Reward, punishment, and forgiveness: the thinking and beliefs of ancient Israel in the light of Greek and modern views
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden [u.a.]
Brill
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | [Vetus Testamentum / Supplements]
78 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXVI, 957 S. |
| ISBN: | 9004114432 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804127393804189696 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface
............................................................................................. xvii
Abbreviations
..................................................................................
XXV
General
Introduction
............................................................................. 1
1.
Inner-biblical Exegesis
............................................................... 1
2.
Canonical Approach
................................................................... 8
3.
Literary Approach
...................................................................... 10
4.
The Drama of Reading Within a Living Tradition
..................... 15
PART ONE: THE PENTATEUCH (TORAH)
.................................... 23
I. Punishment and Mercy in the Primeval History
(Gen
1-11) ......................................................................................... 25
1. Punishment Proves Milder Than Was Threatened
Before the Fall (2:4b-3:24)
........................................................ 26
2.
Why Does God Protect Cain despite
His Fratricide?
(4:1-16) ............................................................. 30
3.
The Unrepeatable Punishment
of the Flood
(6:1^ + 6:5-8:22) ................................................. 34
4.
The Blessing and Sign of the Eternal Covenant
(9:1—7) ............ 41
5.
Why Are There Many Languages
and Many Nations?
(11:1-9) ...................................................... 45
6.
Synthesis: Unifying Themes in the Primeval History
................ 48
7.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 52
II. The Dialogue on Just Punishment (Gen
18:16—33) ......................... 55
1.
Structure and Setting of Abraham s Plea
................................... 56
2.
The Concept of Righteousness in Verses
19
and
25 ................... 61
III. Punishment for Pharaoh s Stubbornness
(Exod
7:8-11:10) ............................................................................ 66
1.
The Thematic Unity of Exodus
3—14 ......................................... 68
1.1
God s Demand That Pharaoh Release His People
.............. 68
1.2
Pharaoh s Resistance and Hardness of Heart
...................... 70
1.3
Signs. Wonders, and Judgments
.......................................... 71
1.4
The Purpose of the Signs
Is to Ensure Recognition of God
........................................ 73
2.
Significance of the Correlation of Key Statements
.................... 74
Ví
CONTENTS
2.1
Recognition of God s Righteousness
and a Plea for Mercy
........................................................... 75
2.2
The Secret of Pharaoh s Stubbornness
................................ 78
3.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 82
IV. Apostasy and Renewal of the Covenant
(Exod
32—34) .................. 84
1.
The Worship of the Golden Calf
and Its Consequences
(32:1-35) ................................................. 85
1.1
Making of the Golden Calf
(32:1-6) ................................... 87
1.2
Moses First Intercession
(32:7-14) .................................... 88
1.3
Moses Sanctions
(32:15-29) .............................................. 90
1.4
Moses Second Intercession
(32:30-35) ............................. 92
2.
God s Presence among His People
(33:1-23) ............................ 94
2.1
Signs of Repentance
(33:1-6) ............................................. 94
2.2
The Tent of Meeting
(33:7-11) ........................................... 96
2.3
Moses Prays for God s Presence
(33:12-17) ...................... 98
2.4
Moses Prays for a Revelation
of God s Glory
(33:18-23) ................................................. 99
3.
The Renewal of the Covenant Relationship
(34:1-35) ............... 100
3.1
Forgiveness and Renewal
of the Covenant
(34:1-10) .................................................. 100
3.2
The Radiant Face of Moses
(34:29-35) .............................. 102
4.
Echoes of the Narrative of the Golden Calf
................................ 103
4.1
Pedagogic-Critical Role
of the Episode in Deuteronomy
9:7—10:11 ......................... 105
4.2
Echoes in Earlier Jewish
and Christian Interpretations
.............................................. 107
4.3
Critical Assessment of Biblical
and Postbiblical Interpretations
.......................................... 108
V. Is There a Doctrine of Collective Retribution
in the Hebrew Bible?
