Principles of hydrology:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
McGraw-Hill
2000
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 450 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0077095022 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles of hydrology |c R. C. Ward ; M. Robinson |
| 250 | |a 4. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b McGraw-Hill |c 2000 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 450 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Hydrogeologie - Hydrologie - Lehrbuch | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804127421540073472 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Principles of hydrology
Autor: Ward, Roy C.
Jahr: 2000
Contents
Preface xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Water—facts and figures 1
1.2 The changing nature of hydrology 3
1.3 The hydrological cycle and system 6
1.4 The nature of hydrological processes 8
Chapter 2 Precipitation 14
2.1 Introduction and definitions 14
2.1.1 Water vapour 15
2.1.2 Clouds 16
2.2 Precipitation mechanisms 18
2.2.1 Frontal and cyclonic precipitation 18
2.2.2 Convectional precipitation 19
2.2.3 Orographie precipitation 20
2.3 General spatial patterns of precipitation 20
2.3.1 Global pattern of precipitation 21
2.3.2 Regional precipitation 22
2.4 Precipitation measurement 22
2.4.1 Point measurement 24
2.4.2 Areal rainfall 29
2.5 Temporal variations in precipitation records 36
2.5.1 Stochastic variations 37
2.5.2 Periodic variations 38
2.5.3 Secular variations 40
2.6 Analysis of precipitation data 43
2.6.1 Catchment mean rainfall 43
2.6.2 Storm precipitation patterns 44
2.6.3 Rainfall statistics 45
2.7 Hydrological aspects of snow 54
2.7.1 Distribution of snow 54
2.7.2 Amount of snowfall 55
2.7.3 Snowmelt 58
vii
Contents
2.8 Human modification of precipitation patterns 59
Review problems and exercises 62
Chapter 3 Interception 63
3.1 Introduction and definitions 63
3.2 Interception and the water balance 64
3.3 Measuring interception 68
3.4 Factors affecting interception loss from vegetation 72
3.5 Interception losses from different types of vegetation 74
3.5.1 Woodlands 75
3.5.2 Grasses and shrubs 78
3.5.3 Agricultural crops 79
3.6 Modelling interception 79
3.7 Interception of snow 86
3.8 Cloud water deposition 88
Review problems and exercises 89
Chapter 4 Evaporation 91
4.1 Introduction and definitions 91
4.2 The process of evaporation 92
4.2.1 Thermodynamic factors 94
4.2.2 Aerodynamic factors 95
4.3 Estimation of evaporation 99
4.3.1 Liquid water loss 99
4.3.2 Water vapour flow 100
4.4 Evaporation from different surfaces 103
4.4.1 Open water 103
4.4.2 Evaporation from bare soils 105
4.4.3 Evaporation from vegetation covers 106
4.4.4 Soil factors 115
4.5 The components of evaporation from vegetation covers 117
4.5.1 Resistances to water vapour flux 117
4.5.2 Interception and transpiration 120
4.6 Modelling evaporation 124
4.6.1 Potential evaporation and actual evaporation 124
4.6.2 Models of potential evaporation 125
4.6.3 Temporal and spatial variations in evaporation 130
4.7 Progress in understanding evaporation processes 135
4.7.1 Physical basis for evaporation equations 135
4.7.2 Advection 136
Review problems and exercises 138
Chapter 5 Groundwater 139
5.1 Introduction and definitions 139
5.2 Geological background 141
5.3 Confined and unconfined aquifers 142
vin
Contents
5.4 Groundwater storage 144
5.4.1 Porosity 145
5.4.2 Specific yield and specific retention 147
5.4.3 Storage change 148
5.5 Groundwater movement 156
5.5.1 Darcy s law 157
5.5.2 Factors affecting hydraulic conductivity 160
5.5.3 Flow nets 161
5.5.4 Two-dimensional groundwater flow 163
5.5.5 Unconfined groundwater flow—classical models 165
5.5.6 Confined groundwater flow 167
5.5.7 Regional groundwater flow 168
5.5.8 Groundwater flow in coastal aquifers 176
5.6 Groundwater in jointed and fractured rocks 180
Review problems and exercises 183
Chapter 6 Soil water 185
6.1 Introduction 185
6.2 Physical properties of soils affecting soil water 185
6.3 Storage of soil water 187
6.3.1 Water retention forces 187
6.3.2 Soil moisture characteristics (retention curves) 189
6.3.3 Hysteresis 191
6.3.4 Soil water constants 193
6.3.5 Soil water energy (potential) 193
6.3.6 Measurement of soil water 198
6.4 Movement of soil water 201
