Changing regulation of surface transportation: impacts on supply behavior of Alpine freight carriers
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
1998
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 155, [17] S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Abbreviations
Acknowlegements
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Problems, Focus and Objectives 1
1.1.1 Missing Transportation Networks 1
1.1.2 Focus of Analysis 4
1.1.3 Objectives 6
1.2 Framework and Limitations 6
1.3 Research Questions and Outline of Research 9
1.3.1 Research Questions 9
1.3.2 The Outline of Research 10
1.4 Review of Literature 12
2 The Alpine Transportation Network 16
2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Geographic Considerations 16
2.2.1 Topography of the Alpine Region 16
2.2.2 Sources of European Traffic Flows 17
2.2.3 Modal Split and Route Choice 20
2.3 Characteristics of the Alpine Transportation Network 23
2.3.1 Physical Provision of Infrastructure 23
2.3.2 Regulation of Transportation Infrastructure 25
2.4 Conclusions 26
3 Freight Transportation Services A Market for Quality 27
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 A Market for Freight Transport Services 27
3.2.1 Features of Freight Transport Markets 27
3.2.2 The Demand for Freight Transport Services 30
3.2.3 The Supply of Freight Transport Services 33
3.3 Regulation of the Transportation Network 34
3.3.1 Theory of Regulation 34
3.3.1.1 Normative Theory of Regulation 35
3.3.1.2 Positive Theory of Regulation 38
3.3.2 Reasons for Regulating the Transportation Sector 39
3.3.3 Economic Consequences of Regulation in theTransportation Sector 41
3.3.3.1 Price Regulation 41
3.3.3.2 Market Entry Regulation 43
3.3.3.3 Operating Restrictions 44
3.3.3.4 Taxes and Subsidies 46
3.3.3.5 Concluding Remarks on Regulations in the Transportation Sector .. 47
3.3.4 A Critique of the Legitimacy of Regulation 48
3.4 Conclusions 49
4 Empirical Model of Freight Carriers 51
4.1 Introduction 51
4.2 The Formulation of the Empirical Model 52
4.3 Hypotheses on Freight Carriers Behavior 57
4.3.1 Hedonic Function 58
4.3.2 Production Technology 58
4.3.2.1 Motor Carriers 59
4.3.2.2 Railroads 60
4.3.2.3 Intermodal Transport 62
4.3.3 Network Characteristics 63
4.3.3.1 Network of Alpine Crossings 63
4.3.3.2 Operating Restrictions 64
5 Research Strategy 66
5.1 Introduction 66
5.2 Literature Review on Shipper s Needs and Expert Interviews 67
5.3 The Survey Instrument 68
5.3.1 The Stated Response Method 68
5.3.2 Survey Design 71
5.3.2.1 Qualities of Freight Transport Services 72
5.3.2.2 Transportation Technology 73
5.3.2.3 Transportation Network 74
5.4 The Pretest 74
5.4.1 Selection of a Reference Case 74
5.4.2 The Factorial Design for the Pretest 75
5.4.3 Empirical Results of the Pretest 78
5.5 Main Survey 81
5.5.1 Sample of Trans Alpine Freight Carriers 81
5.5.2 The Factorial Design for the Main Survey 83
5.6 Conclusions 86
6 Empirical Evidence Regarding the Alpine Network 87
6.1 Introduction 87
6.2 The Data 87
6.3 Empirical Model and Results of Estimated Offer Functions of
the Main Survey 90
6.3.1 The Empirical Model 90
6.3.2 Results of Estimated Offer Functions in the Main Survey 92
6.4 Discussion of Empirical Evidence from the Main Survey 92
6.4.1 Hedonic Framework 93
6.4.2 Production Technology 94
6.4.2.1 Road Transport 94
6.4.2.2 Intermodal Transport 95
6.4.3 Network Characteristics 96
6.4.3.1 Trans Alpine Corridors 96
6.4.3.2 Regulation of Weight Limits on the Gotthard Corridor 98
6.5 Deregulation and Re Regulation Approaches in Europe 100
6.6 Deregulation and Re Regulation Scenarios on the
Gotthard Corridor 101
6.7 Conclusions 107
7 Experience with Regulatory Reforms in the United States 110
7.1 Introduction 110