....................................................................... 110
1.
The Structure and Semantics of the
Collective Retribution Formula
.............................................. 114
1.1
Exodus
34:6-7 .................................................................... 114
1.2
Numbers
14:18 .................................................................... 118
1.3
Jeremiah
32:18 .................................................................... 120
1.4
Exodus
20:5-6 (=
Deut
5:9-10) .......................................... 122
1.5
Deuteronomy
7:9-10........................................................... 126
1.6
Conclusion
.......................................................................... 126
2.
The Execution and Rejection of Punishment
for Ancestral Guilt
...................................................................... 128
CONTENTS
VII
2.1
Punishment for
lhe
Iniquity
of the Fathers (Ancestors)
.................................................. 128
2.2
Pronouncement of Collective Punishment
.......................... 134
2.3
Execution of Collective Punishment
................................... 139
2.4
Prohibition of Collective Punishment
................................. 143
2.5
Advocacy of Individual Retribution
.................................... 147
2.6
Conclusion
.......................................................................... 150
3.
Operation of Natural Law Implies Collective
or Inherited Punishment
............................................................. 152
3.1
Collective Punishment As a Natural
Consequence of Guilt
......................................................... 152
3.2
The Relation between Collective
and Individual Retribution
.................................................. 156
4.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 158
VI. The Antithesis Blessing
//
Curse and Renewal
(Lev
26
and Deut
28 + 30:1-10) .................................................... 160
1.
The Antithesis: Leviticus
26:3-1
3//I4-39
................................. 163
2.
The Antithesis: Deuteronomy
28:
1-14//1
5-68 .......................... 169
3.
The Promise of Reconciliation and Renewal
............................. 174
3.1
Leviticus
26:40^5 .............................................................. 174
3.2
Deuteronomy
30:1-10......................................................... 177
4.
The Theological Significance of the Texts
................................. 179
4.1
Similarities Arising from Universality
of Experience and Forms of Expression
............................. 180
4.2
Differences Attributable to
Diverse Starting Points and Aims
....................................... 182
VII.
Rewards and Punishments in Deuteronomy
.................................. 185
1.
Rewards for Obedience
.............................................................. 187
2.
Punishments for Disobedience
................................................... 191
3.
The Theological Significance of Rewards
and Punishments
......................................................................... 196
PART TWO: THE FORMER PROPHETS
.......................................... 201
VIII.
Punishment and Forgiveness in the Book of Joshua
.................... 203
1.
The Promise of the Land Is Fulfilled by Divine Mighty Acts
and Judgment (Chapters
1-12) ................................................... 204
1.1
God s Plan and Human Cooperation
(1:1-2:24) ................. 204
1.2
The Camp at
Gilgal
and the
Fall of Jericho
(5:2-6:27) ................................................... 206
1.3
Consequence of a Broken Covenant
(7:1-8:29).................. 209
VIII CONTENTS
1.4
Destruction
of
Hostile Coalitions
and the Covenant
with the Gibeonites
(9:1-11:23) ......................................... 212
2.
Concern over Faithfulness in the Promised Land
(Chapters
22-24) ........................................................................ 217
2.1
Building of an Altar by the Jordan Becomes a Bone
of Contention
(22:1-34) ..................................................... 217
2.2
The Last Words of Joshua
(23:1-16) .................................. 220
2.3
Covenant at Shechem
(24:1-28) ......................................... 221
3.
Conclusion
.......................................................................... 223
IX. Punishment and Forgiveness in the
First Book of Samuel
...................................................................... 225
1.
The Story of Samuel
(1:1-7:1) ................................................... 226
1.1
Eli s House and Samuel (l:l-4:la)
..................................... 226
1.2
The History of the Ark
(4:10-7:1) ...................................... 231
2.
Samuel and Saul
(7:2-15:35)...................................................... 232
2.1
Samuel and the Monarchy
(7:2-12:25) ............................... 233
2.2
The Failings and Rejection of Saul
(13:2-15:35) ............... 239
3.