6.4.1 Principles of unsaturated flow 201
6.4.2 Infiltration of water into soils 206
6.4.3 Soil water redistribution following infiltration 213
6.4.4 Upward movement of soil water from the water table 215
6.5 Soil water behaviour under field conditions 218
6.5.1 Soil water hysteresis 218
6.5.2 Soil heterogeneity 220
6.5.3 Topography 225
6.5.4 Groundwater recharge 229
6.5.5 Human influences 230
Review problems and exercises 230
Chapter 7 Runoff 232
7.1 Introduction 232
7.2 Quickflow and delayed flow 233
7.3 Sources and components of runoff 233
7.3.1 Channel precipitation (Qp) 235
7.3.2 Overland flow (Qo) 236
7.3.3 Throughflow (Qt) 237
7.3.4 Groundwater flow (Qg) 238
IX
Contents
7.4 Event-based variations 238
7.4.1 The Horton hypothesis 239
7.4.2 The Hewlett hypothesis 240
7.4.3 Exceptions to the Hewlett hypothesis? 250
7.4.4 Hydrograph separation 253
7.5 Daily flow variations 256
7.6 Seasonal flow variations 259
7.7 Long-term variations of flow and flow variability 263
7.8 Extremes of runoff 269
7.8.1 Flood flows 270
7.8.2 Low flows 279
7.9 Runoff from snow-covered areas 287
7.9.1 Snowpack water equivalent 289
7.9.2 Energy exchange and snowmelt 290
7.9.3 Snowpack properties and water movement 291
7.9.4 Runoff from glacierized areas 292
Review problems and exercises 295
Chapter 8 Water quality 296
8.1 Introduction and definitions 296
8.1.1 Properties of water 297
8.1.2 Water quality characteristics 298
8.2 Processes controlling the chemical composition of water 301
8.3 Atmospheric solutes 304
8.4 Interception and evaporation 311
8.5 Soil water and groundwater 313
8.5.1 Weathering of rocks 314
8.5.2 Adsorption and exchange reactions 316
8.5.3 Solute movement in soils and groundwater 319
8.5.4 Tracers 325
8.5.5 Chemical evolution of groundwater 326
8.5.6 Presentation of water chemistry data 327
8.6 Runoff 328
8.6.1 Processes in stream channels 329
8.6.2 Lakes 332
8.6.3 Catchments 333
8.7 In conclusion 340
Review problems and exercises 342
Chapter 9 The drainage basin and beyond 343
9.1 Introduction 343
9.2 Drainage basin models 347
9.2.1 Types of drainage basin model 347
9.2.2 Stanford Watershed Model (SWM4) 350
9.2.3 SHE (Système Hydrologique Européen) 352
Contents
9.2.4 TOPMODEL (topography-based hydrological model) 353
9.3 Water balance studies of selected drainage basins 355
9.3.1 Catchwater Drain, Yorkshire, UK 357
9.3.2 River Thames, UK 359
9.3.3 Murray-Darling basin, Australia 360
9.3.4 The Amazon 364
9.4 Beyond the drainage basin: global hydrology 366
9.4.1 The global water balance 367
9.4.2 Challenges in hydrology 369
9.4.3 Hydrology in the global village 371
Epilogue 373
Review problems and exercises 374
References 375
Reference abbreviations 421
Conversion factors and physical constants 423
Simplified metric conversion tables 425
Name index 429
Subject index 441
XI
|
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| discipline | Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
| edition | 4. ed. |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:33:05Z |
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| isbn | 0077095022 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Ward, Roy C. 1937- Verfasser (DE-588)122468805 aut Principles of hydrology R. C. Ward ; M. Robinson 4. ed. London [u.a.] McGraw-Hill 2000 XIV, 450 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hydrogeologie - Hydrologie - Lehrbuch Hydrologie Hydrology Hydrologie (DE-588)4026309-5 gnd rswk-swf Hydrologie (DE-588)4026309-5 s DE-604 Robinson, Mark Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008672570&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Principles of hydrology |
| title_auth | Principles of hydrology |
| title_exact_search | Principles of hydrology |
| title_full | Principles of hydrology R. C. Ward ; M. Robinson |
| title_fullStr | Principles of hydrology R. C. Ward ; M. Robinson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of hydrology R. C. Ward ; M. Robinson |
| title_short | Principles of hydrology |
| title_sort | principles of hydrology |
| topic | Hydrogeologie - Hydrologie - Lehrbuch Hydrologie Hydrology Hydrologie (DE-588)4026309-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hydrogeologie - Hydrologie - Lehrbuch Hydrologie Hydrology |
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