7.2 The Start of Freight Transport Regulation in the U.S Ill
7.2.1 Development of the Railroad Industry and First Regulations Ill
7.2.2 Rising Competition of the Trucking Industry 112
7.3 Deregulating Surface Freight Transportation 113
7.3.1 Deregulating the Railroad Industry 114
7.3.2 Deregulating the Trucking Industry 118
7.4 Efficiency Effects of Deregulation 122
7.4.1 Effects on Prices, Services, and Profits 123
7.4.2 Effects on Labor and Market Structure 125
8.3.3 Welfare Effects for Shippers and Carriers 127
7.5 The Re Regulation Movement 128
7.6 The U.S. Surface Transportation Market Facts Statistics 130
7.7 Conclusions 137
8 Strategies for Integrating Freight Networks 139
8.1 Introduction 139
8.2 Motor Carrier Strategies 141
8.2.1 Factors Influencing Motor Carriers 141
8.2.1.1 Economic Regulations 141
8.2.1.2 Other Factors Affecting Costs of Motor Carriers 143
8.2.2 Competitive Responses of Motor Carriers 144
8.3 Railroad and Intermodal Strategies 146
8.3.1 Factors Influencing Railroads and Intermodal Transport 146
8.3.1.1 Economic Regulations 146
8.3.1.2 Other Factors Affecting Costs of Railroads and Intermodal Carriers 147
8.3.2 Competitive Responses of Railroads and Intermodal Carriers .... 148
8.4 Conclusions 151
9 Summary and Conclusions 153
References
Appendix
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: Research Questions 9
TABLE 2: Trans Alpine Freight Volume 22
TABLE 3: Importance Ranking of Carrier Selection Determinants 32
TABLE 4: Economic Reasons for Regulation Normative Theory 36
TABLE 5: Cost Effectiveness of Internalization Measures 46
TABLE 6: Characteristics and Levels of the Pretest Design for Offer Requests 76
TABLE 7: List of Variables for Pretest 79
TABLE 8: Results of OLS Estimation of the Pretest 82
TABLE 9: Characteristics and Levels of the Design for Main Survey 84
TABLE 10: List of Variables in Main Survey 89
TABLE 11: Results ofOLS Estimation in Main Survey 95
TABLE 12: Description of Re Regulation Scenarios on Gotthard Corridor 103
TABLE 13: Competitive Modes for Different Weights on the Gotthard Corridor 108
TABLE 14: Economic Distortions Created by Regulations 114
TABLE 15: Regulatory Reform of the U.S. Railroad Industry 116
TABLE 16: Regulatory Reform of the Trucking Industry 119
TABLE 17: Index of Real Freight Rates 1975 1982 124
TABLE 18: Index of Rail Carloadings of Various Types of Traffic 1969 1983 136
TABLE 19: Effects of Regulatory Reform on Rate, Service Quality, and Profits 125
TABLE 20: Effects of Transport Deregulation on Wages and Employment 126
TABLE21: Welfare Effects ofTransport Deregulation for Consumers and Producers . 128
TABLE 22: Selected Environmental Laws Affecting Transportation 130
TABLE23: Shareof Operating Revenue by ModeofU.S. Freight Market, 1960 1993 131
TABLE 24: Major Elements of the U.S. Transportation System, 1994 132
TABLE 25: Average Length of Haul of Interstate Freight Movements 133
TABLE 26: Number of Trucks and Annual Miles per Truck by Truck Weight,
1982 and 1992 135
TABLE 27: Average Freight Revenue per Ton Mile 136
TABLE 28: Intermodal Transport in the U.S. in 1993 137
TABLE 29: Factors Indirectly Influencing Freight Transport Supply 140
LIST OF TABLES (cont)
TABLE 30: Cost Effects of Economic Regulations for Motor Carriers on
Swiss Gotthard Corridor 142
TABLE 31: Selected Cost Factors for Motor Carriers on the Alpine Network 143
TABLE 32: Competitive Strategies of Motor Carriers in Response to
Regulatory Changes 145
TABLE 33: Cost Effects of Economic Regulations for Alpine Railroads and
Intermodal Operators 147
TABLE 34: Competitive Strategies of Railroads and Intermodal Operators in
Response to Regulatory Changes 150
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: Determinig Factors of Freight Carriers Behavior 7