Saul s Decline and David s Ascendancy
(16:1-31:13) .............. 249
3.1
Saul Tormented by an Evil Spirit,
God
s
Favour
Besto
wed on David
(16:14-23:29) .............. 250
3.2
David, Relenting and Vengeful
(24:1-26:25) ..................... 255
4.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 261
X. Punishment and Forgiveness in the Second Book of Samuel
.......... 264
1.
David under the Blessing
(1:1-8:18) .......................................... 266
1.1
David s Loyalty to Saul after His Death
(1:1-27) .............. 266
1.2
Legitimation of David s Kingship Through a
Test of Right
(2:1-5:5) .................................................... 268
1.3
The Establishment of the Kingdom
in Jerusalem
(5:6-8:14) ...................................................... 273
2.
David under the Curse
(9:1-20:25) ............................................ 275
2.1
David s Crimes and Repentance
(10:1-12:31) ................... 275
2.1.1
David s Affair with Bathsheba
(11:
l-27a)
................ 276
2.1.2
Nathan s Rebuke
(11
:27b-12:25)
.............................. 278
2.2
David Suffers Punishment
to Be Saved
(13:1-20:26) ................................................... 282
2.2.1
Violation, Revenge, and Reconciliation
(13:1-14:33) ........................................................................ 282
2.2.2
Deception and Counter-deception
(15:1-17:23) ........................................................................ 286
2.2.3
Absalom s End and David s Treatment
of the Rebels
(17:24-19:43) ................................................ 290
CONTENTS
IX
3.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 292
XI. The Unconditional Davidic Covenant Within
the Unconditional Covenant with Israel
......................................... 295
1.
The Structure of
2
Samuel
7:1-17
and Its Parallels
................... 296
2.
The Dynastic Promise As a quid pro quo for
David s Righteousness
............................................................... 299
3.
Both the Sinaitic and Davidic Covenants
Are Ultimately Unconditional
.................................................... 303
4.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 308
XII.
The Holy War As Punishment and Protection
.............................. 310
1.
Conflict between God and Other Forces
.................................... 311
1.1
Wars of the Gods in the Cosmic Realm
and the Role of a Divine Assembly
.................................... 311
1.2
Historical Memory of Divine Wars
in the Ancient Near East and in Israel
................................ 317
1.3
An Ally, the God of Israel in Conflict with
the Nations and Their Gods
................................................ 321
1.4
A Taskmaster: the God of Israel in Conflict with
the Rebellious People of Israel
........................................... 324
2.
The Universal Moral Order and Israelite Particularism
.............. 327
2.1
Universal Moral Order and
Interpersonal Relationship
.................................................. 328
2.2
The Prerogative of Israel s Election
.................................... 330
2.3
The Temptation to Be Like Other Nations
.......................... 334
2.4
Identity of Nations and Individuals Established through
Opposition of Right and Wrong
......................................... 335
XIII.
Confession of Sin in the Hebrew Bible and
in the Early Jewish Tradition
........................................................ 339
1.
The Use of a Single Verb in the Confession of Sin
.................... 340
1.1
Confession of Sin Using a Single Verb
in the First Person Singular
................................................ 340
1.2
Confession of Sin Using a Single Verb
in the First Person Plural
.................................................... 345
2.
The Biblical Formula for Confession Using Three
or More Verbs for Sin
................................................................ 347
2.1
Psalm
106:6......................................................................... 347
2.2 1
Kings
8:47 (-2
Chr
6:37) ................................................ 349
2.3
Daniel
9:5 ............................................................................ 350
3.
The Confessional Formula in Extra-biblical Texts
..................... 354
3.1
The Rule of the Community (1QS)
1:24-26 ........................ 355
X
CONTENTS
3.2
The Damascus Document (CD)
20:28-30 .......................... 357
3.3
The Mishnah Tractate Yoma
3:8; 4:2; 6:2 ........................... 358
3.4
The Babylonian Temple Purgation Rite
.............................. 360
4.
