Central nervous system infections:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Neurologic clinics
17,4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | IX S., S. 675 - 957 Ill., graph. Darst. |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Central nervous system infections |c Christina M. Marra guest ed. |
| 264 | 1 | |a Philadelphia [u.a.] |b Saunders |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a IX S., S. 675 - 957 |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Neurologic clinics |v 17,4 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Centraal zenuwstelsel |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Infecties |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Infections du système nerveux central | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Central Nervous System Infections | |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Infektionskrankheit |0 (DE-588)4026879-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Encephalitis |0 (DE-588)4152132-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CB4TRALNERVOUS SYSTEM INH5C4WJNS * ¦ ¦ •
CONTENTS
Preface ix
Christina M. Marra
Cerebrospinal Fluid Testing for the Diagnosis of Central
Nervous System Infection 675
Joseph R. Zunt and Christina M. Marra
The central nervous system (CNS) is susceptible to bacterial, viral,
and fungal infections, and prion diseases. Examination of the ce¬
rebrospinal fluid (CSF) is crucial in diagnosing these infections.
Cerebrospinal tests may directly identify an organism and its nu¬
cleic acid and surface constituents by culture, polymerase chain
reaction (PCR), or antigen detection. Alternatively, antibody to an
organism may be identified in CSF by enzyme linked immunosor
bent assay (ELISA), Western blot, or complement fixation assay.
This article discusses how these CSF tests are performed and ad¬
dresses the sensitivity and specificity of such tests for the diagnosis
of selected CNS infections.
Overview of Acute and Chronic Meningitis 691
P. K. Coyle
Meningitis can be subdivided based on time course of onset and
duration, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profile, and underlying origins
into acute aseptic and septic meningitis, recurrent meningitis, and
chronic meningitis. These are distinct syndromes that require dif¬
ferent management strategies. Most cases of meningitis are caused
by infection. The causal agent is generally predictable based on the
type of meningitis, host factors, and clues from the history and
examination. CSF examination remains the critical diagnostic test.
Bacterial Meningitis 711
David H. Spach and Lisa A. Jackson
In recent years, investigators have made significant advances in
understanding the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis, particu
NBUHf £K3C£I2NIES • *? • ¦ ¦ ¦»..
VOLUME 17 NUMBER 4 NOVEMBER 1999 V
larly with regard to understanding the cascade of biologic events
that cause excessive inflammation within the central nervous sys¬
tem (CNS). Nevertheless, the most important event in the field of
bacterial meningitis in the past decade is the dramatic decline in
the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children as a
result of the widespread use of the conjugated H. influenzae type b
vaccine. Currently, the most important clinical challenge in this
field is the emergence of the drug resistant Streptococcus pneumon
iae. This problem has significantly complicated initial management
of patients with suspected bacterial meningitis. Preliminary data
show promise with new conjugated S. pneumoniae vaccines.
Central Nervous System Tuberculosis 737
Juan C. Garcia Monco
Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, particularly meningitis, is the most severe form of tu¬
berculous infection. Parenchymal CNS involvement can occur in
the form of tuberculoma or, more rarely, abscess. Although surgery
was initially advocated as the mainstay of therapy, more recent
evidence suggests that parenchymal forms of CNS tuberculosis can
be cured with medical treatment alone. Also, damage of the spinal
cord, roots, and spine can occur in the form of spinal meningitis,
radiculomyelitis, spondylitis, or spinal cord infarction.
Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System 761
Larry E. Davis
This review discusses a practical approach to the patient with pos¬
sible fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Diffi¬
culties in establishing the diagnosis come from the nonspecific
clinical syndromes (subacute meningitis, meningoencephalitis,and
brain abscess) and the low isolation rate of fungi from cerebrospi
nal fluid (CSF). Helpful diagnostic clues often come from knowl¬
edge of the patient s geographic travels, risk factors, evidence of
systemic organ infection, and fungal serologic tests. Standard and
new antifungal agents are evaluated and the initial and suppres
sive drug management of the common fungal infections is pre¬
sented.
Spirochetal Infection of the Nervous System 783
Lydia B. Estanislao and Andrew R. Pachner
Neurologic infection is a characteristic feature of spirochetes. The
neurologic manifestations of spirochetal infection are a source of
continuing public concern: Lyme neuroborreliosis in endemic ar¬
eas, neurosyphilis in HIV infected patients, and neuroborreliosis
during outbreaks of relapsing fever. These are reviewed in this
article. The techniques for diagnosis and recommendations in the
management of these infections are also discussed.
vi contents
Central Nervous System Involvement in Rickettsial Diseases 801
Thomas P. Bleck
The Rickettsia are obligate intracellular parasites that are usually
spread to humans by insects and typically produce vasculitides.
The prototypic rickettsial disorder in the United States is Rocky
Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). The differential diagnosis of
RMSF and related disorders includes other conditions that produce
vasculitis, most importantly meningococcemia. The rickettsial dis¬
orders are usually treated effectively with tetracycline derivatives.
Encephalitis 813
Karen L. Roos
Encephalitis is an acute infection of brain parenchyma character¬
ized clinically by fever, headache, and an altered level of conscious¬
ness. There may also be focal or multifocal neurologic deficits,
and focal or generalized seizure activity. This article discusses the
clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of herpes simplex
virus (HSV) encephalitis, the arthropodborne viral encephalidities,
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, viral encephalitis in the immuno
compromised patient, and postinfectious encephalomyelitis.
Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, New Variant Creutzfeldt Jakob
Disease, and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy 835
Conrad C. Weihl and Raymond P. Roos
Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (CJD) is a subacute spongiform enceph¬
alopathy (SSE) that is manifested by a variety of neurologic signs
that usually include dementia, myoclonus, and an abnormal elec¬
troencephalogram (EEG). In 1996, a new variant of CJD (nvCJD)
with a somewhat distinctive clinical presentation and neuropa
thology was reported in adolescents and young adults, a cohort of
patients not normally affected with CJD. The appearance of nvCJD
coincided temporally and geographically with the emergence of an
SSE in cattle known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE),
or mad cow disease. This article discusses the clinical syndrome,
pathology, and pathogenesis of classical CJD, nvCJD, and other
human SSEs, as well as the link between BSE and nvCJD.
AIDS Dementia Complex 861
Bruce James Brew
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is often compli¬
cated by the development of AIDS dementia complex (ADC). This
article examines the typical and atypical presentations of ADC,
along with aspects of the prevalence and natural history of the
disorder. Salient aspects of the neuropathology, neurovirology,
neuroimmunology, and pathogenesis are also considered. The in¬
tricacies of management of ADC, especially in the era of highly
contents vii
active antiretroviral therapy, are fully evaluated. Finally, this in¬
formation is synthesized into an approach to the diagnosis of ADC
in a particular patient.
The Penetration of Anti inf ectives into the Central
Nervous System 883
Brian P. Kearney and Francesca T. Aweeka
The blood brain barrier, blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier,
and meninges are a complex and dif ficult to study system charged
with protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from toxins, in¬
cluding drugs. Current estimates of CNS drug exposure are limited
to CSF to blood ratios, of which area under the curve (AUC) esti¬
mates provide the most robust measure of drug exposure. Different
classes of drugs and individual drugs within classes have different
CNS penetration potential that is dependent upon a variety of bi¬
ologic and pharmacologic factors. Clinical data (AUC and point
ratios) regarding the penetration of several anti infective agents
used for the treatment of CNS infections are provided in this article.
Disorders that Mimic Central Nervous System Infections 901
Joy A. De Marcaida and Louis Reik, Jr
Many noninfectious diseases can cause signs, symptoms, and ce
rebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities simulating central nervous
system (CNS) infection. Infection usually can be excluded in these
cases by the judicious use of serologic tests and CSF stains and
cultures. Then, the correct diagnosis is typically suggested by the
history and the concomitant presence of clinical and laboratory evi¬
dence of disease in other organ systems. Occasionally, particularly
when such evidence is absent, the distinction requires meningeal
or brain biopsy.
Cumulative Index 1999 943
Subscription Information Inside back cover
viii contents
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| spelling | Central nervous system infections Christina M. Marra guest ed. Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 1999 IX S., S. 675 - 957 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Neurologic clinics 17,4 Centraal zenuwstelsel gtt Infecties gtt Infections du système nerveux central Central Nervous System Infections Hirnhautentzündung (DE-588)4159934-2 gnd rswk-swf Zentralnervensystem (DE-588)4067637-7 gnd rswk-swf Infektionskrankheit (DE-588)4026879-2 gnd rswk-swf Encephalitis (DE-588)4152132-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Zentralnervensystem (DE-588)4067637-7 s Infektionskrankheit (DE-588)4026879-2 s DE-604 Encephalitis (DE-588)4152132-8 s Hirnhautentzündung (DE-588)4159934-2 s Marra, Christina M. Sonstige oth Neurologic clinics 17,4 (DE-604)BV000003008 17,4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008770467&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Central nervous system infections Neurologic clinics Centraal zenuwstelsel gtt Infecties gtt Infections du système nerveux central Central Nervous System Infections Hirnhautentzündung (DE-588)4159934-2 gnd Zentralnervensystem (DE-588)4067637-7 gnd Infektionskrankheit (DE-588)4026879-2 gnd Encephalitis (DE-588)4152132-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4159934-2 (DE-588)4067637-7 (DE-588)4026879-2 (DE-588)4152132-8 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Central nervous system infections |
| title_auth | Central nervous system infections |
| title_exact_search | Central nervous system infections |
| title_full | Central nervous system infections Christina M. Marra guest ed. |
| title_fullStr | Central nervous system infections Christina M. Marra guest ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Central nervous system infections Christina M. Marra guest ed. |
| title_short | Central nervous system infections |
| title_sort | central nervous system infections |
| topic | Centraal zenuwstelsel gtt Infecties gtt Infections du système nerveux central Central Nervous System Infections Hirnhautentzündung (DE-588)4159934-2 gnd Zentralnervensystem (DE-588)4067637-7 gnd Infektionskrankheit (DE-588)4026879-2 gnd Encephalitis (DE-588)4152132-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Centraal zenuwstelsel Infecties Infections du système nerveux central Central Nervous System Infections Hirnhautentzündung Zentralnervensystem Infektionskrankheit Encephalitis Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008770467&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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