In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe: the case of Poland
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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New York [u.a.]
United Nations
1998
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| Schriftenreihe: | Economic studies
11 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIV, 229 S. Kt., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9211167000 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe |b the case of Poland |c United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ... Ed. by Tomas Frejka ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b United Nations |c 1998 | |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Economic studies |v 11 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Explanatory notes..........................................................................................................................................................ii Preface.......................................................................................................................................................................... xv OVERVIEW Tomas Frejka, Marek Okólski, Serhyi Pyrozhkov and Audra Sipavičiene I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................xvii Background .....................................................................................................................................................xviii Methods xviii The historical context.................................................................................................................. xix Important features of international mobility/migration in central and eastern Europe................................. xx The consequences of international migration/mobility ............................................................................. xxii Conclusion........................................................................................................................................................ xxiv Chapter 1 AN OUTLINE OF THE STUDY Krystyna Iglicka and Marek Okólski 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5.
Introduction................................................................................................................... Objectives of the study.......................................................................................................................................... 1 Constraints facing the study................................................................................................................................. 2 Origins and institutional set-up of the study......................................................................................................5 Contents of the remaining parts of this volume ..................................................................................................6 Chapter 2 POLAND’S POPULATION AND POPULATION MOVEMENTS: AN OVERVIEW Marek Okólski 2.1. Basic data on population................................................................................................. 2.2. International migration prior to the Second World War and during the war....................................................10 2.3. Policies concerning international migration after 1945......................................................................................10 2.4. Basic concepts and available statistics on international migration....................................................................12 2.5. Recent trends in internal migration...................................................................................................................... 13 2.6. International migration after
1945.................................................................................................................. 14 2.6.1. Almost perfect isolation (1945-1954)................................................................................... 14 2.6.2. Family réunifications and the movement of ethnic minorities (1955-1970)..................... Г5 2.6.3. The human face of socialism (1971-1979) .......................................................................... 15 2.6.4. The Solidarity movement, martial law, post-martial law liberalisation (1980-1989)...... 16 2.6.5. The early period of transition (from 1990)........................................................................... 18 2.6.6. Summary.................................................................................................................................. 22 2.6.7. Prospects.................................................................................................................................. 24 Chapter 3 METHODS, APPROACHES AND RESEARCH TECHNIQUES Ewa Jazwinska 3.1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................25 3.2. General characteristics of the ethnosurvey approach........................................................................................ 25 3.3. The ethnosurvey approach in the present migration study in Poland.................................. 26 3.4. Collecting data on the functioning of
communities............................................................................................27 3.5. Household survey................................................................................................................................................. 28 iii
3.5.1. Construction of the research tool......................................................................................... 28 3.5.2. Sampling procedures.............................................................................................................. 29 3.5.3. Field work........................... 30 3.5.4. Completion rate and evaluation of the representative quality of the results.......................31 3.6. Qualitative research..............................................................................................................................................31 3.7. Data processing and analysis.............................................................................................................................. 32 3.8. Research organisation......................................................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 4 A PROFILE OF THE COMMUNITIES Marek Okólski 4.1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................... 35 4.2. Size, administrative status and geographic/regional background..................................................................... 35 4.3. Major similarities.................................................................................................................................................36 4.4. Specific
features...................................................................................................................................................36 4.4.1. Łubniany................................................................................................................................. 36 4.4.2. Mońki...................................................................................................................................... 37 4.4.3. Namysłów............................................................................................................................... 38 4.4.4. Perlejewo................................................................................................................................ 39 4.5. A general cross-comparison...............................................................................................................................41 Chapter 5 BASIC TRENDS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION Ewa Jazwinska 5.1. Aim and contents of the chapter........................................................................................................................ 45 5.2. The main concepts and categories, definitions, measures and classification.................................................... 45 5.3. Łubniany ............................................................................................................................................................47 5.3.1. General description
.............................................................................................................47 5.3.2. Socio-demographic characteristics of the migrants.............................................................. 47 5.4. Monki ............................................................................................................................................................48 5.4.1. General description ...............................................................................................................48 5.4.2. Socio-demographic characteristics of the migrants.............................................................. 49 5.5. Namysłów .......................................................................................................................................................... 51 5.5.1. General description.............................................................................................................. 51 5.5.2. Socio-demographic characteristics of the migrants.............................................................51 5.6. Perlejewo .......................................................................................................................................................... 53 5.6.1. General description................................................................................................................53 5.6.2. Socio-demographic characteristics of the migrants.............................................................. 53 5.7.
