Neuro-ophthalmology for neurosurgeons:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Neurosurgery clinics of North America
10,4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, S. 541 - 803 zahlr. Ill. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Neuro-ophthalmology for neurosurgeons |c Nancy J. Newman, guest ed. |
| 264 | 1 | |a Philadelphia [u.a.] |b Saunders |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, S. 541 - 803 |b zahlr. Ill. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Neurosurgery clinics of North America |v 10,4 | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Oeil, maladie - Diagnostique | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Pression intracrânienne | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Sytème nerveux, maladies | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Eye Diseases |x diagnosis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Eye Manifestations | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nervous System Diseases |x diagnosis | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | NEURO OPHTHALMOLOGY FOR NEUROSURGEONS
CONTENTS
Preface xiii
Nancy J. Newman, MD
Color Plates xv
Anatomic Review and Topographic Diagnosis 541
Laura J. Baker
Neuro ophthalmologic disorders affecting the afferent and efferent visual
systems are frequently encountered by neurosurgeons in clinical practice.
This article focuses on aspects of neuroanatomy that are most important to
the diagnosis of afferent and efferent visual pathway lesions. The use of
optic disc and fundus appearance, visual fields, and ocular motility and
pupillary findings are emphasized in the discussions of topographic diag¬
nosis.
The Neuro Ophthalmologic Examination 563
Steven L. Galetta
Neurosurgical practice requires a solid foundation in the principles and
interpretation of the neuro ophthalmologic examination. In this article, the
techniques used in the neuro ophthalmologic examination to assess visual
acuity, ocular motility, visual fields, the pupils, the eyelids, and the fundus
are reviewed. An emphasis is placed on those techniques most relevant to
neurosurgical practice.
Coma 579
Grant T. Liu
Comatose patients are unresponsive to all external stimuli, noxious or other¬
wise. Neuro ophthalmic techniques are paramount in the neurologic assess¬
ment of comatose patients, especially with regard to brain stem localization
and diagnosis. Examination of the pupils, fundi, and corneal reflexes are
all helpful; however, the ocular motility examination is especially important
because the pathways governing ocular motility traverse the entire brain
NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
VOLUME 10 • NUMBER 4 • OCTOBER 1999 yJJ
stem, so pathology in this region often produces recognizable eye movement
abnormalities. Conversely, if the eye movements are all normal, it is likely
that the entire brain stem is normal. This article details the pupillary, eye
movement, and funduscopic abnormalities in coma.
Neuro Ophthalmic Complications of Raised Intracranial Pressure,
Hydrocephalus, and Shunt Malfunction 587
Stella Y. Chou and Kathleen B. Digre
This article provides an overview of the neuro ophthalmic complications
of increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, and shunt malfunction.
The complications are discussed in detail, which include: visual loss, visual
field defects, pupillary abnormalities, abnormal optic nerve appearance,
disturbances in ocular motility, and abnormal extraocular appearance. A
practical guide of neuro ophthalmic evaluations for patients with increased
intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, or shunting is also presented with
useful tables and figures. Furthermore, treatment of these complications is
explained, including local or topical management, medical treatment, and
surgical interventions. It is a useful reference designed to provide neurosur
geons with important signs and symptoms of neuro ophthalmic complica¬
tions, and thus to facilitate early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of
visual loss in patients with increased intracranial pressure and hydro¬
cephalus.
Pseudotumor Cerebri 609
Deborah I. Friedman
Pseudotumor cerebri is an unusual syndrome of increased intracranial pres¬
sure without a space occupying mass. Many associations are known, but
the pathogenesis remains a mystery. The diagnosis and treatment of pseudo¬
tumor cerebri are often challenging. Because it is not rare, neurosurgeons,
neurologists, and ophthalmologists frequently work in concert to manage
these patients. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria and differential
diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri. The medical and surgical treatments
currently employed in this disorder are discussed.
