Free radicals and iron: chemistry, biology, and medicine
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
1998
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 242 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0198558929 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804127349989441536 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
PARTI 1
1 A dedication, some history, and a brief overview 3
1.1 Overview 3
1.2 Biography of H. J. H. Fenton 3
Further reading 5
2 Free radicals 6
2.1 Overview 6
2.2 When is it a radical? 6
2.3 When is it free? 6
2.4 Why are most radicals transient? 7
2.5 How are radicals generated? 8
2.5.1 Thermolysis 8
2.5.2 Photolysis 8
2.5.3 Ionizing radiation 9
2.5.4 Redox reactions 10
2.5.5 The Fenton reaction 11
2.5.6 Chain reactions 11
2.5.7 Mechanical generation 12
2.6 How do you know that it is a radical process? 12
Further reading 12
3 Oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and water 13
3.1 Overview 13
3.2 Introduction 13
3.3 Abundance of oxygen 13
3.4 Water 15
3.5 One and two electron reactions 16
3.6 Hydrogen peroxide—the role of proton transfer 18
3.7 The water hydrogen peroxide couple 19
3.8 Hydrogen radicals 20
3.9 The hydrogen peroxide oxygen couple 20
3.10 The superoxide ion 22
3.11 Singlet oxygen 23
3.12 Hypochlorous acid 23
References 24
Further reading 24
viii CONTENTS
4 Iron valence states and ligands 25
4.1 Overview 25
4.2 Introduction 25
4.3 Abundance of iron 25
4.4 Valence states of iron 27
4.4.1 Simple molecular orbital description of
ligand binding 27
4.4.2 Closed shell ligands 28
4.4.3 Diatomic and related ligands 29
4.5 Are such conventions of use? 29
4.6 High or low spin 30
4.7 The Back Chatt effect 31
4.8 Bi and polydentate ligands 31
4.8.1 EDTA and DETAPAC 32
4.8.2 Chromogenic iron chelators 33
4.9 Haem complexes 34
4.9.1 Some ambiguities—the 6th ligand 36
4.9.2 Dioxygen 36
4.9.3 Nitric oxide 37
References 38
Further reading 38
5 The Fenton reaction 40
5.1 Overview 40
5.2 Introduction to the Fenton reaction 40
5.3 The two major mechanisms 40
5.4 A mechanistic overview 41
5.5 The case for OH 44
5.5.1 Are outer sphere reactions possible? 45
5.6 The case for iron(IV) 46
5.7 Other metals 46
5.7.1 The titanium (III)/(IV) couple 46
5.7.2 The copper (II)/(I) couple 49
5.8 Other peroxides 50
5.9 Reactions of primary radicals 51
5.10 The Fenton reaction in membranes 53
5.10.1 The chain process 53
5.10.2 Do hydroxyl radicals initiate directly? 54
5.10.3 Alternatives to hydroxyl radicals 55
5.11 A note on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide 55
5.11.1 The Haber Weiss reaction 56
5.11.2 The Bray Gorin reaction 57
5.12 Coda 57
References 59
CONTENTS ix
Further reading 59
PART II 61
6 Natural iron ligands 63
6.1 Biological ligands 63
6.2 Iron binding siderophores and antibiotics 63
6.3 Iron porphyrin systems 64
6.3.1 Haemoglobin and myoglobin 64
6.3.2 Bilirubin and free radicals 65
6.3.3 Cytochrome P 450 65
6.3.4 Haemoglobin and myoglobin as catalysts or
promotors of free radical reactions 67
6.4 Ferritin and haemosiderin 68
6.4.1 Mobilization of iron from ferritin 71
6.4.2 Ferritin and haemosiderin as promoters or
inhibitors of free radical reactions 72
6.5 Transferrins and lactoferrin 73
6.5.1 Transferrins as free radical catalysts or
promotors of free radical reactions 75
6.6 Iron sulfur clusters 77
6.6.1 Aconitase 78
6.7 Low molecular mass iron complexes in biological systems 78
6.7.1 Simple iron chelates as catalysts and
stimulators of free radical reactions 79
6.7.2 Limitations of the bleomycin assay 80
6.8 Haptoglobins and haemopexin 89