Confessions Using Nouns to Denote Sin and
the Order of Terms
..................................................................... 361
4.1
Passages Containing One or Two Nouns
............................ 361
4.2
Passages Containing Three Nouns
...................................... 365
4.3
The Order of Terms Denoting Sin and Controversy
in Later Jewish Sources
...................................................... 366
5.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 370
PART THREE: THE LATTER PROPHETS
....................................... 373
XIV.
Deliverance of the Remnant from Judgment
in the Prophecy of Isaiah
............................................................. 375
1.
Isaiah s Commission to Prevent Repentance
and Announce Destruction
(6:1—13) .......................................... 376
2.
Signs of Deliverance and Judgment
(7:1-17)............................. 381
3.
An Introduction and a Summary (Chapter
1) ............................. 387
4.
The Threat of Judgment in Chapters
2-5
and
8-12 .................... 392
5.
The Threat of Judgment in Chapters
13-23 ............................... 396
6.
The Threat of Judgment in Chapters
28-33 ............................... 399
7.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 403
XV. Rejection and Reconciliation in the Book of Hosea
..................... 406
1.
The Marriage of Hosea (Chapters
1-3) ...................................... 407
1.1
Hosea s Wife and the Names
of the Children
(1:2-2:3) .................................................... 408
1.2
Defection and Reconciliation
(2:4-25) ............................... 410
1.3
Hosea Takes Back His Wife
(3:1-5) ................................... 412
2.
Hosea s Prophecies (Chapters
4-14) .......................................... 413
2.1
Chapters
4-7 ....................................................................... 413
2.2
Chapters
8-11 ..................................................................... 417
2.3
Chapters
12-14 ................................................................... 420
3.
A Synthesis: Unifying Themes in the Book of Hosea
................ 422
XVI.
The Terminology of Punishment and Forgiveness
in the Book of Jeremiah
............................................................... 428
1.
Guilt and Divine Anger
.............................................................. 429
1.1
Words Denoting Guilt
......................................................... 430
1.2
Words Denoting Divine Anger
........................................... 432
2.
God s and Israel s Repentance or Return
................................... 432
2.1
Divine Repentance and the Work of Restoration
................ 433
CONTENTS Xl
2.2
Repentance or
(Re)turning
of
Israel .................................... 436
3.
Words Denoting Judgment and Punishment
............................... 437
4.
Correction, Total Destruction, and the Remnant
........................ 441
4.1
Words
Denotili!.
Correction
................................................ 441
4.2
Words Denoting l otal Destruction
..................................... 442
4.3
Words Denoting the Remnant
............................................. 444
5.
Words Denoting Mercy and Forgiveness
................................... 445
5.1
Words Denoting Mercy
....................................................... 446
5.2
Words Denoting Forgiveness
.............................................. 447
6.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 449
XVII.
A New Covenant Based on Forgiveness
(Jer
31:31-34) ............................................................................. 451
1. The Structure of the Passage Determines
the Meaning of the Terminology
................................................ 452
2.
What Determines the Meaning of the Promise?
......................... 458
XVIII.
Punishment and Mercy in the Book of Ezekiel
......................... 463
1.
The Office of a Watchman
(3:16-21; 33:1-9) ........................... 464
1.1
Ezekiel
3:16-21 .................................................................. 464
1.2
Ezekiel
33:1-9 .................................................................... 465
2.
God s Justice between Punishment
and Forbearance
(16:1-63; 23:1-49) .......................................... 466
2.1
Ezekiel
16:1-63 .................................................................. 466
2.2
Ezekiel
23:1^9 .................................................................. 469
3.
Punishment for a Double Breach of Faith
(17:1-24) .................. 470
4.
Divine Justice and Repentance
(18:1-32; 33:10-20) ................. 474
4.1
Ezekiel
18:1-32 .................................................................. 474
4.2
Ezekiel
33:10-20 ................................................................ 477
5.
Apostasy and Restoration
(20:1—44) .......................................... 478
6.
