Carbon tetrachloride:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Geneva
World Health Organization
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Environmental health criteria
208 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 177 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9241572086 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 300 | |a XVIII, 177 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
PREAMBLE ix
ABBREVIATIONS xviii
1. SUMMARY 1
2. IDENTITY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES, AND ANALYTICAL METHODS 6
2.1 Identity 6
2.2 Physical and chemical properties 7
2.3 Conversion factors 8
2.4 Analytical methods 8
2.4.1 Sampling and analysis in air 13
2.4.2 Sampling and analysis in water 13
2.4.3 Sampling and analysis in biological
samples 14
2.4.3.1 Blood and tissues 14
2.4.3.2 Urine 14
2.4.3.3 Fish 14
2.4.4 Sampling and analysis in foodstuffs 14
3. SOURCES OF HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL
EXPOSURE 16
3.1 Natural occurrence 16
3.2 Anthropogenic sources 16
3.2.1 Production 16
3.2.1.1 Direct production and procedures 16
3.2.1.2 Indirect production 17
3.2.1.3 Emissions 18
: 3.2.2 Uses 18
I
|
j
_ ///
EHC208: Carbon Tetrachlorlde
4. ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT, DISTRIBUTION
AND TRANSFORMATION 19
4.1 Transport and distribution between media 19
4.1.1 Transport 19
4.1.2 Distribution 19
4.1.3 Removal from the atmosphere; global
warming potential 21
4.1.4 Removal from water 22
4.1.5 Removal from soil 22
4.2 Abiotic degradation 22
4.2.1 Degradation in atmosphere 22
4.2.1.1 Photodegradation 22
4.2.1.2 Photolysis 23
4.2.1.3 Ozone depletion potential 23
4.2.2 Degradation in water 24
4.2.3 Other degradation processes 24
4.3 Biotic degradation 24
4.3.1 Aerobic 24
4.3.2 Anaerobic 25
4.4 Bioaccumulation 26
5. CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
AND EXPOSURE 28
5.1 Environmental levels 28
5.1.1 Air 28
5.1.2 Water 28
5.1.3 Soil and sediment 30
5.1.4 Biota 30
5.2 General population exposure 30
5.2.1 Outdoor air 30
5.2.2 Indoor air 30
5.2.3 Drinking water 32
5.2.4 Foodstuffs 33
5.2.5 Intake averages 34
5.3 Occupational exposure 34
6. KINETICS AND METABOLISM IN LABORATORY
ANIMALS AND HUMANS 36
j 6.1 Pharmacokinetics 36
6.1.1 Absorption 36
6.1.1.1 Oral 36
6.1.1.2 Dermal 37
6.1.1.3 Inhalation 37
6.1.2 Distribution 38
6.1.3 Elimination and fate 40
6.1.4 Physiologically based phannacokinetic
modelling 42
6.2 Biotransformation and covalent binding of
metabolites 43
6.3 Human studies 48
6.3.1 Uptake 48
6.3.1.1 Dermal 48
6.3.1.2 Inhalation 49
6.3.2 Elimination 49
7. EFFECTS ON LABORATORY MAMMALS AND
IN VITRO TEST SYSTEMS 50
7.1 Single exposure 50
7.1.1 Lethality 50
7.1.2 Non lethal effects 50
7.1.2.1 Oral exposure 50
7.1.2.2 Inhalation exposure 55
7.1.2.3 Subcutaneous and intraperitoneal
exposure 57
7.1.2.4 Dermal exposure 59
7.2 Short term exposure 59
7.2.1 Oral exposure 59
7.2.2 Inhalation exposure 62
7.2.3 Intraperitoneal exposure 66
7.3 Long term exposure 68
7.4 Irritation 70
7.4.1 Skin irritation 70
7.4.2 Eye irritation 70
v
EHC 208: Carbon Tetrachloride
i
7.5 Toxicity to the reproductive system,
embryotoxicity, teratogenicity 71
7.5.1 Reproduction 71
7.5.2 Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity 71
7.5.2.1 Oral exposure 72
7.5.2.2 Inhalation exposure 72
7.6 Mutagenicity 73
7.7 Carcinogenicity 83
7.7.1 Mice 83
7.7.2 Rats 85
7.8 Special studies 86 !
7.8.1 Immunotoxicity 86 ;
7.8.2 Influence of oxygen levels 87
7.9 Factors modifying toxicity 88
7.9.1 Dosing vehicles 88
7.9.2 Diet 89
7.9.3 Alcohol 90
7.9.4 Enhancement of carbon tetrachloride
induced hepatotoxicity by various
compounds 93
7.9.5 Reduction of carbon tetrachloride induced
