Clinical aspects of human milk and lactation:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Clinics in perinatology
26,2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV S., S. 251 - 547 Ill., graph. Darst. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | i CLINICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN
I MILK AND LACTATION
t
CONTENTS
Preface xi
Carol L. Wagner and Dilip M. Purohit
Physiology of Lactation 251
Margaret C. Neville
The physiology of human lactation is described with secretions
on mammary gland anatomy and development, the mechanisms
of milk secretion and ejection, and the temporal sequence of
events during the transition from pregnancy to lactation (lacto
genesis). Finally, interactions between lactation and maternal me¬
tabolism are briefly described and the interaction of lactation with
fertility discussed.
Clinical Aspects of Lactation: Promoting Breastfeeding
Success 281
Marianne R. Neifert
Human milk is universally recognized as the preferred nutrition
for infants. Exclusive breastfeeding is ideal for approximately 6
months of life, and continued breastfeeding complemented by
solid foods is recommended throughout the baby s first year, and
longer if desired. This article offers counseling strategies to help
physicians promote successful breastfeeding, beginning with ef¬
fective prenatal education and a screening breast exam to detect
lactation risk factors. Optimal initiation of breastfeeding is re¬
viewed, including supportive hospital practices, correct breast¬
feeding technique, and the regulation of milk production. The
early follow up of the breastfeeding infant and criteria for as¬
sessing the successful initiation of breastfeeding are discussed.
Practical strategies are offered for preventing and managing com¬
mon lactation difficulties, such as postpartum breast engorge
CUNICS IN PERflMATOLOGY
VOLUME 26 • NUMBER 2 • JUNE 1999 V
merit, sore nipples, mastitis, maternal employment, and impaired
let down.
Nutritional and Biochemical Properties of Human Milk,
Part I: General Aspects, Proteins, and Carbohydrates 307
Clemens Kunz, Maria Rodriquez Palmero,
Berthold Koletzko, and Robert Jensen
Human milk from healthy and well nourished mothers is the
preferred form of feeding for all newborn infants. Its uniqueness
lays in the content of all nutrients necessary to support normal
growth and development of the infant and the presence of a
number of other bioactive compounds physiologically relevant
for the infant. In this article, the general characteristics of human
milk and recent knowledge about the compositional and func¬
tional aspects of human milk proteins and carbohydrates are
reviewed, emphasizing areas of current interest of biochemistry
and lactational physiology and the effects of breastfeeding on the
recipient infant.
Nutritional and Biochemical Properties of Human Milk,
Part II: Lipids, Micronutrients, and Bioactive Factors 335
Maria Rodriquez Palmero, Berthold Koletzko,
Clemens Kunz, and Robert Jensen
During the last decade, the physiological functions of lipids in
human milk have received great attention. Some areas of recent
investigation are the role of long chain polyunsaturated fatty
acids in the mental and visual development of neonates and the
relevance of the triglyceride structure in fat absorption. Human
milk also contains essential micronutrients such as minerals and
vitamins that have relevant function in the neonate. Moreover,
the wide spectrum of bioactive factors, such as enzymes, growth
factors, and hormones, which confer uniqueness to human milk,
have a relevant role in protecting the infant against infections and
other diseases. The amounts of these components in human milk,
the factors that affect their concentration, and their biological
effects in the neonate infant are reviewed in this article.
Expression of Functional Immunomodulatory and
Anti inflammatory Factors in Human Milk 361
Roberto P. Garofalo and Armond S. Goldman
Human milk contains a wealth of components that can directly
modulate the immunological development as well as the antimi¬
crobial defenses of the recipient infant without inducing un¬
wanted inflammatory responses. The presence of these immuno¬
modulatory and anti inflammatory factors in human milk suggests
a coordinated evolution of the development of the immune sys
VI , CONTENTS
tern of the infant and the ability of the mother to produce and
secrete immune factors from the mammary gland. This article
reviews some of the major findings related to the presence and
function of immunomodulatory and anti inflammatory factors in
human milk.
The Use of Human Milk and Breastfeeding in
Premature Infants 379
Richard J. Schanler, Nancy M. Hurst, and Chantal Lau
Human milk is beneficial in the management of premature in¬
fants. The beneficial effects generally relate to improvements in
host defenses, digestion, and absorption of nutrients, gastrointes¬
tinal function, neurodevelopment, and maternal psychological
well being. The use of fortified human milk generally provides
the premature infant adequate growth, nutrient retention, and
biochemical indices of nutritional status when fed at approxi¬
mately 180 mL/kg/day compared with unfortified human milk.
Human milk can only support the needs of the premature infant if
adequate milk volumes are produced. Intensive efforts at lactation
support are desirable. Therefore, neonatal centers should encour¬
age the feeding of fortified human milk for premature infants
along with skin to skin contact as a reasonable method to enhance
milk production and promote success with early breastfeeding,
while potentially facilitating the development of an enteromam
mary response.
Slow Weight Gain and Low Milk Supply in the
Breastfeeding DYAD 399
Nancy G. Powers
Maternal perception of insufficient milk is a widespread phenom¬
enon in modern breastfeeding. This article addresses underlying
physiology, feeding patterns, growth patterns, and medical com¬
plications as they impact milk supply and infant growth. The
complexity of mother infant factors leads to a broad differential
diagnosis. Problem oriented management is discussed with the
goal of preventing low milk supply, intervening promptly for
feeding problems, promoting infant growth, and preserving the
breastfeeding relationship.
Jaundice in the Breastfed Infant 431
Lawrence M. Gartner and Kwang sun Lee
The relationship between breastfeeding and jaundice during the
newborn and early infancy period is often confusing. Understand¬
ing the normal synthesis, metabolism, and transport of bilirubin
in the newborn is the underpinning of effective diagnosis and
management of jaundice in the breastfed infant. Breastfeeding
jaundice is the exaggeration of physiologic jaundice of the new
CONTENTS vii
born that occurs when the infant has insufficient milk intake,
usually because of poor breastfeeding initiation and management.
