Infections in urology:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | The urologic clinics of North America
26,4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X S., S. 677 - 869 Ill., graph. Darst. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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INFECTIONS IN UROLOGY
CONTENTS
Preface xiii
Culley C. Carson III
Host Defense Mechanisms in Urinary Tract Infections 677
Durwood E. Neal, Jr
The host response to urinary tract infections is directed against both
bacterial surface antigens, as well as bacterial products. The local response
is perhaps the most important, with prevention of binding and tissue
invasion as the hallmarks. Once an infection is established, the humoral
immune system is most active in curtailing the damage and clearing the
infecting organism. The prostate has a specialized complex of defenses
that serves to reduce the incidence of infections in males.
Gram Negative Bacterial Sepsis and the Sepsis Syndrome 687
Victor Lazaron and Roderick A. Barke
This article presents the etiology, molecular/cellular pathophysiology, and
presentation of sepsis syndrome. It includes a brief discussion of the
biologic variation in sepsis. Why do some patients develop sepsis and
others not in seemingly identical circumstances? Advances in the treatment
of sepsis are presented.
Fungal Infections of the Genitourinary System: Manifestations,
Diagnosis, and Treatment 701
Gilbert J. Wise, Giridhar S. Talluri, and Venkata K. Marella
There is an increasing pool of immunocompromised patients who are at
an increased risk to fungi infections, which now cause 8% of nosocomial
infections. Premature infants and elderly, transplant, and HIV patients are
prime candidates for invasive fungal infections. The genitourinary system
can be a source or target of disseminated fungal infection. Although
candidal species are the most frequent pathogen, other species such as
aspergila, cryptoccoccus have become major pathogens. "Environmental
fungi," which include blastomyces, coccidioides and histoplasma, have
become more aggressive in the vulnerable patient.
UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
VOLUME 26 • NUMBER 4 • NOVEMBER 1999 vii
Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Urinary Tract
Infections 719
Kelly A. Lindert and Linda M. Dairiki Shortliffe
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are relatively common in children. We
describe the evaluation and management of children with UTIs, as well as
the risks and consequences related to the UTI. This article describes a
rational approach to the evaluation and management of childhood UTIs
with the relation to the natural history and risk factors.
Management of Lower Urinary Tract Infections and Cystitis 729
Rodney U. Anderson
It is possible to understand the pathophysiology, diagnostic laboratory
methodology, and appropriate medical and surgical management of uri¬
nary tract infections in today's modern medical world. The foundation of
success lies within an appropriate determination of the presence of mitigat¬
ing complications, careful documentation of invading organisms, and judi¬
cious selection and administration of modern antimicrobial agents. Virtu¬
ally all urinary tract infections begin in the lower system through bacterial
exposure and adherence phenomena, creating simple uncomplicated infec¬
tions in otherwise healthy hosts and serious complicated infections in
others. Not all bacteriuria should be treated, and not all infections should
be treated equally; knowing the difference is the secret.
Prostatitis: Evolving Management Strategies 737
J. Curtis Nickel
The clinical management of prostatitis is changing. Advances in our under¬
standing of the epidemiology and etiology, as well as new diagnostic
approaches, improved definition, classification, and outcome measures
have driven this evolution in treatment of this enigmatic disease or syn¬
drome. As we enter the new millennium, physicians who treat prostatitis
patients can exploit the new concepts and developments described in this
article in order to improve their personal management strategies.
Management of Pyelonephritis and Upper Urinary Tract
Infections 753
James A. Roberts
The pathophysiology of acute and chronic pyelonephritis is described.
This is the basis for the emphasis on rapid and effective eradication of the
bacteria causing the disease. When radiologic evaluation is needed is
discussed, as well as outpatient versus inpatient therapy. The bacteria
causing the disease is usually Escherichia coli, but other organisms are
common in complicated diseases due to disorders such as stone, diabetes
mellitus, and immunosuppresion. Fungal disease and renal tuberculosis
are also considered as less common causes of upper tract infections.
Nonsurgical Management of Infection Related Renal Calculi 765
Bradley F. Schwartz and Marshall L. Stoller
Struvite calculi can be a debilitating affliction for which the cure is mainly
surgical. If left untreated, infection related calculi can cause failure to
thrive, anemia, chronic renal insufficiency, renal failure and death. There
has been much research aimed at non surgical intervention and prevention
of these calculi especially in this "non invasive" era. The historic and
current non surgical treatment modalities of struvite calculi are discussed.
viii CONTENTS
Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy 779
AnnaMarie Connolly and John M. Thorp, Jr
A prevalence of 5% 10% during pregnancy, asymptomatic bacteriuria
(ASB) is associated with the development of symptomatic infection, includ¬
ing pyelonephritis, in 25% 30% of cases. This is a three to four fold
increase in the progression rate as seen in non pregnant women. Obstetric
complications, including preterm labor and low birth weight, have also
been associated with bacteriuria during pregnancy. With the identification
and eradication of ASB in pregnant women, it can decrease the likelihood
of pyelonephritis and prevent preterm labor. Pregnant women should
be systematically screened for ASM and appropriately treated. Multiple
screening tests are available though urine cultures. Reliance on symptoms
to prompt screening is inadequate as pregnancy itself provokes frequency
and nocturia. An overview of the physiologic changes of the urinary tract
associated with pregnancy; the significance of bacteriuria in pregnancy;
the screening mechanisms available for bacteriuria; and the range of uri¬
nary tract infections associated with pregnancy and their treatments are
presented.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Spinal Cord Patients and the
Elderly 789
Gregor Reid and Lindsay E. Nicolle
This review focuses on urinary tract colonization and infection in elderly
and spinal cord injured patients. While the two populations will be dis¬
cussed separately, there is a commonality that both populations can have
neurogenic bladder disease, post void residuals, and be exposed to multi
drug resistant pathogens in an institutional setting. Furthermore, both
groups include patients who require catheterization. Improvements are
required in the diagnosis of infection, and alternative management ap¬
proaches to antibiotics and antiseptics are urgently needed.
