New techniques in body MR imaging:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America
7,2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV S., S. 209 - 424 Ill., graph. Darst. |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a New techniques in body MR imaging |c E. Kent Yucel, guest ed. |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America |v 7,2 | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Angiographie | |
| 650 | 2 | |a Technique d'imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Magnetic Resonance Angiography | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Magnetic Resonance Imaging | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804127304490680320 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | NEW TECHNIQUES IN BODY MR IMAGING
CONTENTS
Foreword xi
Scott A. Mirowitz
Preface xiii
E. Kent Yucel
Color Plate xv
Whole Body MR Imaging: Practical Issues, Clinical
Applications, and Future Directions 209
Stephen J. Eustace, Richard Walker,
Michael Blake and E. Kent Yucel
The idea of noninvasive, rapid method of whole body imaging always
has been attractive but, apparently, impractical. Developments in MR
imaging, including accelerated methods of tissue excitation and improved,
faster methods of localizing induced signal now allow rapid image acquisi¬
tion and pave the way for MR imaging as a practical whole body screening
tool. This article reviews developments in pulse sequence design and
gradient technology that facilitate rapid imaging, potential and practical
imaging methods, and describes both proven and potential applications
for this technique.
SMASH Imaging 237
Daniel K. Sodickson, Mark A. Griswold, and Peter M. Jakob
SMASH imaging is a new MR imaging technique that can be used to
multiply the speed of existing imaging sequences. It operates by using an
array of radiofrequency (RF) detection coils to perform some of the spatial
encoding normally accomplished with magnetic field gradients. The speed
of the SMASH technique results from appropriate combinations of coil
array RF signals in which multiple lines of image data are gathered
simultaneously, rather than one after another. SMASH can be used in
conjunction with most rapid imaging sequences, including EPI, resulting
in multiplicative gains in imaging speed. This article reviews the basic
MRI CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
principles of SMASH imaging, outlines requirements for practical imple¬
mentation, and presents a variety of in vivo results, highlighting ways in
which SMASH may be used to increase imaging speed and to improve
image quality for clinical MR imaging applications.
New MR Imaging Contrast Agents 255
James P. Earls and David A. Bluemke
Many new MR contrast agents are undergoing laboratory development,
are in clinical trials, or are being used for routine clinical applications.
These agents function by targeting specific receptors that allow the agent
to accumulate within the reticuloendothelial system, the hepatobiliary
system, or the blood pool. Each agent has unique properties that offer
advantages over unenhanced and gadolinium chelate enhanced MR im¬
aging. Use of these agents, however, requires an understanding of their
current and potential clinical indications and inherent limitations. This
article reviews the development, evaluation, and clinical application of a
number of these agents, including ferumoxides, Mn DPDP, AMI 227, SHU
555A, Gd EOB/DTPA, Gd BOPTA, and MS 325.
Clinical Applications of Half Fourier (HASTE) MR Sequences
in Abdominal Imaging 275
Fintan Regan
Newer MR imaging sequences provide greater anatomic detail owing to
reduced patient respiration and motion related artifact. HASTE MR im¬
aging is a versatile technique with multiple applications in abdominal
imaging. HASTE allows rapid multiplanar imaging unaffected by breath¬
ing or motion artifact. These T2 weighted sequences are particularly effec¬
tive in MR cholangiography and MR urography where data can be manip¬
ulated into impressive three dimensional images. New observations with
HASTE MR imaging include the presence of MR high signal that occurs
around the acutely obstructed kidney and in acute cholecystitis. A less
well established role is in gastrointestinal imaging where the patient s
intrinsic bowel fluid acts as a potent contrast medium and where small
bowel obstruction may be evaluated rapidly and noninvasively.
Motion Artifact Control in Body MR Imaging 289
Matthew A. Barish and Hernan Jara
Diagnostic MR imaging of the abdomen requires multiple MR sequences
of various organs; each of the sequences has a different time scale of data
acquisition and image contrast and therefore requires a different method
for controlling image degradation due to motion. This article discusses the
pertinent characteristics of macroscopic motion in body MR imaging, the
common resulting artifacts, and the methods used to minimize the arti¬
facts.
Black Blood MR Angiography: Techniques and Clinical
Applications 303
Hernan Jara and Matthew A. Barish
Black blood (BB) magnetic resonance (BB MR) angiography refers to a
group of flow sensitive techniques in which the image density of flowing
blood is stongly attenruated while the image intensity of extraluminal,
surrounding tissues is maximized. Several clinical BB contrast techniques
are described and analyzed in the first half of the article. Two main groups
of BB MR techniques are identified: flow disrupted BB MR angiography
(in which BB contrast is produced by the imaging pulse sequence itself);
and inflow BB MR angiography (which uses prepulses to selectively affect
a volume upstream for the imaging volume, thus generating a BB bolus).