Neuro Ophthalmologic Diagnosis and Therapy of Central
Nervous System Trauma 623
Leonard A. Levin
Careful examination and judicious use of neuroimaging will lead to the
initiation of appropriate management for injuries of the afferent and effer¬
ent visual systems. This article concentrates on those aspects of neuro
ophthalmologic trauma that are most relevant to the neurosurgeon, particu¬
larly those disorders that are commonly faced when caring for acutely
injured patients. Although direct injury to the orbit and globes can easily
result in neuro ophthalmologic disorders, it is less appreciated that distant
head injury can similarly result in injury to the rctrobulbar afferent visual
pathways or cranial nerves. It is therefore necessary that the neurosurgeon be
suspicious of both latent and manifest injuries to the neuro ophthalmologic
system after head trauma, and maintain awareness of the need for timely
intervention in a subset of these disorders. Therefore, even patients with
injuries removed from the eyes should be checked for visual problems, and,
if any are detected, an ophthalmologist or neuro ophthalmologist should
be consulted.
Viii CONTENTS
Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 631
Valerie Biousse and Nancy J. Newman
Most unruptured intracranial aneurysms that produce neuro ophthalmo
logic signs arise from the junction of the internal carotid and posterior
communicating arteries. These aneurysms typically compress the third
nerve in the subarachnoid space. Compression of the cranial nerves within
the cavernous sinus is less common, resulting in single or multiple, and
often painful, ocular motor nerve pareses. Unruptured aneurysms of the
proximal and distal segments of the intracranial portion of the internal
carotid artery can compress the anterior visual pathways and cause visual
loss. Ocular symptoms and signs may be the presenting manifestations
of intracerebral aneurysms, so prompt recognition of an aneurysm before
rupture can prevent devastating intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Recent advances in noninvasive neuroimaging and endovascular therapies
facilitate early diagnosis and treatment and therefore may limit such compli¬
cations.
Carotid Cavernous Fistulas 653
Paul H. Phillips
Carotid cavernous fistulas often cause ophthalmologic manifestations that
may result in loss of vision. Knowledge of these ocular signs i.s essential
for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Appropriate management frequently
involves multiple specialists including neuro ophthalmologists, interven
tional radiologists, and neurosurgeons. This article reviews current concepts
essential to all specialists who treat patients with carotid cavernous fistulas.
Neuro Ophthalmology of Arteriovenous Malformations 667
Andrew G. Lee and Neil R. Miller
Intracranial arteriovenous malformations may result in a number of neuro
ophthalmologic signs and symptoms. In some patients, the neuro
ophthalmic findings are the presenting or only manifestations. A multi
disciplinary team approach including neurologists, ophthalmologists,
neurosurgeons, interventional radiologists, and radiation therapists is ideal.
Gliomas of the Anterior Visual Pathways 683
Daniel M. Jacobson
Gliomas of the anterior visual pathways include the more commonly en¬
countered benign tumors of children and the rare and highly aggressive
malignant tumors of adults. Diagnostic biopsy is not required in most coses
of childhood gliomas, especially those unassociated with visual loss or other
neurologic symptoms, because the clinical and neuroimaging features are
often sufficiently characteristic. Because of the infiltrative nature of these
tumors, the neurosurgeon has little to offer symptomatic patients beyond
debulking large exophytic masses and shunting if hydrocephalus is present.
Optic Nerve and Orbital Tumors 699
Nicholas ]. Volpe and Roberta E. Gausas
The close proximity of the orbit to the brain and the high frequency of
ocular symptoms in patients with neurosurgical disease make it mandatory
for neurosurgeons to be familiar with manifestations of orbital disease.
Tumors of the optic nerve and orbit are important causes of vision loss and
eye movement abnormalities. Similarly, intracranial tumors frequently
CONTENTS ¦ ix
present with eye movement abnormalities, vision loss, and optic nerve
swelling. This overlap in the clinical characteristics of patients with orbital
tumors and patients with neurosurgical problems makes familiarity with
the types of clinical presentation of various orbital tumors important to the
neurosurgeon. The history and examination of patients with orbital tumors
are discussed and the clinical presentation of various orbital tumors is pre¬
sented.
