Torture and its consequences: current treatment approaches
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
1998
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. paperback ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 527 S. |
| ISBN: | 0521392993 052165954X |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Torture and its consequences
Autor: Başoğlu, Meti̇n
Jahr: 1998
CONTENTS Contributors page xvii Preface xxi Introduction 1 meti’n ba§oglu Prevalence of the problem 2 Torture: a neglected problem 2 Why study torture? 3 Current issues in work with survivors of torture 5 Preview of contents 9 Part I: Torture and its consequences 1 The prevention of torture and the clinical care of survivors: a field in need of a new science 23 RICHARD MOLLICA Introduction 23 Goals of research 25 Theory construction 27 Experimentation 30 Methods for causality and evaluation research 32 Interpretation 33 Conclusion 35 References 36 2 The physical sequelae of torture 38 GRETHE SKYLV The sequelae of blunt violence 39 Falanga 39 Suspension 43 Sequelae from strapping 45
X Contents The sequelae of electrical torture 45 Foreign bodies (broken glass, bullets, etc.) 45 Scars 46 Torture of the teeth - Temporo-mandibular joint problems 46 Sequelae from forced positions 47 Sequelae in the musculoskeletal system after stress 48 Muscular tensions and the muscular tension index 49 The sequelae of sexual torture 50 Increased sympathetic activity and sympathetic reflex dystrophy 51 Space orientation and sensory-motor training 52 Conclusion 52 References 53 3 Psychosocial consequences of torture: current knowledge and evidence 56 FINN SOMNIER, PETER VESTI, MARIANNE KASTRUP, and INGE KEMP GENEFKE Introduction 56 Definition of torture 57 Classification of torture sequelae 57 Study of torture survivors: selection factors and methodological problems 58 Review of literature 59 Discussion 66 References 68 4 Psychological effects of torture: an empirical study of tortured and non-tortured non-political prisoners 72 MURAT PAKER, OZGUN PAKER, and §AHIKA YUKSEL Introduction 72 Procedures 73 Results 75 Discussion 79 References 81 5 Psychosocial consequences for tortured refugees seeking asylum and refugee status in Europe 83 RON BAKER Introduction 83 The refugee experience and its long-term psychosocial effects 87 The trauma of the tortured refugee 90 The trauma of the tortured person seeking refugee status in Western Europe and in particular in the UK 93 Notes on long-term survival patterns of behaviour following the experience of organized violence: some tentative formulations 97
Contents xi Negative survival patterns 98 Adaptive survival patterns 99 Constructive survival patterns 100 Summary 101 References 101 6 Long-term effects nf torture in former prisoners of war 107 THOMAS W. MILLER Introduction 107 Captivity as a stressful life event 107 Traumatic stress and the impact of torture during captivity 111 Captor-captive relationship 114 Learned helplessness and loss of control 116 Methodology 117 Results 119 Correlates of traumatic stress 123 Personality disturbance in PTSD 126 Clinical and treatment strategies 127 Issues for future clinical research 130 References 132 7 The Holocaust: survivors and their children 136 NORMAN SOLKOFF Introduction 136 The nature of the trauma 136 Coping strategies 138 The survivors 140 Methodological issues 141 Intervention strategies for survivors 143 A word about children of survivors 144 Conclusion 146 References 147 Part II: Theory 8 Psychobiological consequences of severe trauma 151 JOSÉ A. SAPORTA and BESSEL A. VAN DER KOLK The nature of trauma 151 Incomprehensibility 152 Disrupted attachment 153 Traumatic bonding 154 Inescapability 155 Physiologic response 155 Biological models 157
Contents xii Inescapable shock 157 Forced isolation 159 Separation in non-human primates 161 Vulnerability to trauma 163 Other biological effects of trauma 164 Endogenous opioids and trauma 164 The psychobiology of reliving and reenactment 165 Treatment implications 169 References 171 9 The role of uncontrollable and unpredictable stress in post- traumatic stress responses in torture survivors 182 met in ba§oglu and SUSAN MINERA Introduction 182 Symptoms following torture 183 Unpredictable and uncontrollable traumatic stimuli: Animal literature 184 Features of uncontrollability and unpredictability in the four phases of torture survivors experience 200 Coping with stress: Attempts to maintain and regain control 211 Implications for the treatment of torture survivors 215 Conclusion 217 References 217 Part III: Assessment, diagnosis, and classification 10 Psychopathology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): boundaries of the syndrome 229 RICHARD MCNALLY Introduction 229 Clinical description of DSM-III-R PTSD 229 Does PTSD constitute a coherent syndrome? 232 Prevalence of PTSD 232 Longitudinal course of PTSD 233 Risk factors for developing PTSD 235 Family studies 235 Patterns of comorbidity 237 Delimitation from other disorders 237 Validation of diagnostic criteria in laboratory research 240 Current issues in the classification of PTSD: Toward DSM-IV 242 Conclusion 245 References 246