Conclusions...........................................................................................................................................................55 5.7.1. The differences between the four communities.................................................................... 55 5.7.2. The differences in the migration patterns between the periods............................................55 Chapter 6 CURRENT MIGRATORY PATTERNS Krystyna Iglicka 6.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................................... 57 6.2. Analysis of migrant types according to communes........................................................................................... 57 6.2.1. Łubniany............................................................................................................................................................ 59 a) settlement migration..................................................................................................................... 59 b) shuttle migration........................................................................................................................... 59 c) short-term migration......................................................... 60 d) long-term migration...................................................................................................................... 60 6.2.2. Monki
............................................................................................................................................................ 60 a) settlement migration..................................................................................................................... 60 tv
b) shuttle migration............................................................................................................................ 61 c) short-term migration...................................................................................................................... 61 d) long-term migration........................................................................................................................61 6.2.3. Namysłów........................................................................................................................................................... 62 a) settlement migration.....................................................................................................................62 b) shuttle migration.............................................................................................................................62 c) short-term migration...................................................................................................................... 62 d) long-term migration....................................................................................................................... 62 6.2.4. Perlejewo............................................................................................................................................................. 63 a) settlement migration............................................................ 63 b) shuttle migration....................................................................... 63 c) short-term
migration...................................................................................................................... 63 d) long-term migration................................................................. 63 6.3. Analysis of migrant types according to selected demographic-social traits................................................... 64 6.3.1. Łubniany...................................................................................................................................64 6.3.2. Mońki........................................................................................................................................ 64 * 6.3.3. Namysłów......................................................................................................................... 65 6.3.4. Perlejewo..................................................................................................................................65 6.4. Summary .............................................................................................................................................................66 Chapter 7 LONG TERM INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: COVERING COSTS AND MINIMISING RISKS Anna Giza 7.1. The aim and contents of the chapter...................................................................................................................69 7.2. General considerations........................................................................................................................................ 69 7.3. The pattern of the first long-term trip and the social and
demographic characteristics of migrants..............70 7.4. Covering the costs and minimising the risks of first long-term movements abroad in Łubniany.................. 75 7.4.1. Information about destination countries................................................................................ 75 7.4.2. Support in organising first long-term trip abroad................................................................ 76 7.4.3. Money to finance first long-term tripabroad........................................................................ 77 7.4.4. Living conditions in the country of destination.....................................................................77 7.4.5. The percentage of migrants not knowing the language of the country of destination...... 77 7.5. Covering the costs and minimising the risks of first long-term movements abroad in Monki....................... 78 7.5.1. Information about destination countries ............................................................................... 78 7.5.2. Support in organising first long-term migration....................................................................79 7.5.3. Money to finance thefirst long-term trip....................... 79 7.5.4. Living conditions at the place of destination........................................................................79 7.5.5. The percentage of migrants not knowing the language of the destination country.......... 79 7.6. Covering the costs and minimising the risks of first long-term movements abroad in Namysłów ............ 79 7.6.1. Information about
destination countries............................................................................... 79 7.6.2. Support in organising first long-term trip............................................................................ 81 7.6.3. Money to finance the first long-term trip.............................................................................81 7.6.4. Living conditions in the country of destination................................................................... 82 7.6.5. The percentage of migrants not knowing the language of the destination country.......... 82 7.7. Covering the costs and minimising the risks of first long-term trips in Perlejewo........................................82 7.7.1. Information about the destinationcountry............................................................................ 82 7.7.2. Support in organising the first long-term trip......................................................................83 7.7.3. Money to finance first long-term trip.................................................................................. 83 7.7.4. Living conditions abroad of first long-term migrants..........................................................83 7.7.5. The percentage of migrants not knowing the language of the destination country.......... 85 7.8. Conclusion............................................................................................................................................................85 v
