A grammar of Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni: the songhay of Gao, Mali
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Köln
Köppe
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Westafrikanische Studien
19 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 402 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3896451065 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A grammar of Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni |b the songhay of Gao, Mali |c Jeffrey Heath |
| 264 | 1 | |a Köln |b Köppe |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 402 S. |b Kt. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Westafrikanische Studien |v 19 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Langues songhaï - Dialectes - Gao (Mali ; région) - Grammaire |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Surhai (taal) |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grammatik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Koyraboro Senni dialect |x Grammar | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804127271958609920 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS xiii
MAP xv
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Generalizations about Songhay and Koyraboro Senni 1
1.2 History and geography 3
1.3 Format of grammar 4
1.4 Transcriptional Conventions 4
1.5 Literature review 4
1.6 Acknowledgements 6
2 OVERVIEW 8
2.1 Brief outline of typical sentence and NP structures 8
2.2 Distinctive features of Koyraboro Senni 14
2.3 Internal Variation within Koyraboro Senni 16
3 PHONOLOGY 17
3.1 Consonants 17
3.2 Oral vowels 19
3.3 Diphthongs 19
3.3.1 Short-nucleus diphthongs 19
3.3.2 Long-nucleus diphthongs 24
3.4 Nasalized vowels and word-final nasal consonants 25
3.4.1 Nasalized vowels 25
3.4.2 Word-final nasal consonants 27
3.5 Syllabification 27
3.5.1 General restrictions on particular consonants 27
3.5.2 Syllabic shapes of pronouns and grammatical morphemes 28
3.5.3 Syllabic shapes of monosyllabic stems 28
3.5.4 Syllabic shapes of nonmonosyllabic stems and words 28
3.5.5 Final long vowels in nonmonosyllabic stems 29
3.5.6 Nonfinal long vowels in nonmonosyllabic stems 29
3.5.7 Allowed and disallowed medial consonant sequences 29
3.5.8 Stem-initial consonant clusters 31
3.6 Consonantal assimilations and deletions 31
vi Grammar of Koyraboro Senni
3.6.1 Nasal point-of-articulation assimilation 31
3.6.2 Manner assimilation by liquids and nasals 32
3.6.3 Semivowel assimilation 33
3.6.4 Palatalization of velars and alveolars 34
3.6.5 Metathesis and Palatalization-Spreading 35
3.6.6 Syllable-Final Degemination 36
3.7 Vocalic contraction, deletions, and shortening 37
3.7.1 Contractions of vowels over word or morpheme boundaries 37
3.7.2 Semivowel-Deletion (contraction of diphthong plus vowel) 45
3.7.3 Contractions involving nouns plus *woo 46
3.7.4 Syncope 48
3.7.5 Treatment of stem-initial vowels 50
3.7.6 V-Shortening rules and Monophthongization 50
3.8 Minor phonological alternations 54
3.8.1 Forms of personal pronouns 54
3.8.2 Irregulär stem changes before Factitive-Causative -andi 60
3.8.3 Truncated forms of light nouns 60
3.8.4 Phonology of Definite Singular nouns 60
3.8.5 Irregulär stem changes in VO verbs with 3Sg or 3P1 object 68
3.8.6 Compounds of ize child 69
3.8.7 Stem-final e ~ a, o ~a, and similar alternations 70
3.9 Tonology 71
3.10 Historical phonological notes 73
3.10.1 Word-final *wand other labial consonants 73
3.10.2 Stem-final nasals 73
3.10.3 Sibilants 74
3.10.4 Assimilation of *r, *y to a following consonant 74
3.10.5 Palatalization of velars 75
3.10.6 Loss of final short high vowel 75
3.10.7 Shortening of original long high vowel in closed syllable 75
3.10.8 Loss of intervocalic consonants andclusters 76
4 NOUNS, PRONOUNS, AND NOMINAL DERIVATION 77
4.1 Personal pronouns 77
4.1.1 Person and number categories 77
4.1.2 Plural pronominal categories 78
4.1.3 Preference for Pl over Sg pronouns as possessors 78
4.1.4 Subject, preverbal object, and postverbal object forms 79