HPV in the Male Patient 797
Peter A. Pinto and Brett C. Mellinger
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA containing virus associated with
a wide variety of clinical and subclinical diseases. These HPV lesions may
resolve spontaneously or progress to benign (condyloma acuminata) or
malignant (genital carcinoma) neoplasms. The incidence of HPV genital
infection has risen dramatically over the past 30 years, and it is now the
most common viral sexually transmitted disease. Many therapeutic options
are available to the urologist with new treatments currently being investi¬
gated. The history, etiology, pathogenesis, carcinogenesis, and guidelines
for evaluation and management are discussed.
Strategies of Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults 809
Shaker Itani and John A. Bartlett
Recent progress in antiretroviral treatment has led to dramatic improve¬
ments in HIV related morbidity and mortality. These improvements have
been fostered by advances in our understanding of HIV related pathogene¬
sis, the use of plasma HIV RNA levels to monitor patients, and the
availability of 13 licensed antiretroviral drugs. Numerous drug combina¬
tions, especially those containing three or more agents, can suppress
plasma HIV RNA levels below the lower limit of detection in the majority
of treated patients. Urologists should be familiar with the limitations of
this therapeutic response: patient adherence, drug resistance, a residual
burden of chronically infected cells which are refractory to treatment, an
CONTENTS ix
unknown impact on HIV in genital secretions, and potential transmissibil
ity through sexual contact.
Hospital Acquired Urinary Tract Infections Associated with the
Indwelling Catheter 821
John Sedor and S. Grant Mulholland
The usage of the indwelling urinary catheter, a common and essential
procedure, is responsible for an overwhelming majority of nosocomial
infections. Bacteria invade the lower urinary tract by ascending through
or around the catheter. Morbidity associated with catheter related urinary
tract infection can be minimized by prudent decisions concerning catheter
usage and good catheter care. While alternatives to the indwelling catheter
are limited, much current research is focused on improving current cathe¬
ter technology.
Management of Prosthesis Infections in Urologic Surgery 829
Culley C. Carson, III
Prosthetic devices are a cornerstone of urologic surgical care. The most
disastrous complication of these surgical procedures is infection. The pre¬
vention, identification, and management of infections are critical to main¬
taining functional urologic prosthetic devices. Although the incidence is
low, rapid identification of infections once they occur and proper manage¬
ment with antibiotics, surgical intervention, irrigation, and salvage proce¬
dures can maintain the function of urologic prosthetic devices despite
clinical infection.
Fournier's Disease 841
Ralph Vick and Culley C. Carson, III
Fournier's gangrene is one of the most disastrous urologic infections
treated by clinical urologists. The rapid progression of this superficial
infectious process frequently is associated with underlying conditions of
immune compromise in medically complex patients. Despite current surgi¬
cal techniques and modern aggressive antibiotic treatment, the mortality
rate for Fournier's gangrene continues to be high. Only by early identifica¬
tion and aggressive management can these complex patients be salvaged
effectively. Aggressive surgical intervention along with targeted broad
spectrum antibiotic treatment will maximize the number of patients who
survive this dreaded infection.
Cumulative Index 1999 851
Subcription Information Inside back cover
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| spelling | Infections in urology Culley C. Carson, guest ed. Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 1999 X S., S. 677 - 869 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The urologic clinics of North America 26,4 Urogenitalsystem (DE-588)4132474-2 gnd rswk-swf Infektion (DE-588)4161650-9 gnd rswk-swf Harnwegsinfektion (DE-588)4023498-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Urogenitalsystem (DE-588)4132474-2 s Infektion (DE-588)4161650-9 s DE-604 Harnwegsinfektion (DE-588)4023498-8 s Carson, Culley C. Sonstige (DE-588)133049868 oth The urologic clinics of North America 26,4 (DE-604)BV000001584 26,4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008749034&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Infections in urology The urologic clinics of North America Urogenitalsystem (DE-588)4132474-2 gnd Infektion (DE-588)4161650-9 gnd Harnwegsinfektion (DE-588)4023498-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4132474-2 (DE-588)4161650-9 (DE-588)4023498-8 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Infections in urology |
| title_auth | Infections in urology |
| title_exact_search | Infections in urology |
| title_full | Infections in urology Culley C. Carson, guest ed. |
| title_fullStr | Infections in urology Culley C. Carson, guest ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infections in urology Culley C. Carson, guest ed. |
| title_short | Infections in urology |
| title_sort | infections in urology |
| topic | Urogenitalsystem (DE-588)4132474-2 gnd Infektion (DE-588)4161650-9 gnd Harnwegsinfektion (DE-588)4023498-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Urogenitalsystem Infektion Harnwegsinfektion Aufsatzsammlung |
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