6.9 Iron iron couples 89
6.9.1 Methane mono oxygenase (MMO) 89
6.10 Iron copper couples 92
6.10.1 Cytochrome oxidase 92
References 93
Further reading 97
7 Protection against superoxide, hydrogen peroxide,
and ferrous ions 98
7.1 Oxidative stress 98
7.2 Superoxide dismutases 98
7.2.1 The copper zinc enzyme 99
7.2.2 The manganese enzymes 100
7.2.3 The iron enzymes 101
7.3 Catalase and peroxidases 102
7.3.1 Catalase 102
7.3.2 Manganese containing catalases 103
X CONTENTS
7.3.3 Glutathione peroxidase 104
7.4 Ferrous oxidases 105
7.4.1 Caeruloplasmin: the major human plasma
ferroxidase 105
7.4.2 Xanthine oxidase 107
7.5 Non specific hydroxyl radical scavenging:
a biological lottery? 108
References 110
Further reading 111
8 Superoxide, peroxides, and iron in biological systems 113
8.1 Damaging and useful roles 113
8.2 Iron control and use 113
8.2.1 Biological antioxidants 113
8.2.2 Antioxidants and intracellular signalling 114
8.2.3 Iron as a signal molecule 115
8.2.4 Antioxidants and membrane signalling 119
8.2.5 Antioxidants and extracellular signalling 120
8.3 Superoxide control and use 122
8.3.1 Some reactions of O 2^ 123
8.3.2 Reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide 123
8.4 Hydrogen peroxide control and use 125
8.4.1 Mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide toxicity 126
8.5 Hydroxyl radical control and use 126
8.6 Desferrioxamine as a probe for hydroxyl radicals 127
8.6.1 Is desferrioxamine specific as an inhibitor of
iron dependent radical reactions? 128
8.6.2 Iron and chelator concentrations 129
8.7 EDTA and free radical reactions 130
8.7.1 EDTA as a promotor of iron dependent hydroxyl
radical formation 131
8.7.2 EDTA in lipid peroxidation reactions 131
8.7.3 Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DETAPAC)
in radical reactions 132
8.7.4 Generation of hydroxyl radicals by
ferric EDTA, and inhibition by
superoxide dismutases 132
References 134
Further reading 136
9 Iron and human disease 138
9.1 Body iron stores 138
9.1.1 Iron withdrawal as a biological defence 139
9.2 Iron overload 140
9.2.1 Primary overload 140
CONTENTS xi
9.2.2 Secondary (acquired) overload 140
9.2.3 Transient plasma iron overload 141
9.3 Iron and cancer 141
9.3.1 Iron and antitumour antibiotics 144
9.4 Iron and heart disease 147
9.4.1 Atherosclerosis and oxidation of lipoproteins
by metal ions 148
9.4.2 Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery 150
9.5 Iron and neurodegenerative diseases 154
9.5.1 Iron and brain development 155
9.5.2 Iron aluminium synergism in free radical reactions 155
9.5.3 Cerebrospinal fluid iron 156
9.5.4 Central nervous system: trauma, ischaemia,
and disease 157
9.5.5 Parkinson s disease 157
9.5.6 Alzheimer s disease 157
9.5.7 Batten s disease 158
9.5.8 Abetalipoproteinaemia 158
9.6 Iron and rheumatoid arthritis 159
9.7 Iron, organ damage, and diabetes 160
References 160
Further reading 165
10 Biological measurements and fingerprints of radical
and related damage 167
10.1 Overview 167
10.2 Aromatic hydroxylation 167
10.3 DNA structure and damage 167
10.3.1 Ribonucleotide reductase and DNA synthesis 170
10.3.2 Hydroxyl radical damage to DNA 171
10.4 Protein structure and damage 173
10.4.1 Metal ion dependent damage to proteins 174
10.5 Lipid structure and damage 178
10.5.1 The non enzymatic role of iron in lipid
peroxidation 181
10.5.2 The enzymatic role of iron in lipid
peroxidation: cyclo oxygenase and lipoxygenase 182
References 188
Further reading 189
APPENDICES 191
Al List of Fen ton s publications 193
Xii CONTENTS
A2 Oxidation of tartaric acid in presence of iron.