4.1.5 Forms as postpositional complement and as possessor 80
4.1.6 Forms preceding and following nda and, with 81
4.2 Demonstratives 82
4.2.1 Demonstrative pronoun woo, Pl w-ey 82
4.2.2 Combinations of spatiotemporal noun plus demonstrative 83
4.2.3 Spatial demonstrative adverbs 83
4.2.4 Demonstrative expressions based on yaa 87
Contents vii
4.2.5 Emphatic and approximative modifiers of demonstratives 88
4.3 Nominalizations 88
4.3.1 Abstractive nominals in -yan or -ri 88
4.3.2 Abstractive -i and -ey 94
4.3.3 Zero-derived nominals and minor nominalizations 96
4.3.4 Characteristic nominals (-koyni, -koy, -kom) 98
4.3.5 Participle -anta (-ant-aä) and Ordinal -anta (-ant-oö) 98
4.3.6 Agentive -kow 101
4.4 Morphology of adjectives 101
4.4.1 Verbs of adjectival quality 101
4.4.2 Adjectives as noun modifiers 102
4.4.3 Adjectives and participles as NP heads with Absolute i- 104
4.5 Quantificational adjectives 104
4.5.1 Modifying and absolute forms of simple numerals 104
4.5.2 Compound numerals 105
4.5.3 Reduplicated numerals 106
4.5.4 Other quantificational modifiers 106
4.6 Nominal compounds 107
4.6.1 N-N (tight) and NP-N (loose) compounds 107
4.6.2 Mother and child compounds 108
4.6.3 Male and female compounds 108
4.6.4 Nominals of essential nature (-tarey) 109
4.6.5 Compounds with -jarj-ey lack of 109
4.6.6 Semi-segmentable and compound kin terms 109
4.6.7 Nominal compounds with verb-stem as initial 110
4.6.8 Diminutives 110
4.6.9 Reduced clauses or VPs functioning as nouns 111
4.7 Reduplication of noun and adjective stems 113
5 NOMINAL INFLECTION AND NP SYNTAX 114
5.1 Overview 114
5.2 Possessives 116
5.2.1 Possessors with or without wane - wana 116
5.2.2 Recursive possession 118
5.2.3 Possessives with omitted possessed noun 118
5.2.4 Inalienable possession (kin terms, body parts) 119
5.3 Adjectives 120
5.3.1 Syntax of simple adjectives 120
5.3.2 Sequences of adjectives 121
5.4 Numerals and other quantifiers 121
5.4.1 Simple numeral phrases 121
5.4.2 Existential quantification 121
5.4.3 Universal quantification (kul) 122
5.4.4 Distributive reduplication of numerals 123
5.4.5 Complementary subsets 123
Vlu Grammar of Koyraboro Senni
5.4.6 Generalized quantifiers ( many, much, few ) 124
5.4.7 Currency and time of day 125
5.4.8 Quantification overpronouns 125
5.4.9 Quantification overevents 126
5.4.10 Partitive-like constructions with quantifiers 126
5.4.11 Plural (indefinite) -yan 127
5.5 Definite Sg -oo - -aa and Definite Pl -ey 127
5.6 Demonstrative woo, w-ey. 129
5.7 Anaphoric din 131
5.8 Markers of discourse Status 132
5.8.1 Focus (Foc no and SFoc ka) 132
5.8.2 Topic morphemes 132
5.8.3 Other discourse-functional morphemes 133
5.9 Adpositions and case-marking 134
5.9.1 Unmarked case versus adpositions 134
5.9.2 Dative se 135
5.9.3 Possessive wana ~ wane and Custodial kone 135
5.9.4 Locative ra ~ la 13g
5.9.5 ga on, by and bog ~ bon on 138
5.9.6 doo at the place of, chez 140
5.9.7 Simple and complex postpositions of spatial orientation 141
5.9.8 zaa since and hala until as quasi-prepositions 144
5.9.9 bilaa without j45
5.9.10 Temporal postpositions han-e and waat-e during ... 146
5.10 Apposition 147
5.10.1 Pronouns in apposition to nouns 147
5.11 Instrumental, comitative, and conjoined NPs !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 147
5.11.1 Conjunction of personal pronouns 149
5.11.2 Conjunction of twofüll NPs, orone füll Npändäpronöun.... . 152
5. .3 Instrumental, comitative, and comparative nda phrases 152
5.11.4 nda in Idioms and adverbial phrases 153
5.11.5 NPdisjunction(wa/a or ) !!!!!!!!!!!! 154
5.12 Locational Phrases and Temporal Phrases!!. . . . 155
5.13 Vocatives.... ,,,
156
6 VERBAL VOICE AND VERB DERIVATION 157
6.1 Subcategorization for objects and adpositional ph rase s !!! !!!!!!! 157
6.1.1 Verbs, quasi-verbs, and the referentiality of subject NPs 157
0.1.2 Undenved simple intransitives 159
6.1.3 Undenved simple transitives !!!!!!!!!!!!..!!!.!!! 159
6.1.4 Ditransitives and other verbs with dative... 160