The New Creation of God s People
(36:16-38; 39:21-29) ................................................................. 480
6.1
Ezekiel
36:16-38 ................................................................ 480
6.2
Ezekiel
39:21-29 ................................................................ 482
7.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 482
XIX.
Forgiveness and the Call to Repentance in
Isaiah
40-66 ................................................................................ 484
1.
Deutero-Isaiah (Chapters
40-55) ............................................... 485
1.1
Forgiveness Is the Foundation
of Deliverance
(40:1-11; 54:1-10) ..................................... 486
1.2
Judgment and the Grace of Forgiveness
(43:22-28) ........... 490
1.3
The Former and the New Things
(48:1-11) ........................ 492
XII
CONTENTS
1.4
The Servant
Voluntarily Bears
the Sins of Others
(52:13-53:12)........................................ 494
2.
Trito-Isaiah (Chapters
56-66) .................................................... 498
2.1
Confessionof Guilt the Way to Salvation
(59:1-21) .......... 499
2.2
Confession of Guilt
and Supplication for Mercy
(63:7-64:11) .......................... 501
2.3
Punishment and Reward
(65:1-1
6a)
................................... 504
3.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 506
XX. Punishment of the Nations and Deliverance
of Israel in the Apocalypse of Isaiah
............................................. 508
1.
Universal Judgment and the Deliverance
of the Remnant
(24:1-26:6) ....................................................... 509
2.
The Guilt of Israel Will Be Expiated
(26:7-27:13) .................... 516
3.
Judgment upon the Nations and the Restoration
of Israel (Chapters
34-35) .......................................................... 521
4.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 523
XXI.
God s Fatherly Correction and the Conversion
of the Nations
............................................................................... 525
1.
The Healing of Egypt through Judgment and the Creation
of a Universal Chosen People: Isaiah
19:16-25 ......................... 526
1.1
The Land of Judah Shall Strike
Terror into Egypt:
19:16-17 ............................................... 528
1.2
Punishment Brings About the Healing
and Conversion of Egypt:
19:18-22 ................................... 529
1.3
The Blessed Community of Egypt, Assyria,
and Israel:
19:23-25 ........................................................... 533
2.
Salvation of the Rebellious Prophet Jonah
and of the Penitent Heathen Sinners
........................................... 535
2.1
Jonah Saved despite His Rebellious Attitude:
Jonah
1-2 ............................................................................ 537
2.2
God Repents of the Doom Proclaimed
—
Jonah
As Rebuke: Jonah
3-4 ........................................................ 542
2.3
Why Is Jonah not Punished for His Disobedience
............... 548
3.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 553
PART FOUR: THE HOLY WRITINGS (HAGIOGRAPHA)
............. 555
XXII.
Reward and Punishment in the Book of Psalms
......................... 557
1.
Condemnation of God s and Israel s Enemies
........................... 558
1.1
Prayer for a Demonstration of the
Righteousness of God: Psalm
5 .......................................... 559
CONTENTS XIII
1.2
Appeal to the Righteous Divine Judge:
Psalm 7 ................. 560
1.3
The Judgment of God: Psalm
9/10 ...................................... 560
1.4
Entreaty That God Enforce Justice
on Earth: Psalm
58 .............................................................. 561
1.5
The Vision of God s Judgment of the
Divine Judges: Psalm
82 .................................................... 563
2.
Wisdom Reflections on Recompense and Retribution
............... 568
2.1
The Blessedness of the Godly Life and the
Futility of Godlessness: Psalm
1 ........................................ 571
2.2
Recompense and Retribution Will Be Meted Out
in Due Season: Psalm
37 .................................................... 576
2.3
The Final Punishment of the Wicked and the
Eternal Union of the Righteous with God: Psalm
73 .......... 582
3.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 587
XXIII.
Mercy and Forgiveness in the Book of Psalms
......................... 590
1.