The second half of the article reviews published clinical findings obtained
with these techniques and presents those findings in anatomical order,
from head to feet.
Advances in Abdominal, Aortic, and Peripheral Contrast
Enhanced MR Angiography 319
Helen M. Fenlon and E. Kent Yucel
This article reviews the basic principles of contrast enhanced MR angiogra¬
phy, including methods used for sequence optimization and bolus timing,
and describes clinical applications of contrast enhanced MR angiography
in the aortic, abdominal, and peripheral arteries. Novel MR angiography
imaging techniques also are described, including moving table top MR
angiography, MR fluoroscopy, and time resolved MR angiography.
MR Guided Therapy: Applications in the Abdomen 337
David S. K. Lu, Stuart G. Silverman, and Steven S. Raman
This article provides an overview of current abdominal interventional
applications that use MR imaging guidance and monitoring for diagnostic
biopsies, tumor ablations and—owing to the development of new pulse
sequences—monitoring the ablation process, and aspiration and drainage
of fluid collections. These applications are optimal for patients with lesions
that can be localized only by MR imaging or for lesions in suboptimal
locations such as the dome of the liver.
Virtual Endoscopy in Abdominal MR Imaging 349
Simon Wildermuth and Jorg F. Debatin
The availability of fast three dimensional MR image acquisitions opens up
new means with which to view the underlying MR imaging data. Virtual
endoscopy of tubular structures represents one such avenue. This article
describes the underlying technical factors of virtual endoscopy and ex¬
plores the clinical potential for three possible applications in the abdomen:
virtual angioscopy, virtual colonoscopy, and virtual gastroscopy.
Coronary MR Angiography 365
Pamela K. Woodard, Debiao Li, Jie Zheng,
E. Mark Haacke, and Robert J. Gropler
Coronary MR angiography has developed rapidly over the past several
years. Research is being conducted at academic centers, and industry is
investing in dedicated contrast agents and cardiac MR imaging platforms.
Although its present clinical application is limited, the use of coronary MR
angiography in the assessment of ischemic cardiac disease is evolving.
The technology under investigation holds much promise, particularly MR
imaging s potential to provide information currently supplied by per¬
forming a number of screening tests. Issues that are being addressed to
make MR angiography ready for routine clinical use include (1) improve¬
ment of signal to noise and contrast to noise ratios with both intravascular
and extracellular contrast agents, (2) improvements in spatial resolution,
and (3) shortening the length of time of the MR examination.
Ventilation Perfusion MR Imaging of the Lung 379
Hiroto Hatabu, Qun Chen, David L. Levin,
Eiji Tadamura, and Robert R. Edelman
The assessment of regional ventilation in human lungs is important for the
diagnosis and evaluation of a variety of pulmonary disorders, including
pulmonary emphysema, diffuse lung disease (e.g., sarcoidosis, and pulmo¬
nary fibrosis), lung cancer, and pulmonary embolism. This article intro¬
duces new MR imaging techniques of pulmonary ventilation and perfu
sion that will provide a framework for assessing regional pulmonary
functions of the lung.
Pulmonary MR Angiography 393
James F. M. Meaney and Martin R. Prince
Imaging of the pulmonary vasculature with inflow MR imaging is
difficult both to perform and interpret. Over the last few years, however,
a greater understanding of contrast enhanced techniques and the availabil¬
ity of fast gradient performance have facilitated the development of high
resolution breath hold images with high contrast to noise ratios. Increasing
clinical experience with these contrast enhanced techniques suggests a
likely role for MR angiography in investigating patients with a variety of
pulmonary vasculature disorders, including pulmonary embolism, pulmo¬
nary hypertension and arterio venous malformation.
Vascularity Assessment of Breast Lesions with
Gadolinium Enhanced MR Imaging 411
Nola M. Hylton
Gadolinium enhanced MR imaging techniques can be used to assess both
breast tumor morphology and vascularity. Pharmacokinetic models can be
used to extract physiological parameters related to tumor vascularity from
signal intensity time curves. This article describes an empirical method,
using three point high resolution MR imaging, that also provides assess¬
ment of tumor vascularity. These techniques appear to improve diagnostic
specificity of breast MR imaging and provide a noninvasive method for
tumor characterization that may have prognostic value.
Index 421
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