Island epidemics:
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2000
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| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXI, 563 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0198288956 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Island epidemics |c A. D. Cliff, P. Haggett, and M. R. Smallman-Raynor |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Géographie médicale | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Épidémiologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Îles | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geografie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Disease Outbreaks | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geography | |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of Figures and Plates xiii
List of Tables xix
1. Pattern of Islands 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The Nature of Islands 3
1.3 The Nature of Epidemics 20
1.4 The Nature of Island Data Sources 30
1.5 Organization of the Book 39
2. Islands as Laboratories 41
2.1 Introduction 42
2.2 Darwin and the Galapagos Islands 43
2.3 Panum and the Faroe Islands 51
2.4 Cumpston, Gregg, and Australian Island Epidemiology 59
2.5 MacArthur, Wilson, and Island Biogeography 65
2.6 The Geneticists Approach to Islands 80
2.7 Conclusion 83
3. Island Populations: The Threshold Question 85
3.1 Introduction 85
3.2 Threshold Theory 86
3.3 Factors Affecting Critical Community Size: An Examination 96
3.4 Critical Community Size: Changes over Time 101
3.5 Conclusion 111
4. Island Populations: The Virgin Soil Question 119
4.1 Introduction 120
4.2 Epidemic Theory and Kendall Waves 123
4.3 Virgin Soil Epidemics: A Global Perspective 123
4.4 Island Populations of the Pacific 127
4.5 The 1875 Measles Epidemic in the Fijian Islands 148
4.6 Conclusion 164
5. The Changing Accessibility of Islands 165
5.1 Introduction 166
5.2 Decreasing Travel Times 167
xii Contents
5.3 Island Access by Ships: The Southwest Pacific 176
5.4 Maritime Defences and Quarantine Systems 191
5.5 Island Access by Air Transport 201
5.6 Towards a General Model 227
5.7 Conclusion 229
6. Internal Pathways of Spread 237
6.1 Introduction 238
6.2 Iceland as a Case Study 239
6.3 Internal Pathways: Impact on Spatial Patterns of Epidemics 248
6.4 Internal Pathways: Changes over Time and Impact on Epidemics 269
6.5 Cholera in the Philippine Islands, 1902 1904 274
6.6 Conclusion 287
7. Island Environments and Disease 293
7.1 Introduction 294
7.2 Island Disease Distributions 296
7.3 Island Diseases: Diversity or McDonaldization? 305
7.4 Island Environments and Seasonality 321
7.5 Seasonality, Travel, and Measles: A Pacific Perspective 333
7.6 Conclusion 341
8. Island Research: A Regional Survey 349
8.1 Introduction 350
8.2 The North Atlantic 352
8.3 The Caribbean 359
8.4 The South Atlantic 384
8.5 The North Pacific 396
8.6 The South Pacific 411
8.7 The Indian Ocean 418
8.8 Others 421
8.9 Conclusion 427
9. Island Futures 429
9.1 Introduction 429
9.2 Countervailing Forces in Island Ecology 430
9.3 Changing Role of Islands as Laboratories 437
9.4 A Continuing Role for Island Research 442
9.5 Conclusion 447
Appendices 449
References 489
Index 541
LIST OF FIGURES AND PLATES
Figures
1.1 Intensity of medical writing on islands, 1780 1988 3 5
1.2 Definitions of islands: the size and shape of the Isles of Scilly 7
1.3 Global population size relationships for islands 10
1.4 Population size relationships for islands at different geographical scales 11
1.5 World map of the island sample using a conventional map projection 16 17
1.6 World map of the island sample using a rectangular projection based upon
the ranks of island longitude and latitude 18
1.7 Population change in Iceland, 1900 1990 19
1.8 Alternate definitions of an epidemic 22
1.9 United States: annual mortality and morbidity from major infections and
parasitic diseases in the mid 1980s 27
1.10 Disease data 34
1.11 Bornholm: infections diseases, 1881 1979 36 7
1.12 Organization of the book 38
Plates
1.1 Society Islands 13
1.2 Statistical sources on island epidemic diseases 32 3
Figures
2.1 The voyage of the .Beagfe, December 1831 October 1836 45