General Observations
................................................................. 592
1.1
Terminology and Imagery of God s
Mercy and Forgiveness
....................................................... 593
1.2
Relationship between Sin, Retribution
and Forgiveness
.................................................................. 600
2.
Prayer for Forgiveness of Guilt and
Inner Renewal in Psalm
51 ......................................................... 603
2.1
Prayer for Forgiveness of Guilt (Ps
51:3-11) ..................... 605
2.2
Prayer for Inner Renewal (Ps
51:12-19) ............................. 615
2.3
Concluding Considerations
................................................. 621
3.
History of Israel s Apostasy and God s Mercy
.......................... 623
3.1
Psalm
78 .............................................................................. 623
3.2
Psalm
106 ............................................................................ 627
4.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 632
XXIV.
The Limited Validity of Retribution in the Book of Job
.......... 635
1.
Understanding of God s Retribution in the Dialogues
............... 636
1.1
The First Cycle of Dialogues (Chapters
3-11) .................... 636
1.2
The Second Cycle of Dialogues (Chapters
12-20) ............. 637
1.3
The Third Cycle of Dialogues (Chapters
21-28)
and Job s Soliloquy (Chapters
29-31) ................................ 638
1.4
Elihu s Speeches (Chapters
32-37) .................................... 639
2.
A Critical Assessment of the Viewpoints
................................... 640
2.1
Job s Friends Point of View
............................................... 640
2.2
Job s Point of View
............................................................. 642
2.3
God s Answer
—
a Solution to the Problem
......................... 643
XIV
CONTENTS
XXV.
Rewards and Punishments in Proverbs
...................................... 647
1.
Instruction Passages
................................................................... 648
1.1
Chapters
1-4- ....................................................................... 648
1.2
Chapters
5-7 ....................................................................... 652
1.3
Chapters
8-9
and
22:17-24:34............................................ 655
2.
Wisdom Sentences
..................................................................... 659
2.1
Chapters
10:1-22:16 ........................................................... 660
2.2
Chapters
25-29 ................................................................... 664
3.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 667
XXVI.
Qohelet s View of Divine Retribution
...................................... 668
1.
Passages Dealing with Divine Justice
........................................ 668
1.1
All Human Beings Are Faced by the Same Fate:
Death
(1:12-2:26) ............................................................... 669
1.2
There Is an Appropriate Time
for Judgment
(3:16-22) ...................................................... 669
1.3
Moderation in All Things
(7:15-22) ................................... 670
1.4
A Time and a Judgment for All Things
(8:2-9) .................. 672
1.5
Divine Justice Cannot Be Judged on the Basis
of Human Experience
(8:10 9:10) ..................................... 673
1.6
A Warning of Judgment to Come
(11:9; 12:14) ................. 674
2.
A Critical Assessment of the Passages Treated Above
and Their Interpretation
.............................................................. 675
2.1
Divine Justice in the Light of the Book As a Whole
........... 675
2.2
Qohelet in the Light of the Hebrew Bible
........................... 677
XXVII.
Confession of Guilt the Source of Hope
in Lamentations
....................................................................... 679
1.
Guilt and Punishment
................................................................. 680
2.
The Supremacy of God s Mercy
................................................ 685
PART FIVE: THE CONCEPT OF PUNISHMENT
IN ANCIENT GREECE
....................................................................... 689
XXVIII.
Punishment in the Light of the Cosmic and
Social Orders
.......................................................................... 691
1.
The Concepts of a Just Cosmic Order
and a Well-ordered Society in Ancient Near and Far East
......... 691
2.
Cosmological Foundations of Justice in Ancient Greece
........... 694
3.
The Intellectual Foundations of Social Order
in Ancient Greece
....................................................................... 699
4.
From the Collective Conscience to a
Personal Righteousness
.............................................................. 703
CONTENTS
XV
5.
Responsibility and Punishment in Pre-Socratic Writings
........... 706
XXIX.
