The changing role of information in warfare:
Advances in information technology have led us to rely on easy communication and readily available information--both in our personal lives and in the life of our nation. For the most part, we have rightly welcomed these changes. But information that is readily available is available to friend and fo...
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Santa Monica, CA
Rand
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Strategic appraisal
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Advances in information technology have led us to rely on easy communication and readily available information--both in our personal lives and in the life of our nation. For the most part, we have rightly welcomed these changes. But information that is readily available is available to friend and foe alike; a system that relies on communication can become useless if its ability to communicate is interfered with or destroyed. Because this reliance is so general, attacks on the information infrastructure can have widespread effects, both for the military and for society. And such attacks can come from a variety of sources, some difficult or impossible to identify. This, the third volume in the Strategic Appraisal series, draws on the expertise of researchers from across RAND to explore the opportunities and vulnerabilities inherent in the increasing reliance on information technology, looking both at its usefulness to the warrior and the need to protect its usefulness for everyone. The Strategic Appraisal series is intended to review, for a broad audience, issues bearing on national security and defense planning. |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 452 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0833026631 |
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| adam_text | IMAGE 1
ZCNRV
STRATEGIC ~%
APPRAISAL
THE
CHANGING ^ROLE OF INFORMATION IN WARFARE
EDITED BY ZALMAY M. KHALILZAD JOHN P. WHITE FOREWORD BY ANDREW W.
MARSHALL PREPARED FOR THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE RAND PROJECT AIR FORCE
APPROVED (OR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
PREFACE III
FIGURES XIII
TABLES XV
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XVII
ABBREVIATIONS XIX
FOREWORD ANDREW W. MARSHALL 1
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ZALMAY KHALILZAD AND JOHN WHITE 7
STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK 11
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY 11
U.S. OPPORTUNITIES AND VULNERABILITIES 12
ISSUES AND LESSONS FOR DECISIONMAKERS 13
REFERENCES 14
PART I: SOCIETY AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM 17
CHAPTER TWO THE AMERICAN MIUTARY ENTERPRISE IN THE INFORMATION AGE
CARLH.BUILDER 19
INTRODUCTION: THE SOCIAL AND MILITARY PERSPECTIVES 19 THE ROOTS OF
REVOLUTION 20
HISTORICAL PATTERNS 24
IMAGE 3
VI STRATEGIC APPRAISAL: THE CHANGING ROLE OF INFORMATION IN WARFARE
CULTURAL FACTORS 26
WHAT IS THE ENTERPRISE? 28
ADAPTING TO THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION 32
APPLYING NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO OLD ENTERPRISES 35
THE FUTURE ENTERPRISE OF THE MILITARY 37
BIBLIOGRAPHY 42
CHAPTER THREE RIGHT MAKES MIGHT: FREEDOM AND POWER IN THE INFORMATION
AGE DAVID C. GOMPERT 45
INTRODUCTION 45
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND WORLD POLITICS 45
IMPLICATIONS 48
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY NEEDS FREEDOM 50
KNOWLEDGE AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM 50
KNOWLEDGE AND POLITICAL FREEDOM 55
ECONOMIC FREEDOM AND POLITICAL FREEDOM . . . 56
NATIONAL POWER NEEDS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 59 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
AND MILITARY CAPABILITIES . . .. 59 FREEDOM AS VULNERABILITY 62
THE CHANGING PROFILE OF POWER .V. 65
POWERS AS PARTNERS 66
POWER, INTEGRATION, AND COMMON SUCCESS 66
INTEGRATING RISING POWERS 69
THE FUTURE OF THE CORE 70
BIBLIOGRAPHY 73
CHAPTER FOUR NETWORKS, NETWAR, AND INFORMATION-AGE TERRORISM JOHN
ARQUILLA, DAVID RONFELDT, AND MICHELE ZANINI . . . . .. 75
A NEW TERRORISM (WITH OLD ROOTS) 75