6.1.5 Verbs with non-dative adverbial complements 160
6. .6 Verbs with instrumental-comitative complement (nda) 161
6.1.7 VO verbs
6.1.8 Verbs taking unmarked postverbal NPs!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! 163
Contents ix
6.2 Derived voice forms 164
6.2.1 Zero derivation (simple verb stems with variable valency) 164
6.2.2 Factitive-Causative -andi 164
6.2.3 Mediopassive -a and Unspecified Object -a 166
6.2.4 Mediopassive -andi 167
6.2.5 Fixed combinations of verb plus -nda 168
6.3 Compounds 170
6.3.1 N-V, N-Adj, and (verbalized) N-N compounds 170
6.3.2 Verb-verb compounds 171
6.3.3 Verbal compounds with noun or adverbial as final 171
6.3.4 Verb plus Centripetal -kate 172
6.3.5 Frozen combinations of verb and negation 173
6.4 Verb-stem reduplication 173
7 VPSTRUCTURE 174
7.1 Types of predicates 174
7.1.1 Equational quasi-verb ti and identificational quasi-verb no 174
7.1.2 Locational quasi-verbs goo and sii ~ sii 179
7.1.3 bara exist and impersonal quasi-verb kala - kal 182
7.1.4 Possessive predications 185
7.1.5 Verbless predicates with missing do verb 190
7.2 Mood-aspect-negation (MAN) morphemes 191
7.2.1 Primary MAN morphemes and sequences 192
7.2.2 Perfective and imperfective 193
7.2.3 Presentative constructions 196
7.2.4 Subjunctive ma 198
7.2.5 Future (ti, kaa, /a - ra) 198
7.2.6 Strong perfective qka and na-nka ~ nä ha 201
7.2.7 Strong Imperfective mma - mba (and reduced ma) 208
7.2.8 Marked progressive constructions 211
7.2.9 Transitive na 212
7.3 Imperatives 212
8 DISCOURSE-FUNCTIONAL CONSTRUCTIONS AND
EXTRACTION 215
8.1 Focus constructions 215
8.1.1 Nonsubject focus constructions 216
8.1.2 Subject focus constructions 220
8.1.3 Multiple clauses attached to one focalized constituent 223
8.2 Questions and answers 224
8.2.1 Polar (yes-no) questions and answers 224
8.2.2 WH-questions 228
8.2.3 Composite WH-interrogatives ( how? , why? , when? ) 236
8.2.4 Fronted versus in situ (nonfronted) WH-interrogatives 237
8.2.5 Questions embedded under matrix verbs know , ask , etc 238
8.2.6 Whatchamacallit? 241
x Grammar ofKoyraboro Senni
8.3 Relative clause constructions 241
8.3.1 Relativization of subjectNPs 243
8.3.2 Relativization of objectNPs 244
8.3.3 Relativization of NP complements of postpositions ................244
8.3.4 Relativization ofNP complements of nda 246
8.3.5 Relativization of possessor NP 247
8.3.6 Adverbial relatives without postpositions 250
8.3.7 Multiple relative clauses (conjoined or recursive) .....251
8.3.8 Relativization out of complex syntactic structures 252
8.3.9 Relative clauses separated from the head NP 254
8.3.10 Postpositions and DF morphemes operating on the head NP 254
8.3.11 karj ... when/such that... (abstract adverbial relatives) 255
84 Topic constructions 256
8.4.1 Topical NPs and clauses with binde - bine or zero marki^g 1....257
8.4.2 Use of 3F pronouns 260
8.4.3 Use of weak topic markers key, ta 263
8.5 Emphatics and similatives 265
8.5.1 Simple emphatics (da, hundey) 265
8.5.2 hinne ~ hinna alone, only, immediately , hine 267
8.5.3 kala except 270
8.5.4 not except = only, exclusively ............... ............270
8.5.5 moo also 272
8.5.6 Similative like X (sanda, öine) . ....................... . ...........273
8.5.7 Emphatic dee, yaa, mee, key !.............. 274
8.5.8 Strang emphatics and oaths 278
8.5.9 baa even 278
8.6 Co-occurrence of majordiscourse-functiönäicätegories 279
8.6.1 TopjcplusanotherDFmorphemeonsameconstituent 279
8.6.2 Emphatic plus focus 280
8.6.3 Topic plus focus 281
8.6.4 Multiple topics 281
8.6.5 Relativization and focus ...1 . 281
8.6.6 Relativization and topicality ....! ........ 282
9 SENTENCE-LEVEL SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS... 283
9-1 ObjectNPs 283
9 11 ^laS5iCati°n and Orderin8 of nonsubjectNPs andPPsI 283
y.l.2 Double-object constructions 284
9.1.3 Periphrastic causative or instnimental-co mitätivecönstru ctiön
with ka~ ha 286
9.1.4 Double dative constructions 289
9.1.5 Restarting clauses with heavy preverbal öbjects. . . . . 290
9-2 Adjectival intensifiers Z..