Plato s and Plutarch s Theories of Punishment
........................ 715
1. Plato s Formal Theory of Punishment
........................................ 715
1.1
The Gorgias
........................................................................ 718
1.2
The Protagoras
................................................................... 720
1.3
The Laws
............................................................................. 721
2.
Plato s Eschatological Myths of Judgment
................................ 724
2.1
The Gorgias
(5233-527Є)
................................................... 724
2.2
The Phaedo
(7803-8408;
106Ы
1-1
15alO)
........................ 725
2.3
The Phaedrus
(24034-24904) ............................................. 727
2.4
The Republic
(613616-62^3) ............................................ 728
2.5
The Laws
............................................................................. 730
3.
Plutarch s Theory of Punishment
............................................... 732
3.1
Reasons for and Advantages of God s Delays
.................... 733
3.2
Punishment Is in Fact Contemporary with the
Offence
............................................................................... 734
3.3
The Punishment of Descendants
......................................... 735
3.4
Plutarch s Arguments in the Light
of the Hebrew Bible
........................................................... 737
PART SIX: COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT IN THE LIGHT
OFMODERN
THEORIES
.................................................................. 739
XXX.
Concepts of Punishment
............................................................ 741
L
Greek and Hebrew Views in the Light
of Modern Theories of Punishment
............................................ 742
1.1
The Utilitarian Theory of Punishment
................................ 743
1.2
The Retributive Theory of Punishment
............................... 745
1.3
The Chief Aim of Retributive Punishment:
Subjugation of the Offender
............................................... 746
1.4
Ontological and Moral Foundations
of Forgiveness and Mercy
.................................................. 748
2.
Natural Processes of Retribution in the Light
of Interpersonal Relationships
.................................................... 749
2.1
God s Indirect and Direct Retribution in the
Light of His Absoluteness
.................................................. 750
2.2
The Rational and Irrational
in a Teleological Universe
.................................................. 753
2.3
Analogy between Cosmic (Dis)Order and
(Dis)Harmony in the Soul
.................................................. 756
3.
The Unwritten (or Natural) Law and the Written Law
............... 759
XVI CONTENTS
3.1
The Relationship between Creation,
Election, and Covenant
....................................................... 760
3.2
The Inclinations of Human Nature
and Their Recognition
........................................................ 762
3.3
Reasons for Revelation of a Personal God
and of the Law
.................................................................... 764
XXXI.
Concepts of Forgiveness
........................................................... 767
1.
Definitions of Forgiveness and Related Terms
.......................... 769
2.
Forgiveness and Mercy in the Light of
Justice Considered As a Virtue
................................................... 772
3.
Principled Reasons for Forgiveness and Mercy
......................... 775
3.1
Human Fundamental Dignity
.............................................. 775
3.2
Human Basic Imperfection
................................................. 777
3.3
The Remedial Effects of Forgiveness and Mercy
............... 779
4.
Moral Reasons for Forgiveness and Mercy
................................ 780
5.
Conclusion
.................................................................................. 782
General Conclusions
............................................................................. 784
1.
Conclusions Concerning Reward; Summary
.............................. 785
2.
Conclusions Concerning Punishment; Summary
....................... 789
3.
Conclusions Concerning Forgiveness; Summary
....................... 792
4.
Universality of the Issues: Philosophy
....................................... 796
4.1
Baruch Spinoza on Reasons for Obedience
........................ 797
4.2
Inherent Absolute Judgment of Value
and Human Responsibility
.................................................. 800
4.3
Intrinsic Operation of Reward and Punishment
.................. 803
5.
Universality of the Issues: Literature
.......................................... 806
5.1
The Universality of Sin, the Problem of Repentance,
and Purity of Heart
............................................................. 807
5.2
The Ultimate Reason for God s Mercy
and Forgiveness
.................................................................. 814
Bibliography
......................................................................................... 817
1.
Hermeneutics, Literary Criticism, and Semantics
...................... 817
2.
