Desert arthropods: life history variations ; with 22 tables
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2000
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Adaptations of desert organisms
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 185 - 219 |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 230 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540660410 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804127565268385792 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | E B Peterson, N M Peterson,
G F Weetman, and P J Martin
Ecology and Management
of Sitka Spruce,
Emphasizing Its Natural Range
in British Columbia
UBCPress /Vancouver
Contents
Acknowledgments / xi
1 Introduction / 3
Sitka Spruce Supply in Its Natural Range / 11
Approach Used to Assemble and Select Information
for This Book/13
2 Biology and Ecology of Naturally Occurring Sitka Spruce / 14
Nomenclature and Taxonomy / 14
History of Sitka Spruce Nomenclature / 14
Taxonomy of Sitka Spruce in Relation to Other
British Columbia Spruces / 16
Natural Variation of Sitka Spruce / 21
Sitka Spruce Tree Morphology / 24
Roots / 24
Stems, Bark, and Stem Epiphytes / 26
Needles, Twigs, and Branches / 27
Crowns /29
Cones/31
Seeds/33
Maximum Dimensions of Mature Trees / 33
Geographic Distribution and Ecological Characteristics of Ecosystems
Supporting Sitka Spruce / 37
Latitudinal and Altitudinal Distribution of Sitka Spruce / 40
An Overview of Sitka Spruce and Sitka Spruce-Western Hemlock
Forest Types in Coastal British Columbia / 43
vi Contents
An Example of a Typical Mature Sitka Spruce Ecosystem / 45
Sitka Spruce in Sparsely Treed Wetland Ecosystems / 47
Summary of Biogeoclimatic Zones, Subzones, Variants, and Site Series
Where Sitka Spruce Occurs in British Columbia / 51
Biogeoclimatic Units Where Sitka Spruce Hybrids Occur / 61
Biogeoclimatic Units Where Sitka Spruce Is Uncommon or Rare / (
An Example of a Typical Ecosystem Where Sitka Spruce Occurs in
Oregon and Washington / 65
Sitka Spruce s Tree Associates and Successional Sequences / 66
Succession on Alluvial Ecosystems in British Columbia / 68
Succession Involving Sitka Spruce on Landslides
in British Columbia / 69
Successional Sequences in Washington and Oregon / 75
Succession on Coastal Dunes / 77
Succession in Coastal Marshlands I 77
Shade Tolerance and Light Relationships / 78
Regeneration / 79
Regeneration after Clearcutting / 80
Regeneration Dynamics in Relation to Age Structure
of Sitka Spruce Stands / 81
Growth and Productivity / 82
Early Growth and Comparisons with Other Species / 84
Root Production and Structure / 88
Nutrient Relationships and Comparisons with Other Species / 89
Mycorrhizal Relationships / 92
Soil and Soil-Water Relationships / 95
Drought Tolerance / 96
Response to Flooding / 97
Physical and Chemical Damaging Agents / 101
Wind Influences and Blowdown/Mass-Wasting Relationships /102
Frost Tolerance / 107
Response to Herbicides, Salt, and Airborne Pollutants / 108
Fire/111
Contents vii
Insects and Diseases / 113
Insects/116
White Pine Weevil Damage / 120
White Pine Weevil Control / 124
Other Insects Associated with Sitka Spruce / 125
Diseases /127
Cone Diseases /127
Seed Diseases /128
Nursery Diseases /128
Root Diseases of Young Sitka Spruce Stands / 130
Stem Rusts /134
Stem Decay / 135
Dwarf Mistletoe /135
Some Fish, Mammalian, and Bird Habitat Features of
Sitka Spruce Ecosystems / 136
Fish Relationships /137
Mammal Relationships /139
Bird Relationships / 143
3 Management of Sitka Spruce / 147
Silvicultural Steps to Encourage Natural Regeneration / 149
Control of the Main Competing Species / 151
Steps for Plantation Establishment / 152
Stock Selection /152
Propagation and Nursery Practices / 155
Site Diagnosis for Selection of Sitka Spruce as a
Reforestation Species /164
Site Preparation /164
Planting Requirements, Spacing, and Early Care of Plantations / 167
An Overview of British Experience in Sitka Spruce Plantation
Establishment/170
Stand-Level Treatments to Improve Timber Yield and Quality / 172
Tree Improvement /175
Use of Silviculture Systems to Obtain Natural Regeneration / 177
viii Contents
Successful Basic Silviculture / 184
Fertilization / 185
Pre-Commercial Thinning /189
Density Control/191
Pruning / 203
Crop Planning / 205
Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification and Crop Planning / 207
Growth and Yield Forecasts / 207
Estimating Site Quality / 208
Site Index and Height Growth in Sitka Spruce / 208