Chapter 8 ASSESSING THE PRINCIPAL DETERMINANTS OF MIGRATION Marek Okólski 8.1. Conceptual issues................................................................................................................................................. 87 8.2. Pioneers ............................................................................................................................................................ 87 8.3. Macro level determinants.....................................................................................................................................90 8.4. Factors operating at the household level.............................................................................................................93 8.4.1. The size of a household........................................................................................................ 95 8.4.2. Fertility hva household...........................................................................................................95 8.4.3. Household property................................................................. 95 8.4.4. Household strategies in nominating migrants.......................................................................96 8.5. The impact of personal characteristics................................................................................................................ 98 8.5.1. Age of all adult persons at the time of first migration of migrants.....................................98 8.5.2. Adult migrants and non migrants by
sex.............................................................................. 99 8.5.3. Adult migrants and non migrants by educational attainment.............................................. 99 8.5.4. The effect of health on migration.......................................................................................100 8.5.5. The effect of earlier experience of internal migration...................................................... 100 8.5.6. The impact of individual reasons for migration on the type of migrant.......................... 101 8.6. The propensity to migrate among non migrants............................................................................................. 102 8.7. Conclusions..........................................................................................................................................................102 Chapter 9 THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MIGRATION Anna Giza 9.1. The aim and contents of the chapter................................................................................................................105 9.1.1. The consequences of migration for the local community................................................. 105 9.1.2. The consequences of migration for households.................................................................. 106 9.1.3. Approach to the analysis of migration consequences for the family..................................106 9.2. The consequences of migration for the communities.....................................................................................107 9.2.1. The social
consequences of migration................................................................................. 107 9.2.2. The impact of migration on the local economy...................................................................108 9.2.3. The impact of migration on the local culture: attitudes toward foreigners..................... 110 9.2.4. The influence of migration on social ties........................................................................... 112 9.3. The consequences of migration for households.............................................................................................. 114 9.3.1. The economic benefits of migration.................................................................................... 115 9.3.2. Living standards................................................................................................................... 115 9.4. The consequences of migration for the family................................................................................................ 119 9.5. Conclusions......................................................................................................................................................... 120 Chapter 10 THE MIGRATION NETWORKS Anna Giza and Maciej Tefelski 10.1. 10.2. 10.3. 10.4. 10.5. 10.6. 10.7. 10.8. The aim՛ and contents of the chapter............................................................................................................... 123 Distant relatives and the formation of
networks.............................................................................................123 Close family members and the formation of migration networks...............................................................124 The migratory experience of the household and trips undertaken...............................................................125 Close family living abroad and the actual migration flows......................................................................... 126 Friends abroad.................................................................................................................................................. 126 The case of a family network illustrated by emigration from the Monki area............................................128 Conclusions........................................................................................................................................................133 vi
Chapter 11 THE INTENTION TO MIGRATE IN THE MIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS Anna Giza 11.1. 11.2. 11.3. 11.4. The aim and the content of the chapter..........................................................................................................135 Intention to migrate and the migratory experience......................................................................................136 Reasons for migrating and not migrating........................................................................................................ 138 Socio-demographic features of various categories of migrants.....................................................................138 11.4.1. Age........................................................................................................................................139 11.4.2. Sex as a determinant of the intention to migrate.............................................................139 11.4.3. Position in the family as a determinant of the intention to migrate................................140 11.4.4. Working situation of various categories of migrants.......................................................140 11.4.5. Education of migrants.......................................... 140 11.4.6. Networks abroad as a determinant of the intention to migrate....................................... 141 11.5. The intention to migrate in the four communities...........................................................................................142 11.6. Conclusions................................ 143 Chapter 12 A ”PENDULAR SOCIETY”: HYPOTHESES