93 Operators and scope Z.,
9-3.1 Typesofadverbials 295
Contents xi
9.3.2 Negation 298
9.3.3 Negation and quantifiers 299
9.3.4 Equivalents of negative polarity items 300
9.3.5 Negation, adverbials ( again , first ), and DF markers 301
9.3.6 Quantification over possessed nouns 302
9.4 Overview of complement clause types 303
9.5 Clause conjunction and indicative complement clauses 303
9.5.1 Conditionals (nda, hala, Saara, baa) 303
9.5.2 Juxtaposed and conjoined clauses ( and , so ) 308
9.5.3 Indicative clauses attached to another clause (e.g. duratives) 308
9.5.4 Clausal disjunctions (wala or ) 310
9.5.5 Adversative conjunctions 311
9.5.6 Temporal relations ( since , until , again , and before ) 311
9.5.7 Because clauses (zaa - zamaa, keynse) 315
9.5.8 Indicative that complements (Jtag, kan-ti) 316
9.5.9 Bare indicative factive complements {gar, sawa-nda, dii) 319
9.5.10 Right-edge marking in antecedents and background clauses 320
9.5.11 Biclausal causatives (kate plus indicative or subjunctive) 321
9.5.12 kala plus indicative clause 322
9.6 Subjunctive complements 324
9.6.1 Subjunctive complements to matrix-clause verbs 325
9.6.2 Subjunctive complements to obligational kala - kal 327
9.6.3 Subjunctive clauses in jussive reported speech 328
9.6.4 Subjunctive clauses with hala 329
9.6.5 Subjunctive clauses under the scope of a distant negative 331
9.6.6 Purposive subjunctive clauses without complementizer 332
9.6.7 Bare subjunctive clauses in isolation 332
9.7 Infinitival VPs and serial verbs 333
9.7.1 Infinitival VPs in event sequences or as purposives 333
9.7.2 Inventory of serial verbs 334
9.7.3 Control verbs 336
9.7.4 Modal serial verbs 337
9.7.5 Aspectual (Aktionsart) serial verbs 337
9.7.6 Quantifying and negative serial verbs 338
9.7.7 Motion and time-of-day verbs as serial verbs 339
9.7.8 Comparative constructions 341
9.7.9 ha kaa and ha koy 343
9.7.10 Possible unified analyses of three ka ~ ha morphemes 344
9.7.11 ka gar... to find (that)... and topic-switching 346
10 ANAPHORA, LOGOPHORICS, AND REPORTED SPEECH 347
10.1 Reported speech and logophoric pronouns 347
10.1.1 Reported speech and thought 347
10.1.2 Logophorics and demonstrative shifts in reported speech 347
10.1.3 Syntax of logophorics 348
XÜ Grammar ofKoyraboro Senni
10.1.4 Discourse functions of logophorics and narrative fade-out 350
10.2 Reflexives and reciprocals 351
10.2.1 Compound reflexives 351
10.2.2 Simple reflexive pronouns 352
10.2.3 Reflexive verbs 353
10.2.4 Syntax of reflexives 354
10.2.5 Reciprocals 357
10.2.6 Syntax of reciprocals 358
10.3 Generic and indefinite reference 360
10.3.1 boro person and 2Sg pronouns 360
10.3.2 Indefinite human koy-oo 361
10.4 Sloppy (partial) coreferentiality 363
10.4.1 Sloppy coreferentiality in reflexives 363
10.4.2 Sloppy coreferentiality in logophorics 364
10.4.3 Sloppy coreferentiality in relative clauses 365
Appendix 1. RIVERINE DIALECTS EASTOFGAO 366
Appendix 2. RIVERINE DIALECTS WEST OF GAO 373
Appendix 3. FULAN KIRYA DIALECT OF THE GOURMA 381
REFERENCES 390
MORPHEME INDEX 391
SUBJECT INDEX 399
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Heath, Jeffrey 1949- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)12155273X |
| author_facet | Heath, Jeffrey 1949- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Heath, Jeffrey 1949- |
| author_variant | j h jh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV012617982 |
| callnumber-first | P - Language and Literature |
| callnumber-label | PL8685 |
| callnumber-raw | PL8685.95.K68 |
| callnumber-search | PL8685.95.K68 |
| callnumber-sort | PL 48685.95 K68 |
| callnumber-subject | PL - Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania |
| classification_rvk | EP 19001 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)51059975 (DE-599)BVBBV012617982 |