2.2 Faunal regions in Southeast Asia and Australasia 51
2.3 The Faroe Islands: location of Panum s classic study of the 1846 measles
epidemic 55
2.4 Faroe Islands measles outbreaks, 1875 1906 60 1
2.5 Rubella (German measles) in New South Wales, Australia 64
2.6 Species abundance on islands 68
2.7 Area species relationship for flowering plants on 97 islands 69
2.8 The MacArthur Wilson model of species abundance on islands, I:
equilibrium model of biota on a single island as a function of immigration
and extinction rates of species 71
2.9 The MacArthur Wilson model of species abundance on islands, II: impact
of distance from continental reservoirs and island size upon area species
curves 74
2.10 The Mac Arthur Wilson model of species abundance on islands, 111:
impact of alternative geographical configurations on species immigration
and extinction curves 76
2.11 Lomolino s model of the composition of island biota 77
2.12 A taxon cycle model for ant species groups in Melanesia 79
2.13 Genetic mutations in the island populations of the Mediterranean basin 82
Plates
2.1 Charles Darwin s rooms at Christ s College, Cambridge 43
2.2 HMS Beagle, 1832 44
xiv List of Figures and Plates
2.3 Charles Island, part of the Galapagos Islands 46
2.4 Finches from James Island, part of the Galapagos group 48
2.5 Alfred Russel Wallace (1823 1913) 50
2.6 Peter LudwigPanum( 1820 85) 52
2.7 Title page of Panum s Observations made during the Epidemic of Measles
on the Faroe Islands in the Year 1846 53
2.8 Sir Norman McAlister Gregg (1892 1966) 63
2.9 E. O. Wilson (b. 1929) 66
2.10 MacArthur and area species relationships 72
Figures
3.1 Simplified model of an infection process 87
3.2 Bartlett s findings on city size and epidemic recurrence 89
3.3 The structure of theBartlett model 91
3.4 Relation between percentage endemicity for measles and population size
for Black s (1966) data from 19 islands, 1949 1964 94
3.5 Relation between the duration of measles epidemics (percentage
endemicity) and the dispersion of susceptible population for seven islands 98
3.6 Time changes in critical community size: Icelandic evidence for measles,
1888 1988 104
3.7 Time changes in critical community size: evidence from Iceland,
1888 1988, for six infectious diseases 106
3.8 Impact ofvaccination upon critical community size, Iceland, 1952 1987 107
3.9 Annual morbidity rates for influenza, R (reported cases per 1,000
population) in Iceland, 1913 1975 110
3.10 Percentage endemicity for measles at the global scale at three time periods
between 1923 and 1990 111
3.11 Time changes in critical community size: global evidence from 80 islands,
1923 1990, for four infectious diseases 112
3.12 Schematic relationships between the characteristics of an island population
(left), the nature of its contacts with the outside world (right), and
epidemiological behaviour (centre) 114
Plates
3.1 MauriceS. Bartlett(b. 1910) 88
3.2 E.Stanford s map of Iceland, 1860 103
Figures
4.1 Waves of disease spread 122
4.2 Disease invasion of islands, 1600 1883,1: number (bar graph) and
cumulative number (line trace) of reports of outbreaks of 13 infectious
diseases on 84 islands 126
4.3 Disease invasion of islands, 1600 1883, II: cumulative number of
outbreaks on 84 islands on a disease by disease basis 128
4.4 Disease invasion of islands, 1600 1883, by 50 year time periods 129
4.5 Islands of the Pacific Ocean 132 3
4.6 Early native colonization of islands in the Central and South Pacific 134
4.7 Main lines of European exploration and contact in the Pacific before
1800 137
4.8 Infectious diseases on Pacific islands 138
List of Figures and Plates xv
4.9 Fiji, 1875: elements of the spread of measles in the first six weeks of the
year 153
Plates
4.1 David G. Kendall (b. 1918) 121
4.2 August Hirsch (1817 94) 124
4.3 Main title page from volume i of the second German edition (1881 6) of
Hirsch s great three volume Handbook of Geographical and
Historical Pathology 125
4.4 Norma Ruth Me Arthur (1921 84) 130
4.5 Native sailing vessels, nineteenth century 135
4.6 Philips New Map of the Fiji Islands, c. 875 149
4.7 Dr William McGregor, cA876 151
4.8 HMS Dido at Portsmouth in 1871 or 1876 154
4.9 Ratu Apenisa Seru Cakobau, King of Fiji and vunivalu of Bau 155
4.10 Levuka, Ovalau 156