Alternative Ways to Estimate Site Index / 217
Years to Breast Height / 219
Predicting Regeneration / 219
Desirable Regeneration Densities Based on Plantation
Trial Results / 219
MacMillan Bloedel Ltd Regeneration Model / 220
Density Management / 221
Other Recent Analyses of Stand Density/Growth Relations
in Sitka Spruce / 222
Stand Density in Relation to Growth and Yield Prediction Models / 223
Prediction of Tree Volume / 223
Growth and Yield Prediction Models for Sitka Spruce / 224
PROGNOSIS / 224
Tree and Stand Simulator (TASS) and WinTIPSY / 224
Variable Density Yield Prediction (VDYP) / 226
Stand Projection System (SPS) / 227
XENO / 227
Growth and Yield Data / 228
Temporary Sample Plots / 228
Permanent Sample Plots / 228
Stem Analysis Data / 229
Overview of Sitka Spruce Growth and Yield Prediction
and Crop Planning / 230
Contents ix
Management to Minimize Losses to Insects and Disease / 232
Protection of Old-Growth Sitka Spruce in British Columbia / 237
Management of Sitka Spruce Ecosystems for Fish, Wildlife,
Recreation, and Water-Related Uses / 245
Fish and Wildlife Considerations in Sitka Spruce Ecosystems / 245
Water-Related Roles of Sitka Spruce Ecosystems / 251
4 Sitka Spruce in British Columbia s Future / 255
Future Silviculture of Sitka Spruce in Its Natural Range / 257
Biodiversity Values of Ecosystems Where Sitka Spruce
Is Prominent / 262
Sitka Spruce as Part of Integrated Resource Management / 267
Sitka Spruce in Sustainable Forest Management / 269
Appendices
1 Sample page of Sitka spruce managed-stand yields and mean annual
increments based on a 1994 version of TIPSY (Version 212 Gamma), for
an assumed site index of 24 m at breast-height age 50 and an assumed
stand density of 500 trees per hectare / 272
2 Sample page of Sitka spruce stand volume and diameter table (close
utilization less decay volume), based on VDYP Version Prod 4 5, for an
assumed site index of 24 m at breast-height age 50 and for crown closure
of 25%/274
3 Scientific and common names of plant and animal species mentioned in
the text / 276
4 Abbreviations used for tree species and for biogeoclimatic zones,
subzones, and variants / 280
Literature Cited / 282
Index / 319
Index of Biogeoclimatic Zones / 335
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:35:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540660410 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008766853 |
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| physical | XIII, 230 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Adaptations of desert organisms |
| spelling | Punzo, Fred 1945- Verfasser (DE-588)121234843 aut Desert arthropods life history variations ; with 22 tables Fred Punzo Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2000 XIII, 230 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Adaptations of desert organisms Literaturverz. S. 185 - 219 Gliederfüßer (DE-588)4021279-8 gnd rswk-swf Wüstentiere (DE-588)4190313-4 gnd rswk-swf Anpassung (DE-588)4128128-7 gnd rswk-swf Gliederfüßer (DE-588)4021279-8 s Wüstentiere (DE-588)4190313-4 s Anpassung (DE-588)4128128-7 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008766853&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Punzo, Fred 1945- Desert arthropods life history variations ; with 22 tables Gliederfüßer (DE-588)4021279-8 gnd Wüstentiere (DE-588)4190313-4 gnd Anpassung (DE-588)4128128-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4021279-8 (DE-588)4190313-4 (DE-588)4128128-7 |
| title | Desert arthropods life history variations ; with 22 tables |
| title_auth | Desert arthropods life history variations ; with 22 tables |
| title_exact_search | Desert arthropods life history variations ; with 22 tables |
| title_full | Desert arthropods life history variations ; with 22 tables Fred Punzo |
| title_fullStr | Desert arthropods life history variations ; with 22 tables Fred Punzo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Desert arthropods life history variations ; with 22 tables Fred Punzo |
| title_short | Desert arthropods |
| title_sort | desert arthropods life history variations with 22 tables |
| title_sub | life history variations ; with 22 tables |
| topic | Gliederfüßer (DE-588)4021279-8 gnd Wüstentiere (DE-588)4190313-4 gnd Anpassung (DE-588)4128128-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gliederfüßer Wüstentiere Anpassung |
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