BASED ON IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Wojciech Łukowski 12.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................145 12.2 Podlasie ........................................................................................................................................................... 146 Thesis 1: from accumulation to consumption............................................................................... 146 Thesis 2: from migration to the United States to migration to Belgium..................................... 147 Thesis 3: from periphery to periphery.......................................................................................... 148 Thesis 4: the parish network.......................................................................................................148 Thesis 5: migration - a factor reinforcing traditional family roles............................................149 Thesis 6: autarchic circles of family and neighbours and the marginalisation of the public sphere........................................................................................................ 149 12.3 Slask Opolski.......................................................................................................................................................150 Thesis 7: Silesian social structure.............................................................................................. 150 Thesis 8: dual marginalization ( neither here
nor there )...........................................................150 Thesis 9: from the pendular migration of the fathers to the permanent migration of the sons ..................................................................................................151 Thesis 10: between low profile stability and the striving for prosperity................................. 151 Thesis 11 : a one-way trip - the migration strategy of the redundant ........................................152 Thesis 12: return migration - a strategy for the future................................................................. 152 12.4 Conclusions......................................................................................................................................................... 153 Appendix 1 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES Table A.5.1 Table A.5.2 Table A.5.3 Table A.5.4 Table A.5.5 Table A.5.6 Table A.5.7 TableA.5.8 Table A.5.9 Table A.5.10 Table A.5.11 Table A.5.12 Migrants from each of the communes sampled by destination of first migration......................155 Time of first trip by duration of first trip, Łubniany, 1975-1994................................................. 155 Time of first trip by numbers of trips, Łubniany, 1975-1994....................................................... 156 Time of first trip by sex and age, prior to 1980-1994, Łubniany.................................................. 156 Time of first trip by sex and education, 1975-1994, Łubniany.....................................................156 Time of first trip by destination, 1975 to 1994,
Monki..................................................................157 Time of first trip by duration, 1975-1994, Monki....................................................................... 157 Time of first trip by numbers of trips, 1975-1994, Monki........................................................... 157 Time of first trip by sex and age, prior to 1980-1994, Monki....................................................... 158 Time of first trip by sex and education, 1975-1994, Monki...........................................................158 Time of first trip by destination, Namysłów, 1975-1994...............................................................158 Time of first trip by duration, 1975-1994, Namysłów....................................................................159 vii
Table A.5.13 Table A.5.14 Table A.5.15 Table A.5.16 Table A.5.17 Table A.5.I8 Table A.5.19 Table A.5.20 Time of first trip by number of trips, 1975-1994, Namysłów.......................................................159 Time of first trip by sex and age, prior to 1980-1994, Namysłów............................................... 159 Time of first trip by sex and education, 1975-1994, Namysłów...................................................160 Time of first trip by destination, 1975-1994, Perlejewo................................................................ 160 Time of first trip by duration, 1975-1994, Perlejewo.................................................................... 160 Time of first trip by number of trips, Perlejewo, 1975-1994....................................................... 161 Time of first trip by sex and age, prior to 1980-1994, Perlejewo.......... .......................................161 Time of first trip by sex and education, 1975-1994, Perlejewo.....................................................161 Table A.6.1 Table A.6.2 Table A.6.3 Table A.6.4 Table A.6.9 Table A.6.10 Table A.6.11 Table A.6.12 Table A.6.13 Table A.6.14 Table A.6.15 Table A.6.16 Table A.6.17 Table A.6.18 Table A.6.19 Table A.6.20 Table A.6.21 Table A.6.22 Table A.6.23 Settler migrants by year of last trip................................................................................................ 162 Settler migrants by country of destination, 1994-1995 ............................................................... 162 Petty-trader migrants by year of first
migration, 1994-1995.........................................................162 Petty-trader migrants, who have made more than one trip, by country of destination of first migration,................................................................................ 162 Petty-trader migrants by the number of migrations....................................................................... 162 Short-term migrants by year of first migration, 1994-1995.......................................................... 163 Short-term migrants by the number of migrations of 3 month or longer,1994-1995, ............... 163 Short-term migrants who have made more than one trip by number of years abroad since the first migration of 3 month or longer............................................................................. 163 Long-term migrants who have made more than one trip by year of first migration Long-term migrants by number of migrations of 3 months or longer......................................... 163 Long-term migrants by number of years abroad since first migration of 3 month or longer.... 164 Categories of migrants by gender and marital status, Łubniany, 1994-1995 .............................. 164 Categories of migrants by gender and age at migration, Łubniany, 1994-1995.......................... 164 Categories of migrants by education and gender, Łubniany, 1994-1995.................................... 165 Categories of migrants by gender and marital status, Monki, 1994-1995................................... 165 Categories of migrants by gender and age at migration, Monki,
1994-1995............................... 165 Categories of migrants by education and gender, Monki, 1994-1995.......................................... 166 Categories of migrants by gender and marital status, Namysłów, 1994-1995............................ 166 Categories of migrants by age at migrationa and gender, Namysłów, 1994-1995.......................!67 Categories of migrants by education and gender, Namysłów, 1994-1995....................................167 Categories of migrants by gender and marital status, Perlejewo, 1994-1995.............................. 168 Categories of migrants by gender and age at migration,a Perlejewo, 1994-1995...................... 168 Categories of migrants by gender and education, Perlejewo, 1994-1995.....................................169 Table A.8.1 Table A.8.2 Table A.8.3 Table A.8.4 Table A.8.5 Table A.8.6 Table A.8.7 Age of migrants and non-migrants at the time of first migration, Łubniany, 1994-1995 ........ 169 . Age of migrants and non-migrants at the time of migration, Monki, 1994-1995 .................... 169 Age of migrants and non-migrants at the time of migration of migrants, Namysłów................. 170 Age of migrants and non-migrants at the time of migration, Perlejewo, 1994-1995 ............... 170 Educational attainment of migrants and non-migrants ..................................................................171 Type of migrant by the main reason for migrating........................................................................172 Types of migrant by main the reason for the first migration lasting three