4.11 Letter from the Lau Islands, Fiji, to the Colonial Secretary, 1875 160 1
Figures
5.1 Number of steamships constructed annually in the United States,
1815 1885 169
5.2 Changes in the speed of sea transport 172
5.3 Changes in the speed of airtransport 173
5.4 Generalized directions ofmeasles spread in the Pacific basin since 1800 178 9
5.5 Measles epidemics in England and Australia, 1850 1920: the association
between epidemics in the two countries 184
5.6 India Fiji and indentured labour, 1879 1916,1: vessels carrying measles 189
5.7 India Fiji and indentured labour, 1879 1916, II: measles transmission 190
5.8 India Fiji and indentured labour, 1879 1916, III: sailing and steamship
routes 191
5.9 The role ofships in dispersing Spanish influenza , 1918 1919 194
5.10 Ellis Island immigration, 1892 1954 199
5.11 Airline travel and yellow fever 203
5.12 Population flux on 82 islands and island groups, 1957 1992 205
5.13 Population flux in Fiji and Iceland, 1875 190O, 206
5.14 Island air connections 207
5.15 Population flux of islands 209
5.16 Island air connections: global patterns 210 11
5.17 Airline connections between 16 islands in the Pacific and their impact
on measles epidemics, 1951 1982 213
5.18 Island air connections: principal components analysis 215
5.19 Epidemic return times for measles, 1965 1990 218
5.20 Measures of distance from Tonga to selected Pacific islands 220
5.21 Epidemic spaces: time maps 221
5.22 MDS mapping and airline accessibility of 95 islands 223
5.23 MDS epidemic spaces in Iceland, I: airline connectivity 225
5.24 MDS epidemic spaces in Iceland, II: impact of changing internal
accessibility, 1900 1990, on the experience of medical districts for selected
respiratory diseases 228
xvi List of Figures and Plates
5.25 Impact of improving island accessibility upon epidemics 230
5.26 Epidemic return times for different diseases and islands in the pre airline
(1880 1945) and airline (1946 1990) eras 231
Plates
5.1 Passenger ships on the England Australia run 170 1
5.2 Early aircraft used on the England Australia route 174 5
5.3 Clipper Elbe 187
5.4 J.H.L.Cumpston (1880 1954) 193
5.5 Australia and Spanish Influenza 196 7
5.6 Ellis Island Quarantine Station, New York City 200
Figures
6.1 The medical districts of Iceland 240
6.2 Population change in Iceland, 1900 1990 243
6.3 Epidemics of measles, German measles, and whooping cough, Iceland,
1900 1990 245
6.4 Iceland: internal epidemic corridors 246 7
6.5 Schematic model of the geographical propagation of epidemics in Iceland 248
6.6 Measles in Iceland and biproportionate scores 249
6.7 Measles in Northwest Iceland, I: evolution of the island s first measles
epidemic, 1904 250 1
6.8 Measles in Northwest Iceland, II: diffusion of the measles epidemic in
Eyri and Ogur parishes 255
6.9 Measles in Iceland 1950 1952: spread of the island s ninth measles
epidemic 257
6.10 Medical districts of Iceland reduced to graphs corresponding to various
hypothetical diffusion processes 260
6.11 Testing diffusion corridors for influenza and measles in Iceland,
1945 1970 262
6.12 Time lag maps for infectious diseases in Iceland, 1900 1990 264
6.13 Time lag relationships between German measles, measles, and whooping
cough, Iceland, 1900 1990 266
6.14 Epidemic time lag surface and airline connectivity in Iceland 267
6.15 Disease diffusion corridors in Iceland, 1900 1990: MDS mapping 268
6.16 Epidemic centroids, Iceland, 1900 1990 271
6.17 Measles trajectories in Iceland, 1900 1990 272
6.18 Characteristic case frequency distributions for Normal, high, and low
velocity epidemic waves 273
6.19 Epidemic velocity in Iceland, 1900 1990 275
6.20 The Philippine Islands: location map 277
6.21 Reported cholera morbidity and mortality, Philippine Islands, 1902 1904 279
6.22 Diffusion of Wave I of the cholera epidemic, Philippine Islands, March
1902 February 1903 281
6.23 Diffusion of Wave II of the cholera epidemic, Philippine Islands, May
1903 February 1904 284
6.24 Diffusion velocities of cholera waves in the Philippine Islands, 1902 1904 286
Plates
6.1 Dr Jonas Jonassen, 1840 1910 241
List of Figures and Plates xvii
6.2 Measles spread in Northwest Iceland, 1904 253
Figures
7.1 Global variations in number of infectious diseases 296