RECENT VIEWS ABOUT TERRORISM 78
THE ADVENT OF NETWAR-ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND 80
DEFINITION OF NETWAR 82
MORE ABOUT ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN 83
CAVEATS ABOUT THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY 87
SWARMING, AND THE BLURRING OF OFFENSE AND DEFENSE . .. 88 NETWORKS
VERSUS HIERARCHIES: CHALLENGES FOR COUNTERNETWAR 89
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS VII
MIDDLE EASTERN TERRORISM AND NETWAR 90
MIDDLE EASTERN TERRORIST GROUPS: STRUCTURE AND ACTIONS 92
MIDDLE EASTERN TERRORIST GROUPS AND THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 97
SUMMARY COMMENT 100
TERRORIST DOCTRINES-THE RISE OF A WAR PARADIGM 101 THE
COERCIVE-DIPLOMACY PARADIGM 101
THE WAR PARADIGM 102
THE NEW WORLD PARADIGM 103
THE PARADIGMS AND NETWAR 104
REFERENCES 105
CHAPTER FIVE INFORMATION AND WAR: IS IT A REVOLUTION? JEREMY SHAPIRO 113
INTRODUCTION: AL-KHAFJI 113
THE MEANING OF REVOLUTION 114
POSSIBLE REVOLUTIONS 117
SOCIAL REVOLUTION 118
POLITICAL REVOLUTION 123
MILITARY REVOLUTION 129
EVOLUTIONARY AND REVOLUTIONARY PROPOSALS 142
CONCLUSION: IMPLICATIONS OF A FALSE REVOLUTION 146 REFERENCES 148
PART II: U.S. OPPORTUNITIES AND VULNERABILITIES 155
CHAPTER SIX INFORMATION AND WARFARE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR U.S. MILITARY
FORCES EDWARD HARSHBERGER AND DAVID OCHMANEK 157
INFORMATION IN WARFARE: A SIMPLE TAXONOMY 158
KNOWING THE ENEMY 158
KNOWING YOURSELF . . . . 159
KNOWING THE GROUND, KNOWING THE WEATHER 160
CONTROLLING FORCES 160
SPEED AND DECISIVENESS 161
ATWO-SIDED GAME 162
FUTURE VICTORY: NEW OPPORTUNITIES 162
MILITARY ADVANCES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 163
IMAGE 5
VIII STRATEGIC APPRAISAL: THE CHANGING ROLE OF INFORMATION IN WARFARE
HOW NEW INFORMATION CAPABILITIES MIGHT AFFECT U.S. MILITARY OPERATIONS
170
CONCLUSIONS 176
REFERENCES 178
CHAPTER SEVEN U.S. MIUTARY OPPORTUNITIES: INFORMATION- WARFARE CONCEPTS
OF OPERATION BRIAN NICHIPORUK 179
INTRODUCTION 179
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY INFORMATION WARFARE ? 180 THE IMPORTANCE OF
OFFENSIVE INFORMATION WARFARE . . .. 181 EMERGING ASYMMETRIC STRATEGIES
183
INCREASING NICHE CAPABILITIES 184
ENEMY STRATEGIES THAT TARGET KEY U.S. VULNERABILITIES 188
POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS ON U.S. FORCE DEPLOYMENTS 190 DEVELOPING
OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE OFFENSIVE INFORMATION WARFARE 191
INFORMATION-BASED DETERRENCE 193
PRESERVING STRATEGIC REACH 198
COUNTERSTRIKE 202
COUNTER-C4ISR 207
COMPARING THE FOUR CONOPS 211
REFERENCES 213
CHAPTER EIGHT THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
STEPHEN T. HOSMER 217
OBJECTIVES AND INSTRUMENTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS 217 U.S. AND ENEMY
EXPERIENCE WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS . .. 219 U.S.-CAUSED PSYCHOLOGICAL
EFFECTS AT THE STRATEGIC LEVEL: AIR ATTACKS ON ENEMY STRATEGIC TARGETS
219
U.S.-CAUSED PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS AT THE OPERATIONAL AND TACTICAL LEVELS
221
ENEMY-CAUSED PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS AT THE STRATEGIC LEVEL 224
ENEMY-CAUSED PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS AT THE OPERATIONAL AND TACTICAL
LEVELS 230
IMAGE 6
CONTENTS IX
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS 231
IMPACT OF ADVANCED SYSTEMS ON FUTURE WAR-FIGHTING CAPABILITIES 231
IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE U.S.-CAUSED PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS 232
IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE ENEMY-CAUSED PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS 236
THE NEED TO MANAGE FUTURE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS 242 MANAGING
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN A CHANGING INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT 242
MANAGING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FUTURE MILITARY OPERATIONS 245
CONCLUSION 247
REFERENCES 248
CHAPTER NINE U.S. STRATEGIC VULNERABILITIES: THREATS AGAINST SOCIETY
ROGER C. MOLANDER, PETER A. WILSON, AND ROBERT H.