months or longer ... 173 Table A.6.5 Table A.6.6 Table A.6.7 Table A.6.8 Appendix 11 RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS ILL Short (introductory) questionnaire .................................................................................................................175 II.2. Full-length questionnaire.............................................................................................................................. 176 11.2.A. Characteristics of household members and all household head s children who live apart.................................................................... 176 11.2.B. Potential migration............................................................................................................ 177 11.2.C. Residence history.................................................................................................................177 11.2.D. Work history, household.....................................................................................................178 11.2.E1. First international migration...............................................................................................178 11.2.E2. First longer international migration...................................................................................180 11.2.E3. Last longer international migration................................................................................... 180 11.2.F. Migration experiences and use of public services in destination country................... 180 viii
H.2.G. Migrant s opinions about life and contacts with local population in destination country .......................................................................................................... 181 11.2.H. International migration experience of household head s family..................................... 182 II.2.1. International migration of household head s blood relatives, in-laws and friends...... 183 11.2.J. Dwelling, property and household equipment/utilities..................................................... 183 11.2.K. Family farm........................................................................................................................ 184 11.2.L. Businesses/companies created, acquired or owned by the household................. 185 11.2.M. Migrant remittances and other resource flows between the household and migrants. . 185 11.2.N. Opinions about immigration to Poland..............................................................................186 II.2.0. Remarks and comments volunteered by respondents.......................................................187 II. 3. Content for in-depth interviews......................................................................................................................187 11.3.A. Family history (three most recent generations) and the history of close social milieu . 187 11.3.B. Social relations in the locality and their recent changes................................................... 188 11.3.C. Social position and economic situation of the migrant before the first migration ......... 188 11.3.D.
Reasons for migration .........................................................................................................188 11.3.E. Way of life in the host country/community ........................................................................188 Appendix III A PROFILE OF THE COMMUNITIES Marek Okólski ПІЛ. Main objectives and scope of the analysis.................................................................................................... 189 111.2. Basic concepts, definitions, indicators and sources of information............................................................189 111.3. Łubniany ..........................................................................................................................................................190 111.3.1. A brief history and geographical profile.......................................................................... 190 111.3.2. Local economy.................................................................................................................... 192 111.3.3. Demographic characteristics.............................................................................................. 193 111.3.4. Socio-occupational profile..................................................................................................195 111.3.5. Material standard of living..................................................................................................195 111.3.6. Social and civic activities................................................................................................. 196
111.3.7. Migrant vis-a-vis non-migrant households....................................................................... 197 111.4. Monki ........................................................................................................................................................... 197 111.4.1. A brief history and geographic profile...............................................................................197 111.4.2. Local economy.................................................................................................................... 199 111.4.3. Demographic characteristics............................................................................................. 200 111.4.4. Socio-occupational profile................................................................................................. 203 ПІ.4.5. Material standard of living................................................................................................. 203 111.4.6. Social and civic activities .................................................................................................. 204 111.4.7. Migrant vis-a-vis non-migrant households...................................................................... 204 111.5. Namysłów ......................................................................................................................................................... 205 ПІ.5.1. A brief history and geographic profile....... ...................................................................... 205 111.5.2. Local
economy................................................................................................................... 207 111.5.3. Demographic characteristics..............................................................................................207 111.5.4. Socio-occupational profile................................................................................................. 209 111.5.5. Material standard of living................................................................................................. 210 111.5.6. Social and civic activities .................................................................................................. 211 111.5.7. Migrant vis-a-vis non-migrant households .......................................................................211 fii.6. Perlejewo............................................................................................................................................................211 111.6.1. A brief history and geographical profile........................................................................... 211 111.6.2. Local economy.................................................................................................................... 213 111.6.3. Demographic characteristics............................................................................................. 214 111.6.4. Socio-occupational profile................................................................................................ 215 111.6.5. Materia] standard of