7.2 Variation in the number of infectious diseases recorded in island and
non island areas 298
7.3 Rare diseases and geographical location 300
7.4 Island size disease diversity relationships 303
7.5 Analysis of global incidence of infectious diseases at the scale of world
regions 314
7.6 Principal diseases characteristic of world regions 316 17
7.7 Analysis of incidence of infectious diseases for 78 islands, I: dendrogram
from polythetic divisive cluster analysis of Wilson s (1991) data on
presence/absence of 186 infectious diseases on 78 islands 318
7.8 Analysis of incidence of infectious diseases for 78 islands, II: dendrogram
obtained from monothetic divisive cluster analysis to show the main
diseases identified as discriminating among the island groupings of
Fig. 7.7 319
7.9 Multidimensional scaling of Wilson s (1991) data set on presence/absence
of 269 infectious diseases in 205 geographical areas and countries 320
7.10 Measles seasonality in Iceland, 1900 1970 324 5
7.11 Measles seasonality for 60 islands, I: classification 328 9
7.12 Measles seasonality for 60 islands, II: geographical location of islands in
the seven classes of Fig. 7.11 a 330
7.13 Correlation between measles seasonality and island temperature and
rainfall regimes 332
7.14 Measles in the Southwest Pacific 334 5
7.15 Monthly variations in measles morbidity for 16 Pacific island countries,
1946 1981 336
7.16 Measles seasonality on six Pacific island groups, 1946 1981 338
7.17 Measles seasonality and air links in the Southwest Pacific 340
Figures
8.1 Geographical distribution of medical writing on islands 351
8.2 A regional classification of islands by ocean basins 353
8.3 Island rank size distributions 354
8.4 The Caribbean islands: location map 363
8.5 The Gallo model for the origin and initial global spread of HIV 366
8.6 International prostitution and the spread of HIV infection to the
Dominican Republic 370
8.7 Diffusion of HIV/AIDS in 22 countries of the Caribbean 373
8.8 Cumulative AIDS incidence curves on an annual basis for selected
Caribbean countries, 1979 1998 375
8.9 Rate of progression of AIDS epidemics in the Caribbean, 1978 1998 378
8.10 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the global patterns
of HIV infection and AIDS 380
8.11 Pattern I/II transition epidemics in the Caribbean 381
8.12 Tristan da Cunha: population trends, 1961 1968 388
8.13 Tristan da Cunha: the housing of the community in 1968 389
xviii List of Figures and Plates
8.14 Tristan da Cunha: respiratory disease 390
8.15 Falkland Islands, South Atlantic 391
8.16 Falkland Islands: epidemic sequences, 1920 1970 392
8.17 Falkland Islands, 1937: influenza epidemic wave 393
8.18 Falkland Islands: tuberculosis morbidity and mortality 395
8.19 Guam and ALS disease, 1947 1990 399
8.20 Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific: tsutsugamushi disease 401
8.21 Japan: number of patients diagnosed with tsutsugamushi disease 403
8.22 Vector of tsutsugamushi disease 404
8.23 Japan: seasonal incidence of tsutsugamushi disease 405
8.24 Eastern Siberia and Western Alaska, winter 1899 September 1900 408 9
8.25 Diffusion of measles and influenza in Eastern Siberia and Western Alaska,
1899 1900 410
8.26 Kuru in New Guinea 413
8.27 Poliomyelitis in Malta, 1920 1964 425
Plates
8.1 Greenland 354
8.2 Cuba 359
8.3 Scanning electron microscopy of HI V infected H9 cells 360
8.4 Tristan da Cunha 385
8.5 David A. J. Tyrrell (b. 1925) 387
8.6 Japan, the North Marianas, and the Philippines 396
8.7 The East Indies (Borneo, Java, Celebes, Mindanao) 397
8.8 New Guinea, Papuan Archipelago 414
8.9 Madagascar 419
8.10 Halley Bay Scientific Station, Antarctica 422
8.11 Crete and the islands ofthe^Egean Sea 423
Figures
9.1 Island populations, GNP, and visitors per head of population, 1994 432
9.2 Measles in Greenland, 1967 440
9.3 Depopulation of Easter Island, Pacific Ocean 444
9.4 Micronesia, 1991 1994: measles outbreaks on six islands 446
LIST OF TABLES
1.1 Local scale island definitions: the ten largest Scilly islands 8
1.2 Global scale island definitions: the ten largest world islands 9
1.3 P .D. Nunn s (1994) genetic classification of islands, with examples 12
1.4 Routes of transmission of infections 23