ANDERSON 253
WHAT IS SIW? 253
U.S. STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE VULNERABILITIES AND THREATS 256
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS 259
PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION 260
ENERGY .- 261
BANKING AND FINANCE 262
VITAL HUMAN SERVICES 263
THE NEED FOR NEW DECISIONMAKING FRAMEWORKS 263 AN EVOLVING SERIES OF
FRAMEWORKS 264
AN INITIAL FORMULATION 264
KEY DIMENSIONS OF THE SIW ENVIRONMENT 266
KEY STRATEGY AND POLICY ISSUES 267
CURRENT STATE OF FIRST-GENERATION SIW 271
ALTERNATIVE FIRST-GENERATION SIW END STATES 275 ALTERNATIVE ACTION PLANS
277
CONCLUSIONS 280
REFERENCES 280
IMAGE 7
STRATEGIC APPRAISAL: THE CHANGING ROLE OF INFORMATION IN WARFARE
CHAPTER TEN IMPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION VULNERABILITIES FOR MIUTARY
OPERATIONS GLENN C. BUCHAN 283
AN OVERVIEW OF AIR FORCE OPERATIONS AND THEIR DEPENDENCE ON INFORMATION:
PRESENT AND FUTURE 284
DISRUPTING AIR FORCE OPERATIONS 287
POTENTIAL THREATS 287
POTENTIAL VULNERABILITIES 290
DIRECT IMPACTS OF INFORMATION DISRUPTION 296
OPERATIONAL IMPLICATIONS 298
MAJOR CONFLICTS 298
LESSER OPERATIONS 307
REDUCING VULNERABILITIES AND COPING WITH THEIR EFFECTS . . 313 WHY
INTELLIGENCE ASSESSMENTS AND WARNING CONCEPTS ARE LARGELY IRRELEVANT 313
HOW TO DEFEND AND RECOVER ,^ 317
CONCLUSIONS 321
REFERENCES 322
PART III: ISSUES, STRATEGIES, AND LESSONS FOR DECISIONMAKERS 325
CHAPTER ELEVEN MIUTARY ORGANIZATION IN THE INFORMATION AGE: LESSONS FROM
THE WORLD OF BUSINESS FRANCIS FUKUYAMA AND ABRAM N. SHULSKY 327
THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZATION IN A TIME OF REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE 327
THE EFFECTS OF THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION ON CORPORATE ORGANIZATION
330
FLATTENING: CREATING SHORTER DATA PATHS 331
INFORMATING 335
CONCENTRATING ON CORE COMPETENCIES 338
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S. ARMED FORCES 340
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES 342
CREATING A LEARNING INSTITUTION 344
PERSONNEL POLICY: FREEDOM TO FAIL 349
PERSONNEL POLICY: DISTRIBUTION OF SKILLS IN THE ORGANIZATION 352
IMAGE 8
CONTENTS XI
REVOLUTION IN BUSINESS AFFAIRS : PROCUREMENT 353 ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE MUST REFLECT OBJECTIVES 357 EXOGENOUS POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS
358
REFERENCES 359
CHAPTER TWELVE ARMS CONTROL, EXPORT REGIMES, AND MULTILATERAL
COOPERATION LYNN E. DAVIS 361
PAST ACCOMPLISHMENTS 362
ARMS CONTROL 362
EXPORT CONTROL REGIMES 364
MULTILATERAL COOPERATION 366
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES 367
ARMS CONTROL 367
EXPORT CONTROLS 371
MULTILATERAL COOPERATION 374
A STRATEGY DURING THIS TIME OF UNCERTAINTY 375
REFERENCES 377
CHAPTER THIRTEEN ETHICS AND INFORMATION WARFARE JOHN ARQUILLA 379
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS 380
THE CONCEPTS OF JUST WAR THEORY 381
DEFINING INFORMATION WARFARE 384
JUST WAR THEORY AND INFORMATION WARFARE 386
JUS AD BELLUM 387
JUS IN BELLO 388
SOME GUIDELINES FOR POLICY 391
POLICYTOWARD GOINGTO WAR 392
ONJUSTWARFIGHTING 394
CLOSING THOUGHTS 398
REFERENCES 398
CHAPTER FOURTEEN DEFENSE IN A WIRED WORLD: PROTECTION, DETERRENCE, AND
PREVENTION ZALMAY KHALILZAD 403
THE THREAT 406
THEATTACKS 410
IMAGE 9
XII STRATEGIC APPRAISAL: THE CHANGING ROLE OF INFORMATION IN WARFARE
STRATEGIES OF DEFENSE: PROTECTION, DETERRENCE, AND PREVENTION 412
PROTECTION 413
DETERRENCE 418
PREVENTION 426
TOWARD A NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR INFORMATION-WARFARE DEFENSE 433
REFERENCES 434
CHAPTER FIFTEEN CONCLUSION: THE CHANGING ROLE OF INFORMATION IN WARFARE