FIGURE 2: Outline of Research 11
FIGURE 3: Land Relief Map of the Alpine Region 17
FIGURE 4: Alp Crossing Freight Traffic through Switzerland, France, and
Austria from 1970 to 1994 18
FIGURE 5: Directions of Trans Alpine Freight Flow 19
FIGURE 6: Shares of Trans Alpine Trade of Selected EU Countries 20
FIGURE 7: Main Trans Alpine Crossings for Road and Rail 21
FIGURE 8: Trend in Gross Annual Infrastructure Investment by Transport
Mode in Member Countries of the European Conference of Ministers
of Transport (ECMT) 1980 to 1989 24
FIGURE 9: Infrastructure, Supply, and Demand of Freight Transport Services 29
FIGURE 10: Map of Origins and Destinations for the Pretest 77
FIGURE 11: Map of Origins and Destinations in the Main Survey 85
FIGURE 12: Estimated Offer Prices on the Gotthard Corridor with and without
28 ton Limit 99
FIGURE 13: Offer Prices for Freight Transports over the Gotthard Corridor:
Scenario 1: NONE and Scenario 2: STRICT 105
FIGURE 14: Offer Prices for Freight Transports over the Gotthard Corridor:
Scenario 1: NONE and Scenario 3: MODERATE 106
FIGURE 15: Bankruptcies among Trucking Firms 127
FIGURE 16: Railroad Network Showing Volume of Freight, 1994 134
FIGURE 17: Supply Network of Shuttle Train Services by the European
Intermodal Operators 149
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| spelling | Mueller, Karin E. Verfasser aut Changing regulation of surface transportation impacts on supply behavior of Alpine freight carriers vorgelegt von Karin E. Mueller 1998 155, [17] S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zürich, Univ., Diss., 1998 Güterverkehr (DE-588)4022492-2 gnd rswk-swf Regulierung (DE-588)4201190-5 gnd rswk-swf Alpenländer (DE-588)4084992-2 gnd rswk-swf Alpen (DE-588)4001328-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Alpen (DE-588)4001328-5 g Güterverkehr (DE-588)4022492-2 s Regulierung (DE-588)4201190-5 s DE-604 Alpenländer (DE-588)4084992-2 g HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008658033&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mueller, Karin E. Changing regulation of surface transportation impacts on supply behavior of Alpine freight carriers Güterverkehr (DE-588)4022492-2 gnd Regulierung (DE-588)4201190-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4022492-2 (DE-588)4201190-5 (DE-588)4084992-2 (DE-588)4001328-5 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Changing regulation of surface transportation impacts on supply behavior of Alpine freight carriers |
| title_auth | Changing regulation of surface transportation impacts on supply behavior of Alpine freight carriers |
| title_exact_search | Changing regulation of surface transportation impacts on supply behavior of Alpine freight carriers |
| title_full | Changing regulation of surface transportation impacts on supply behavior of Alpine freight carriers vorgelegt von Karin E. Mueller |
| title_fullStr | Changing regulation of surface transportation impacts on supply behavior of Alpine freight carriers vorgelegt von Karin E. Mueller |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changing regulation of surface transportation impacts on supply behavior of Alpine freight carriers vorgelegt von Karin E. Mueller |
| title_short | Changing regulation of surface transportation |
| title_sort | changing regulation of surface transportation impacts on supply behavior of alpine freight carriers |
| title_sub | impacts on supply behavior of Alpine freight carriers |
| topic | Güterverkehr (DE-588)4022492-2 gnd Regulierung (DE-588)4201190-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Güterverkehr Regulierung Alpenländer Alpen Hochschulschrift |
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