1.5 Communicable diseases as part of the global health situation (1993
estimates) 25
1.6 Examples of emerging virus diseases 28
2.1 Galapagos islands, 1835: Darwin s classification of island flora 47
2.2 Channel islands of California: avifaunal turnover 70
2.3 Some of the limitations identified in MacArthur and Wilson s equilibrium
theory of island biogeography (ETIB) 78
2.4 Some prominent island theories and the geographical configurations of
islands for which they hold greatest relevance 79
3.1 Estimating critical community size. Black s data for estimating measles
endemicity in 19 island populations using monthly data for the period
January 1949 December 1964 92
3.2 Impact of island accessibility and population density upon estimates of
critical community size. Dummy variable approach applied to Black s
(1966) data 97
3.3 The impact of island accessibility and population dispersion on Black s
(1966) estimates of critical community size, in thousands 98
3.4 Island and island groups by WHO world regions used for revised
modelling of critical community size 100
3.5 Critical community size and disease properties: Icelandic evidence,
1888 1988 108
4.1 Pacific islands, 1790 1920: McArthur s estimates of population totals
for the five major island groups 146
4.2 Pacific islands, 1790 1920: McArthur s estimates of major epidemic
incidents by deaths 146
4.3 Pacific islands, 1790 1920: McArthur s estimates of major epidemic
incidents by mortality rate 147
4.4 Fiji, 1875: spatial variations in the estimated death rate from measles for
Methodist Church members, Lau, Windward Islands 159
4.5 Estimated death rate from measles in isolated populations 162
5.1 Number of steamships, categorized by speed and decennial period of
construction, in global service during the year to June 1901 169
5.2 Pacific rim cities and dates at which they reached the critical community
size (CCS) for measles up to 1950; the CCS is taken as 250,000 186
5.3 Influenza in Australia, 1918 1919: vessels arriving at Australian ports
during the Spanish influenza outbreak, October 1918 April 1919 195
5.4 Spanish influenza, 1918 1919: international maximum weekly death rates:
the Australian experience compared with other countries 195
xx List of Tables
5.5 Travel times by ship and air in relation to the incubation period of selected
communicable diseases, 1933 202
5.6 Putative spread of yellow fever. Travel times from regions with endemic
yellow fever in 1933 to countries with no yellow fever experience 204
5.7 Island connections by air: cross classification of islands by world region
and quartiles of the frequency distribution of scheduled direct
flights originating from 96 world islands 216
6.1 Cholera in the Philippines, 1902 1904. Summary details of infection
in epidemic Waves I and II 279
6.2 Velocity of cholera waves in the Philippines, 1902 1904, and relationships
to diffusion processes at the level of provinces 285
7.1 Global variations in infections: two way analysis of variance of
reported number of infectious diseases for the categories
(a) island/non island location and (b) 10 degree latitude bands 297
7.2 Descriptive statistics for the global distribution of 269 diseases in 205
countries and geographical areas 299
7.3 Distribution of 151 infectious diseases in 16 world regions 301
7.4 Island distribution of infectious diseases: multiple regression results 304
7.5 Leading infectious diseases in 16 world regions identified by
biproportionate analysis 307
7.6 Leading infectious diseases in islands identified by biproportionate
analysis 308 13
7.7 Island environments and seasonality of respiratory diseases: loadings for
a principal components analysis of monthly reported measles cases per
100,000 population, 1923 1990, for a global sample of 52 islands 326
7.8 Rainfall and temperature controls on measles seasonality: significant
results from a multinomial logit model applied to the island classes of
Figure 7.12 333
7.9 Differences in peak measles months on 20 Pacific islands: results of
Student s f test applied to differences in the average concordance in
months with peak measles case rates for two categories of islands:
(i) those linked by direct air flights, summer 1997; (ii) those not so
linked 341