MARTIN LIBICKI AND JEREMY SHAPIRO 437
TREND OR FAD? 438
PERFECT SECURITY? 440
NATIONAL POLICY ISSUES 442
AIR FORCE POLICY ISSUES I 447
A TIMELESS LESSON OF INFORMATION WARFARE 451
REFERENCES 452
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| id | DE-604.BV012776439 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:33:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0833026631 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | The changing role of information in warfare ed. by Zalmay M. Khalilzad ... Santa Monica, CA Rand 1999 XXIII, 452 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Strategic appraisal Advances in information technology have led us to rely on easy communication and readily available information--both in our personal lives and in the life of our nation. For the most part, we have rightly welcomed these changes. But information that is readily available is available to friend and foe alike; a system that relies on communication can become useless if its ability to communicate is interfered with or destroyed. Because this reliance is so general, attacks on the information infrastructure can have widespread effects, both for the military and for society. And such attacks can come from a variety of sources, some difficult or impossible to identify. This, the third volume in the Strategic Appraisal series, draws on the expertise of researchers from across RAND to explore the opportunities and vulnerabilities inherent in the increasing reliance on information technology, looking both at its usefulness to the warrior and the need to protect its usefulness for everyone. The Strategic Appraisal series is intended to review, for a broad audience, issues bearing on national security and defense planning. Military art and science Automation Informationstechnik (DE-588)4026926-7 gnd rswk-swf Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 gnd rswk-swf Information (DE-588)4026899-8 gnd rswk-swf Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 s Information (DE-588)4026899-8 s DE-604 Informationstechnik (DE-588)4026926-7 s Khalilzad, Zalmay Sonstige oth GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008688648&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The changing role of information in warfare Military art and science Automation Informationstechnik (DE-588)4026926-7 gnd Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 gnd Information (DE-588)4026899-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4026926-7 (DE-588)4073817-6 (DE-588)4026899-8 |
| title | The changing role of information in warfare |
| title_auth | The changing role of information in warfare |
| title_exact_search | The changing role of information in warfare |
| title_full | The changing role of information in warfare ed. by Zalmay M. Khalilzad ... |
| title_fullStr | The changing role of information in warfare ed. by Zalmay M. Khalilzad ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | The changing role of information in warfare ed. by Zalmay M. Khalilzad ... |
| title_short | The changing role of information in warfare |
| title_sort | the changing role of information in warfare |
| topic | Military art and science Automation Informationstechnik (DE-588)4026926-7 gnd Kriegführung (DE-588)4073817-6 gnd Information (DE-588)4026899-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Military art and science Automation Informationstechnik Kriegführung Information |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008688648&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khalilzadzalmay thechangingroleofinformationinwarfare |