 88
Helper Applications and Plug Ins 88
• File Helpers
• Protocol Helpers
Scripts 91
Why This Matters for Application Servers 91
Client Side Programming 92
Interface Enhancement 92
Data Entry Editing 92
Client Integration 93
Why This Matters 93
Server Side Programming 94
The Interfaces 94
CGI 95
ISAPI 95
NSAPI 95
The Protocols 96
HTTP 96
HTML 97
Web Servers and HTTP Servers 97
Summary 98
x • Contents
Chapter 5. Components, Objects, and Application Servers 99
Component and Object Technology History 100
Frameworks 01
Objects in Non Framework Environments 101
Components and Object Terminology 02
Classes 03
• Gasses as Objects
• Identification
Interfaces 03
Objects and Instantiations 104
How Objects Are Manipulated 104
Components Versus Objects 105
How It Happens 106
What Matters About the Architectures 107
Summary 108
Part II. Development 109
Chapter 6. Developing the Interface 111
The Key to Application Servers 112
Adding Applets and ActiveX Controls to Web Pages
on the Client 113
The Object Element 113
• IMG and APPLET Elements
OBJECT Attributes
• PARAM Elements
Objects Versus Scripts 116
Why This Matters 117
Types of Objects 117
ActiveX Controls 118
Writing ActiveX Controls 118
• Signing ActiveX Controls
• Marking ActiveX Controls
• How Signatures and Marks Are Implemented
• Why This Is Necessary
Authoring with ActiveX Controls 120
ActiveX Controls on Web Pages 120
JavaBeans and Java Applets 121
JavaBeans and Java Applets 122
Contents • xi
JavaBeans Features 122
JavaBeans Fundamentals 123
• No Base Class
• Design Environment versus Run Time Environment
• JavaBeans Run Inside Containers
• JavaBeans in a Distributed Environment
Adding Applets and ActiveX Controls to
Web Pages on the Server 124
extensible Markup Language (XML) 124
Active Server Pages and JavaServer Pages 125
Summary 126
Chapter 7. Connecting to Logic: COM, CORBA, EJB, and RMI 127
What Matters—and What Does Not Matter 128
Focus on the Business Logic 128
Lighten Up 129
Layers and Isolation 129
Why This Matters 130
COM/DCOM 130
Overview 131
ILJnknown 132
• QuerylnterfaceQ
• AddRefl)
• ReleaseQ
• Pings
H Result 134
Client Server Terminology 134
• Proxy
• Stub
• Service Control Managers
Identification 135
Creating Objects 136
CORBA 136
Overview 137
CORBA::Object 138
• getjnterface()
• duplicateQ and releaseQ
• is_nil () and non_existent()
• is_equivalentQ
Exceptions 139
xii • Contents
Client Server Terminology 39
• Stub/Proxy
• Skeleton
Identification l40
Creating Objects l40
RMI l41
RMI/JRMP l41
RMI/IIOP l41
Enterprise JavaBeans 4
Enterprise JavaBeans Services 143
Enterprise JavaBeans Roles 43
Types of Enterprise JavaBeans 144
Interfaces 45
Summary 145
Chapter 8. Connecting to Data: ODBC and JDBC 147
ODBC 148
ODBC Components 148
Types of Database Drivers 149
• One Tier Drivers
• Two Tier Drivers
• Three Tier Drivers
• Where Drivers Come From
Transactions and Concurrency 150
JDBC 150
OLEDB 151
ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) 151
What This Means for Application Servers 152
Summary 152
Part III. Production 155
Chapter 9. Transaction Processing and TP Monitors 157
Transaction Processing: An Overview 158
Transactions Are a Unified Operation 159
Transactions Are Commercial 159
Transactions Versus Analysis 159
Do You Use Transactions? 160
Contents • xiii
Terminology 160
• Atomicity
• Consistency
• Isolation
• Durability
Types of Transactions 161
• Flat Transactions
• Nested Transactions
• Chained Transactions
Who Is Responsible for Transaction Processing? 162
Operational Issues 162
• Fault Tolerance
• Concurrency and Locks
• Recovery
TP Monitors 164
Transaction Processing Standards and Architectures 165
X/Open XA and TX 166
• The DTP Model
• What It Means for Application Servers
CORBA Object Transaction Service 167
• The OTS Model
• What This Means for Application Servers
Java Transaction Service 168
• The JTS Model
• What This Means for Application Servers
Microsoft Transaction Server 169
Small Scale Transaction Monitors 169
Summary 170
Chapter 10. Security and Application Servers 173
Do You Need Security? 174
Securing the Site 174
• Sightseers
• Borrowers
• Hackers
• What to Do
Securing the Operations and Transactions 176
Security over TCP/IP 176
Physical Layer 177
• Why to Implement Security
• How to Implement Security
Data Link Layer 178
xiv • Contents
Network Layer 178
• Why to Implement Security
• How to Implement Security
Transport Layer 179
• How to Implement Security
• Why to Implement Security
Session Layer 180
Presentation Layer 180
Application Layer 180
• How to Implement Security
• Why to Implement Security
X.509 Certificates 181
Access and Directories 182
Security at the User s End 183
Security in Operations 184
Summary 184
Chapter 11. Small Scale Application Servers 185
Small Scale Application Servers as Training Tools 186
Use the Examples 186
Learn How to Test 186
Create a Usability Lab 187
• Watch for Errors
• Keep Your Hands Off the Keyboard
Prototyping with Small Scale Application Servers 188
Preparing to Scale 188
The Moral 189
Summary 189
Part IV. Maintenance 191
Chapter 12. Designing for Maintenance 193
Problems Will Occur 194
Documentation 194
Make Documentation Automatic 195
Document the Environment 195
Keep the Documentation Safe (and Secure) 195
Design for the Long Term 196
Contents • xv
Integration of Business Logic and Operations 196
How Problems Arise 197
Preventing and Solving the Maintenance Problem 197
Summary 198
Chapter 13. Managing Feedback 199
Identifying Problems 200
Setting Up the Feedback Loop 201
Acting on Feedback 201
Acting on External Matters 202
Summary 203
Chapter 14. How to Get There from Here 205
Where Are You Now? 206
Systems 206
People 207
Operations 207
What Do You Want to Do? 207
Systems 208
People 208
Operations 209
Planning for Application Servers 209
Summary 210
Appendix. Application Servers Today 21 I
How This Data Was Assembled 212
Questionnaire 213
ColdFusion Server 217
EAServer 221
Galileo Application Server 225
GemStone/J Application Server for Java 228
HAHTsite Application Server 236
INTERSTAGE 241
Oracle Application Server 245
Progress Apptivity 3.1 249
Sapphire/Web 252
SynerJ Application Server 260
WebObjects 265
xvi • Contents
WebSphere 269
WebSphere Application Server Standard Edition 270
WebSphere Application Server Advanced Edition 274
WebSphere Application Server Advanced Edition for AS/400 278
WebSphere Application Server Enterprise Edition 283
Glossary 289
Index 295
About the Author 303
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| title | Application servers powering the web-based enterprise |
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