Responsibility, Freedom, Justice/Righteousness, Blessing
Reward, Guilt, Sin, Punishment, Curse, Repentance,
Antonement, Mercy, Forgiveness, and Reconciliation
............... 819
Indexes
.................................................................................................. 859
Index of Sources
.............................................................................. 861
Index of Authors
.............................................................................. 919
Index of Subjects
............................................................................. 938
|
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| author | Krašovec, Jože 1944- |
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| discipline | Theologie / Religionswissenschaften |
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| geographic_facet | Israel Altertum |
| id | DE-604.BV012727788 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:32:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9004114432 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008653842 |
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| physical | XXXVI, 957 S. |
| psigel | HUB-TE133200901 |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | Brill |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | [Vetus Testamentum / Supplements] |
| spelling | Krašovec, Jože 1944- Verfasser (DE-588)123338174 aut Reward, punishment, and forgiveness the thinking and beliefs of ancient Israel in the light of Greek and modern views by Jože Krašovec Leiden [u.a.] Brill 1999 XXXVI, 957 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier [Vetus Testamentum / Supplements] 78 Bibel Altes Testament (DE-588)4001515-4 gnd rswk-swf Vergeltung (DE-588)4187705-6 gnd rswk-swf Sündenvergebung (DE-588)4058491-4 gnd rswk-swf Versöhnung (DE-588)4063213-1 gnd rswk-swf Strafe (DE-588)4057785-5 gnd rswk-swf Israel Altertum (DE-588)4072956-4 gnd rswk-swf Bibel Altes Testament (DE-588)4001515-4 u Vergeltung (DE-588)4187705-6 s Strafe (DE-588)4057785-5 s Versöhnung (DE-588)4063213-1 s DE-604 Israel Altertum (DE-588)4072956-4 g Sündenvergebung (DE-588)4058491-4 s Supplements] [Vetus Testamentum 78 (DE-604)BV000006501 78 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008653842&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Krašovec, Jože 1944- Reward, punishment, and forgiveness the thinking and beliefs of ancient Israel in the light of Greek and modern views Bibel Altes Testament (DE-588)4001515-4 gnd Vergeltung (DE-588)4187705-6 gnd Sündenvergebung (DE-588)4058491-4 gnd Versöhnung (DE-588)4063213-1 gnd Strafe (DE-588)4057785-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4001515-4 (DE-588)4187705-6 (DE-588)4058491-4 (DE-588)4063213-1 (DE-588)4057785-5 (DE-588)4072956-4 |
| title | Reward, punishment, and forgiveness the thinking and beliefs of ancient Israel in the light of Greek and modern views |
| title_auth | Reward, punishment, and forgiveness the thinking and beliefs of ancient Israel in the light of Greek and modern views |
| title_exact_search | Reward, punishment, and forgiveness the thinking and beliefs of ancient Israel in the light of Greek and modern views |
| title_full | Reward, punishment, and forgiveness the thinking and beliefs of ancient Israel in the light of Greek and modern views by Jože Krašovec |
| title_fullStr | Reward, punishment, and forgiveness the thinking and beliefs of ancient Israel in the light of Greek and modern views by Jože Krašovec |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reward, punishment, and forgiveness the thinking and beliefs of ancient Israel in the light of Greek and modern views by Jože Krašovec |
| title_short | Reward, punishment, and forgiveness |
| title_sort | reward punishment and forgiveness the thinking and beliefs of ancient israel in the light of greek and modern views |
| title_sub | the thinking and beliefs of ancient Israel in the light of Greek and modern views |
| topic | Bibel Altes Testament (DE-588)4001515-4 gnd Vergeltung (DE-588)4187705-6 gnd Sündenvergebung (DE-588)4058491-4 gnd Versöhnung (DE-588)4063213-1 gnd Strafe (DE-588)4057785-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bibel Altes Testament Vergeltung Sündenvergebung Versöhnung Strafe Israel Altertum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008653842&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000006501 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT krasovecjoze rewardpunishmentandforgivenessthethinkingandbeliefsofancientisraelinthelightofgreekandmodernviews |