8.1 Cumulative cases of AIDS reported in the Caribbean, 1979 1997: by
island and major island group 364
8.2 The Caribbean AIDS epidemic in global perspective: countries positioned
1 10 in a global ranking of cumulative AIDS rates (per 100,000), as
reported by June 1998 365
8.3 Some documented geographical sources of HIV infection in a selection of
Caribbean islands, 1983 1990 368
8.4 Results of stepwise multiple regression analysis to identify HIV/AIDS
diffusion processes in the Caribbean basin 372
8.5 Forecasts of the demographic and economic impact of AIDS in member
states of the Caribbean Epidemiology Centre (CAREC), ad 2010 383
8.6 Kuru in Papua New Guinea: mortality levels and rates, 1957 1970 415
9.1 Estimates of past human population sizes in millions 431
9.2 Increased incidence of medical diseases on islands during westernization 434
9.3 Immunization coverage for selected island countries 436
List of Tables xxi
9.4 Summaries of known animal extinctions on islands and continents since
cad 1600 443
9.5 Measles outbreaks in Micronesia, 1991 1994 445
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Cliff, Andrew D. Haggett, Peter 1933- Smallman-Raynor, Matthew |
| author_GND | (DE-588)119283166 (DE-588)170836835 |
| author_facet | Cliff, Andrew D. Haggett, Peter 1933- Smallman-Raynor, Matthew |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Cliff, Andrew D. |
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| discipline | Medizin Geographie |
| edition | 1. publ. |
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| id | DE-604.BV012924245 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:36:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0198288956 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008798796 |
| oclc_num | 42397384 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| physical | XXI, 563 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cliff, Andrew D. Verfasser aut Island epidemics A. D. Cliff, P. Haggett, and M. R. Smallman-Raynor 1. publ. Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2000 XXI, 563 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Géographie médicale Épidémiologie Îles Geografie Disease Outbreaks Epidemiology Geography Islands Medical geography Insel (DE-588)4128227-9 gnd rswk-swf Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 gnd rswk-swf Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd rswk-swf Insel (DE-588)4128227-9 s Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 s DE-604 Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 s Haggett, Peter 1933- Verfasser (DE-588)119283166 aut Smallman-Raynor, Matthew Verfasser (DE-588)170836835 aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008798796&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cliff, Andrew D. Haggett, Peter 1933- Smallman-Raynor, Matthew Island epidemics Géographie médicale Épidémiologie Îles Geografie Disease Outbreaks Epidemiology Geography Islands Medical geography Insel (DE-588)4128227-9 gnd Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 gnd Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4128227-9 (DE-588)4020235-5 (DE-588)4015016-1 |
| title | Island epidemics |
| title_auth | Island epidemics |
| title_exact_search | Island epidemics |
| title_full | Island epidemics A. D. Cliff, P. Haggett, and M. R. Smallman-Raynor |
| title_fullStr | Island epidemics A. D. Cliff, P. Haggett, and M. R. Smallman-Raynor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Island epidemics A. D. Cliff, P. Haggett, and M. R. Smallman-Raynor |
| title_short | Island epidemics |
| title_sort | island epidemics |
| topic | Géographie médicale Épidémiologie Îles Geografie Disease Outbreaks Epidemiology Geography Islands Medical geography Insel (DE-588)4128227-9 gnd Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 gnd Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Géographie médicale Épidémiologie Îles Geografie Disease Outbreaks Epidemiology Geography Islands Medical geography Insel Geomedizin Epidemiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008798796&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cliffandrewd islandepidemics AT haggettpeter islandepidemics AT smallmanraynormatthew islandepidemics |