H. J. H. Fenton. /. Chem. Soc, 1895, 65, 899 910. 197
A3 Movement of electrons and protons 209
A3.1 Introduction 209
A3.2 Electron transfer in proteins 209
A3.3 Electron movement in DNA 210
A3.4 Proton movement 210
References 210
Further reading 211
A4 The use of spectroscopic techniques in the detection of
free radical intermediates 212
A4.1 Introduction 212
A4.2 Spectroscopy 213
A4.3 When is ESR spectroscopy useful? 214
A4.4 Shifts—the g value 214
A4.5 Electron nuclear hyperfine coupling 216
A4.6 Line widths and averaging 219
A4.7 Some examples 219
A4.7.1 The tyrosyl radical 219
A4.7.2 The ascorbyl radical 220
A4.7.3 Radicals and unresolved spectra 221
A4.8 Spin traps 222
A4.9 Redox reactions of nitroxyl radicals 225
A4.10 Spin labels 226
A4.ll Some aspects of the ESR spectra of iron(III) complexes 226
A4.11.1 ESR spectra for Fe(III) complexes 228
A4.11.2 Low spin complexes 229
References 230
Further reading 231
A5 Reduction potentials 232
A5.1 Introduction 232
A5.2 Definitions 232
A5.3 Comparison with ionization potentials and
electron affinities 233
A5.4 Role of solvation 233
A5.5 Proton gain and loss 235
A5.6 1 Electron versus 2 electron processes 236
A5.7 Conclusions 237
References 237
Index 239
|
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| spelling | Symons, Martyn C. Verfasser aut Free radicals and iron chemistry, biology, and medicine M. C. R. Symons and J. M. C. Gutteridge Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 1998 XII, 242 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Fer - Effets physiologiques ram Fer - Physiopathologie ram Oxygène actif dans l'organisme ram Radicaux libres (chimie) - Physiopathologie ram Freies Radikal (DE-588)4137149-5 gnd rswk-swf Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd rswk-swf Pathophysiologie (DE-588)4044898-8 gnd rswk-swf Eisen (DE-588)4014002-7 gnd rswk-swf Freies Radikal (DE-588)4137149-5 s Pathophysiologie (DE-588)4044898-8 s DE-604 Eisen (DE-588)4014002-7 s Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 s Gutteridge, John M. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008623871&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Symons, Martyn C. Gutteridge, John M. Free radicals and iron chemistry, biology, and medicine Fer - Effets physiologiques ram Fer - Physiopathologie ram Oxygène actif dans l'organisme ram Radicaux libres (chimie) - Physiopathologie ram Freies Radikal (DE-588)4137149-5 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd Pathophysiologie (DE-588)4044898-8 gnd Eisen (DE-588)4014002-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4137149-5 (DE-588)4045981-0 (DE-588)4044898-8 (DE-588)4014002-7 |
| title | Free radicals and iron chemistry, biology, and medicine |
| title_auth | Free radicals and iron chemistry, biology, and medicine |
| title_exact_search | Free radicals and iron chemistry, biology, and medicine |
| title_full | Free radicals and iron chemistry, biology, and medicine M. C. R. Symons and J. M. C. Gutteridge |
| title_fullStr | Free radicals and iron chemistry, biology, and medicine M. C. R. Symons and J. M. C. Gutteridge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Free radicals and iron chemistry, biology, and medicine M. C. R. Symons and J. M. C. Gutteridge |
| title_short | Free radicals and iron |
| title_sort | free radicals and iron chemistry biology and medicine |
| title_sub | chemistry, biology, and medicine |
| topic | Fer - Effets physiologiques ram Fer - Physiopathologie ram Oxygène actif dans l'organisme ram Radicaux libres (chimie) - Physiopathologie ram Freies Radikal (DE-588)4137149-5 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd Pathophysiologie (DE-588)4044898-8 gnd Eisen (DE-588)4014002-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Fer - Effets physiologiques Fer - Physiopathologie Oxygène actif dans l'organisme Radicaux libres (chimie) - Physiopathologie Freies Radikal Physiologie Pathophysiologie Eisen |
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