It is the neonatal equivalent of starvation jaundice in the adult.
Breastmilk jaundice is a normal and regularly occurring increase
in serum unconjugated bilirubin, which begins at the end of the
first week of life and may continue for several weeks and even
months thereafter in healthy, thriving infants. An increase in
intestinal bilirubin absorption due to an unidentified factor in
mature human milk is responsible for breastmilk jaundice.
Drugs and Breastfeeding 447
Cynthia R. Howard and Ruth A. Lawrence
Maternal medications pose a common concern for pediatricians
in caring for the breastfed infant. Although current literature
supports the safety or the vast majority of medications during
breastfeeding, at times medications may make it necessary to
temporarily interrupt or discontinue breastfeeding. Also of con¬
cern are the use of herbal remedies and caffeine as well as rela¬
tively contraindicated substances like nicotine and alcohol dur¬
ing breastfeeding. A framework for assessing the safety of
maternal drug usage during breastfeeding and for minimizing
any associated risks to the nursing infant is presented.
Given the Benefits of Breastfeeding, Are There Any
Contraindications? 479
Ruth A. Lawrence and Cynthia R. Howard
There are many benefits to the infant to be breastfed and to the
mother to breastfeed. There are, however, a few conditions where
the tremendous benefit may be outweighed by maternal infection,
disease, drugs, or contaminants as these are rare. HIV is the
only infection that is an absolute contraindication in developed
countries. Galactosemia is the only infant disease and there are a
few medications that are contraindicated.
Health Sequelae of Breastfeeding for the Mother 491
Miriam H. Labbok
Breastfeeding is known to demand use of maternal nutrient
stores, but few comment on the positive health benefits of
breastfeeding for the mother. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of
postpartum blood loss by increasing the rate of uterine contrac¬
tion, lowers the risk of postpartum blood loss by increasing the
rate of utering contraction, lowers the risk of postpartum blood
loss by increasing the rate of uterine contraction, lowers the risk
of premenopausal breast cancer and also reduces the risk of
ovarian cancer, reduces lifetime menstrual blood loss, may reduce
rate or severity of infections, may reduce the risk of spinal and
hip fracture after menopause, and may support bonding with the
viii CONTENTS
infant as well as an improved sense of self esteem and success
with mothering. This article reviews the literature on short and
long term sequelae of breastfeeding for women.
The Breast or the Bottle?: Determinants of Infant
Feeding Behaviors 505
Carol L. Wagner and Mark T. Wagner
As we enter the 21st century, certain forces have emerged that
shape a woman s decision to breastfeed or provide milk substi¬
tutes for her infant. Human lactation appears to be sensitive to a
variety of interrelated psychological factors that include both
individual and group derived beliefs and attitudes, as well as
psychophysiologic mediating mechanisms. This article explores
the known psychological, sociocultural, and physiologic factors
that surround a woman s decision to breastfeed.
Reaching the Goals of Healthy People 2000 Regarding
Breastfeeding 527
Karin Cadwell
The progress made toward reaching the Healthy People 2000
goals with regard to breastfeeding is discussed in the context of
breastfeeding as a public health priority. Included is a review of
the 1990 objectives. An overview of the plans and outcomes of
the year 2000 goals are presented.
Index 539
Subscription Information Inside back cover
CONTENTS IX
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| spelling | Clinical aspects of human milk and lactation Carol L. Wagner ... guest eds. Philadelphia [u.a.] Saunders 1999 XIV S., S. 251 - 547 Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Clinics in perinatology 26,2 Allaitement au sein Borstvoeding gtt Lactation Breast Feeding Breast feeding Milk, Human Säugling (DE-588)4051255-1 gnd rswk-swf Stillen (DE-588)4057578-0 gnd rswk-swf Laktation (DE-588)4166486-3 gnd rswk-swf Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Stillen (DE-588)4057578-0 s Säugling (DE-588)4051255-1 s Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 s DE-604 Laktation (DE-588)4166486-3 s Wagner, Carol L. Sonstige oth Clinics in perinatology 26,2 (DE-604)BV000003382 26,2 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008587439&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Clinical aspects of human milk and lactation Clinics in perinatology Allaitement au sein Borstvoeding gtt Lactation Breast Feeding Breast feeding Milk, Human Säugling (DE-588)4051255-1 gnd Stillen (DE-588)4057578-0 gnd Laktation (DE-588)4166486-3 gnd Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4051255-1 (DE-588)4057578-0 (DE-588)4166486-3 (DE-588)4020754-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Clinical aspects of human milk and lactation |
| title_auth | Clinical aspects of human milk and lactation |
| title_exact_search | Clinical aspects of human milk and lactation |
| title_full | Clinical aspects of human milk and lactation Carol L. Wagner ... guest eds. |
| title_fullStr | Clinical aspects of human milk and lactation Carol L. Wagner ... guest eds. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical aspects of human milk and lactation Carol L. Wagner ... guest eds. |
| title_short | Clinical aspects of human milk and lactation |
| title_sort | clinical aspects of human milk and lactation |
| topic | Allaitement au sein Borstvoeding gtt Lactation Breast Feeding Breast feeding Milk, Human Säugling (DE-588)4051255-1 gnd Stillen (DE-588)4057578-0 gnd Laktation (DE-588)4166486-3 gnd Gesundheit (DE-588)4020754-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Allaitement au sein Borstvoeding Lactation Breast Feeding Breast feeding Milk, Human Säugling Stillen Laktation Gesundheit Aufsatzsammlung |
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