Contents xiii 11 Overview: the assessment and diagnosis of torture events and symptoms 253 RICHARD F. MOLLICA and YAEL CASPI-YAVIN Introduction 253 Variation in definition and types of torture 254 Accuracy of reporting 258 Therapist-patient interaction 260 Categorizing the torture response 262 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 263 Measuring trauma events and symptoms 267 Conclusion 270 References 271 Part IV: Rehabilitation programmes for torture survivors 12 Organization of care and rehabilitation services for victims of torture and other forms of organized violence: a review of current issues 277 LOES H. M. VAN WILLIGEN Introduction 277 A brief review of the historical development of care and rehabilitation centres 278 Current models of organization of care and rehabilitation services 280 Similarities and differences between care and rehabilitation centres 287 Discussion: Issues in care and rehabilitation of organized violence victims 288 Exchange of knowledge and expertise 294 Recommendations 294 References 297 13 Multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of torture survivors 299 SØREN B0JHOLM and PETER VESTI Introduction 299 Referral procedures and selection of patients 299 Rationale for specialized treatment 300 Principles of treatment 301 Preliminary physical examination 302 RCT treatment in practice 303 Conclusion 308 References 308
XIV Contents 14 Sexual torture and the treatment of its consequences 310 INGE LUNDE and JØRGEN ORTMANN Introduction 310 Sexual torture 312 Consequences of sexual torture 313 Treatment of the consequences of torture 316 Specific treatment of consequences of sexual torture 319 Treatment results 324 References 326 Part V: Psychotherapy 15 Psychodynamic approaches in the treatment of torture survivors 333 ENRIQUE BUSTOS The treatment of torture survivors 333 The psychodynamic view on extreme traumatization 334 The therapeutic model 335 The psychotherapeutic process 338 Conclusion 343 References 344 16 Psychotherapy for torture survivors 348 PETER VESTI and MARIANNE KASTRUP Introduction 348 Insight therapy 349 Other treatment forms 358 Conclusion 361 References 362 17 Current trends in the treatment of post-traumatic stress symptoms 363 TERENCE M. KEANE, ANNE MARIE ALBANO, and DUDLEY DAVID BLAKE Direct therapeutic exposure 365 Cognitive behavioral therapy 374 Pharmacotherapy 378 Other treatments 384 Prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms 387 Social support 387 Trauma debriefing 390 Stress inoculation training 391 Summary and comments 392 Future directions 393 References 394
Contents xv 18 Behavioural and cognitive approach in the treatment of torture- related psychological problems 402 METIN BA§OGLU Introduction 402 Treatment of anxiety disorders: a brief review 403 Behavioural treatment of PTSD 404 Cognitive/behavioural treatment of post-traumatic stress symptoms in torture survivors 405 Cognitive-behavioural treatment and other psychotherapies: A brief review of common elements 419 Conclusion 424 References 424 Part VI: Torture in particular countries: experience with survivors of torture in their home country 19 Torture in Argentina 433 DIANA KORDON, LUCILA EDELMAN, DARIO LAGOS, ELENA NICOLETTI, DANIEL KERSNER, and MIRTA GROSHAUS Historical background 433 Forced disappearance of persons 433 The systematic use of torture 437 The aims of torture 439 Disappearance and psychological torture 440 The psychological effects of sociopolitical factors following the trauma 445 Treatment 446 Concluding remarks 450 References 451 20 Torture and the helping professions in South Africa 452 TERENCE DOWDALL The development and operation of the Apartheid system 452 Resistance and repression 455 The emergence of torture and abuse 457 Psychological sequelae of torture 461 Advocacy, support and intervention 464 Treatment methods 466 Conclusions 468 References 469 21 Torture in Pakistan 472 MAHBOOB MEHDI Pakistan: Background information 472 Methods of torture 474
XVI Contents Whipping in Pakistan 475 Health profession and torture 477 Voice Against Torture (VAT) 478 The Rehabilitation and Health Aid Centre for Torture Victims (RAHAT) 479 References 481 22 Rehabilitation of survivors of torture and political violence under a continuing stress situation: the Philippine experience 483 AURORA A. PARONG, ELIZABETH PROTACIO-MARCELINO, SYLVIA ESTRADO-CLAUDIO, JUNE PAGADUAN-LOPEZ, and MA. VICTORIA CABILDO Historical context 483 Rehabilitation programs 488 Political repression 488 Economic constraints 490 Family and community 491 Culture and subculture 492 Philippine action concerning torture: Program of the Medical Action Group 494 Children s Rehabilitation Center 501 Justice, human rights and rehabilitation work 504 References 506 Part VII: Modern ethics and international law 23 Modern ethics and international law 511 BENT SØRENSEN Definitions 511 International Law 511 Medical ethics 516 World Medical Association 517 Comité Permanente 518 Summary 519 Index 520
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| title | Torture and its consequences current treatment approaches |
| title_auth | Torture and its consequences current treatment approaches |
| title_exact_search | Torture and its consequences current treatment approaches |
| title_full | Torture and its consequences current treatment approaches ed. by Metin Başoǧlu |
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