hepatotoxicity by various compounds 97
7.10 Mode of action 100
8. EFFECTS ON HUMANS 105
8.1 Controlled studies 105
8.1.1 Inhalation 105
8.1.2 Dermal 105
8.2 Case reports 106
8.3 Epidemiology 108
8.3.1 Non cancer epidemiology 108
8.3.2 Cancer epidemiology 109
9. EFFECTS ON OTHER ORGANISMS IN THE
LABORATORY AND FIELD 113
9.1 Toxicity to microorganisms 113
9.2 Aquatic toxicity 113
9.2.1 Algae 113
w 1
9.2.2 Invertebrates 113
9.2.3 Vertebrates 118
9.3 Terrestrial toxicity 118
| 9.3.1 Earthworms 118
! 10. EVALUATION OF HUMAN HEALTH RISKS AND
EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT 120
10.1 Evaluation of human health risks 120
10.1.1 Exposure 120
10.1.2 Health effects 121
10.1.3 Approaches to health risk assessment 122
10.1.3.1 Calculation of a TDI based
on oral data 122
10.1.3.2 Calculation of a TC based
on inhalation data 123
10.1.3.3 Summary of the results of
risk assessment 124
10.1.3.4 Conclusions based on exposure
and health risk assessment 124
10.2 Evaluation of effects on the environment 125
11. FURTHER RESEARCH 128
12. PREVIOUS EVALUATION BY INTERNATIONAL
BODIES 129
REFERENCES 130
RESUME 166
RESUMEN 172
vii
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| id | DE-604.BV012762893 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:33:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9241572086 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008677935 |
| oclc_num | 231788767 |
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| owner | DE-12 DE-Er8 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Er8 |
| physical | XVIII, 177 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | World Health Organization |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Environmental health criteria |
| series2 | Environmental health criteria |
| spelling | Carbon tetrachloride first draft prepared by J. de Fouw Geneva World Health Organization 1999 XVIII, 177 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Environmental health criteria 208 Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 gnd rswk-swf Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd rswk-swf Tetrachlormethan (DE-588)4184864-0 gnd rswk-swf Tetrachlormethan (DE-588)4184864-0 s Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 s DE-604 Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 s Fouw, J. de Sonstige oth Environmental health criteria 208 (DE-604)BV000011459 208 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008677935&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Carbon tetrachloride Environmental health criteria Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 gnd Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd Tetrachlormethan (DE-588)4184864-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4060538-3 (DE-588)4061619-8 (DE-588)4184864-0 |
| title | Carbon tetrachloride |
| title_auth | Carbon tetrachloride |
| title_exact_search | Carbon tetrachloride |
| title_full | Carbon tetrachloride first draft prepared by J. de Fouw |
| title_fullStr | Carbon tetrachloride first draft prepared by J. de Fouw |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon tetrachloride first draft prepared by J. de Fouw |
| title_short | Carbon tetrachloride |
| title_sort | carbon tetrachloride |
| topic | Toxikologie (DE-588)4060538-3 gnd Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd Tetrachlormethan (DE-588)4184864-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Toxikologie Umweltbelastung Tetrachlormethan |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008677935&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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