Neuro Ophthalmic Manifestations of Pituitary Tumors 717
Sophia M. Chung
Pituitary tumors manifest with a variety of unique localizing signs and
symptoms that neurosurgeons and neuro ophthalmologists must readily
identify. Visual disturbances may be the presenting complaint. Loss of
central visual acuity, visual field deficits, and mechanisms of diplopia are
discussed with case examples used to highlight each.
The Cavernous Sinus 731
Steven A. Newman
The parasellar region, in particular the cavernous sinus, represents the
confluence of critical structures involved in both the afferent and efferent
visual pathways. It is not surprising that lesions affecting the area of the
cavernous sinus most frequently present with neuro ophthalmic complaints,
which include double vision, decreased vision, pain, and numbness. Neuro¬
surgical intervention in the area of the cavernous sinus often produces
neuro ophthalmic complications. A rehabilitative effort directed to the
neuro ophthalmic manifestations is essential for patients with skull base pa¬
thology.
Other Intracranial Mass Lesions 759
Michael S. Vaphiades
This article outlines the various signs and symptoms associated with intra¬
cranial gliomas, meningiomas, and hypertensive hemorrhages. It empha¬
sizes the neurologic and neuro ophthalmologic presentations of these intra¬
cranial mass lesions. Important pathways that subserve horizontal eye
movements are examined and the ocular motility disorders associated with
lesions of these fibers are outlined.
The Phacomatoses 775
John B. Kerrison and Nancy J. Newman
The phacomatoses are disorders characterized by multiple hamartomas of
the central and peripheral nervous system, eye, skin, and viscera. Many of
these diseases have well defined Mendelian patterns of inheritance because
of a mutation of a single gene. In other instances, no clear patterns of
inheritance or genetic susceptibility have been identified. In some cases,
patients are at increased risk of malignancy. The combination of ocular and
CNS manifestations seen in patients with the phacomatoses makes neuro
ophthalmologic evaluation particularly important in the diagnosis and man¬
agement of these patients.
Cumulative Index 1999 789
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X CONTENTS
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| spelling | Neuro-ophthalmology for neurosurgeons Nancy J. Newman, guest ed. Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 1999 XIV, S. 541 - 803 zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Neurosurgery clinics of North America 10,4 Oeil, maladie - Diagnostique Pression intracrânienne Sytème nerveux, maladies Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological Eye Diseases diagnosis Eye Manifestations Nervous System Diseases diagnosis Newman, Nancy J. Sonstige (DE-588)156798794 oth Neurosurgery clinics of North America 10,4 (DE-604)BV002758938 10,4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008740945&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Neuro-ophthalmology for neurosurgeons Neurosurgery clinics of North America Oeil, maladie - Diagnostique Pression intracrânienne Sytème nerveux, maladies Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological Eye Diseases diagnosis Eye Manifestations Nervous System Diseases diagnosis |
| title | Neuro-ophthalmology for neurosurgeons |
| title_auth | Neuro-ophthalmology for neurosurgeons |
| title_exact_search | Neuro-ophthalmology for neurosurgeons |
| title_full | Neuro-ophthalmology for neurosurgeons Nancy J. Newman, guest ed. |
| title_fullStr | Neuro-ophthalmology for neurosurgeons Nancy J. Newman, guest ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuro-ophthalmology for neurosurgeons Nancy J. Newman, guest ed. |
| title_short | Neuro-ophthalmology for neurosurgeons |
| title_sort | neuro ophthalmology for neurosurgeons |
| topic | Oeil, maladie - Diagnostique Pression intracrânienne Sytème nerveux, maladies Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological Eye Diseases diagnosis Eye Manifestations Nervous System Diseases diagnosis |
| topic_facet | Oeil, maladie - Diagnostique Pression intracrânienne Sytème nerveux, maladies Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological Eye Diseases diagnosis Eye Manifestations Nervous System Diseases diagnosis |
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