| dewey-full | 496/.5 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 496 - African languages |
| dewey-raw | 496/.5 |
| dewey-search | 496/.5 |
| dewey-sort | 3496 15 |
| dewey-tens | 490 - Other languages |
| discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Gao Mali (DE-588)4237904-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Gao Mali |
| id | DE-604.BV012617982 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:30:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3896451065 |
| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008570902 |
| oclc_num | 51059975 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| physical | XIV, 402 S. Kt. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | Köppe |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Westafrikanische Studien |
| series2 | Westafrikanische Studien |
| spelling | Heath, Jeffrey 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)12155273X aut A grammar of Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni the songhay of Gao, Mali Jeffrey Heath Köln Köppe 1999 XIV, 402 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Westafrikanische Studien 19 Langues songhaï - Dialectes - Gao (Mali ; région) - Grammaire ram Surhai (taal) gtt Grammatik Koyraboro Senni dialect Grammar Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Songhai-Sprache (DE-588)4284169-0 gnd rswk-swf Gao Mali (DE-588)4237904-0 gnd rswk-swf Songhai-Sprache (DE-588)4284169-0 s Gao Mali (DE-588)4237904-0 g Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Westafrikanische Studien 19 (DE-604)BV009529150 19 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008570902&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Heath, Jeffrey 1949- A grammar of Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni the songhay of Gao, Mali Westafrikanische Studien Langues songhaï - Dialectes - Gao (Mali ; région) - Grammaire ram Surhai (taal) gtt Grammatik Koyraboro Senni dialect Grammar Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Songhai-Sprache (DE-588)4284169-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4021806-5 (DE-588)4284169-0 (DE-588)4237904-0 |
| title | A grammar of Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni the songhay of Gao, Mali |
| title_auth | A grammar of Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni the songhay of Gao, Mali |
| title_exact_search | A grammar of Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni the songhay of Gao, Mali |
| title_full | A grammar of Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni the songhay of Gao, Mali Jeffrey Heath |
| title_fullStr | A grammar of Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni the songhay of Gao, Mali Jeffrey Heath |
| title_full_unstemmed | A grammar of Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni the songhay of Gao, Mali Jeffrey Heath |
| title_short | A grammar of Koyraboro (Koroboro) Senni |
| title_sort | a grammar of koyraboro koroboro senni the songhay of gao mali |
| title_sub | the songhay of Gao, Mali |
| topic | Langues songhaï - Dialectes - Gao (Mali ; région) - Grammaire ram Surhai (taal) gtt Grammatik Koyraboro Senni dialect Grammar Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Songhai-Sprache (DE-588)4284169-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Langues songhaï - Dialectes - Gao (Mali ; région) - Grammaire Surhai (taal) Grammatik Koyraboro Senni dialect Grammar Songhai-Sprache Gao Mali |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008570902&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV009529150 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT heathjeffrey agrammarofkoyraborokoroborosennithesonghayofgaomali |