living................................................................................................ 216 111.6.6. Social and civil activities ................................................................................................... 217 111.6.7. Migrant vis-a-vis non-migrant households........................................................................217
Appendix IV A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THE ETHNOSURVEY IV. 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................217 IV.2 Definitions of terms......................................................................................................................................... 217 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................................................................221 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3 Table 2.4 Table 2.5 Table 2.6 Table 2.7 Internal migrations: aggregate ouflow: 1988-1993 ....................................................................... 15 Balance of internal migration: 1987-1993.................... 15 International migration: 1945-1994................................................................................................. 17 Net emigration from Poland to “capitalist” countries: 1981 - 1988............................................... 18 Legal migrants by major destination: 1981 - 1992 ................................... 19 Illegal emigrants, by country of destination: 1981 - 1988............................................................... 19 Emigrants who proceeded to post-secondary, or not beyond elementary education: 1988-93.... 21 Table 3.1 Table 3.2 Table 3.3 Characteristics of communes sampled: 1994-1995.........................................................................31 Gender characteristics in each of the communes sampled:
1994-1995..........................................32 Age groups in each of the communes samples: 1994-1995............................................................ 32 Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Table 4.3 Demographic and labour force characteristics for each commune: 1994-1995............................ 40 Socio-economic characteristics of persons aged 15 plus in each commune: 1994-1995............ 41 Occupational distribution by gender in migrants households in the four communes sampled... 42 Table 5.1 Table 5.2 Table 5.3 Table 5.4 Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Table 5.7 Table 5.8 Table 5.9 Table 5.10 Table 5.11 Table 5.12 Table 5.13 Emigrants from the four communes, by year and period of first departure................................... 46 Migrants by sex and period of first departure, Łubniany............................................................... 47 Migrants by age and period of first departure, Łubniany............................................................... 48 Migrant distribution by education and period in which the first trip took place, Łubniany......... 48 Migrants by sex and period of first departure trip, Monki.................. 49 Migrants by age at the time of first migration, Monki.....................................................................50 Migrants by education at the time of first migration, Monki....................... 50 Migrants by sex and time of first migration, Namysłów.................................................................51 Migrants by age at the time of first migration,
Namysłów............................................................. 52 Migrants by education at the time of first migration, Namysłów................................................... 52 Migrants by sex and time of first migration, Perlejewo .................................................................53 Migrants by age at the time of first migration, Perlejewo.............................................................. 54 Migrants by education at the time of first migration, Perlejewo....................................................54 Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Operational definitions of migrant types using thethe household survey data, 1994-1995.......... 58 Basic migrant types according to the communes sampled, 1994-1995..........................................59 Table 7.1 Table 7.2 Period of first trips in each of the four communes sampled........................................................... 70 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by country of destination for subsequent periods of migration, Monki............................................................................................................. 71 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by country of destination for subsequent periods of migration, Namysłów......................................................................................................71 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by country of destination for subsequent periods of migration,
Perlejewo........................................................................................................ 71 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by age at first long term migration for subsequent periods of migration, Łubniany..............................................................................72 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by age at first long term migration for subsequent periods of migration, Monki................................................................................... 72 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by age at first long term migration for subsequent periods of migration, Namysłów.............................................................................72 Table 7.3 Table 7.4 Table 7.5 Table 7.6 Table 7.7 x
Table 7.8 Table 7.9 Table 7.10 Table 7.11 Table 7.12 Table 7.13 Table 7.14 Table 7.15 Table 7.16 Table 7.17 Table 7.18 Table 7.19 Table 7.20 Table 7.21 Table 7.22 Table 7.23 Table 7.24 Table 7.25 Table 7.26 Table 7.27 Table 7.28 Table 7.29 Table 7.30 Table 7.31 Table 7.32 Table 7.33 Table 7.34 Table 7.35 Table 7.36 Table 7.37 Table 8.1 Table 8.2 Table 8.3 Table 8.4 Table 8.5 Table 8.6 Table 8.7 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by age at first long term migration for subsequent periods of migration, Perlejewo............................................................................ 72 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by sex, Łubniany............................................ 73 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by sex, Monki................................................ 73 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by sex, Namysłów.......................................... 73 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by sex, Perlejewo........................................... 73 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by education, Łubniany................................74 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by education, Monki.....................................74 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by education, Namysłów..............................74 First migrations lasting for three months or longer by education, Perlejewo................................74 Mean amount of information migrants held about the country of destination in the case of
their first long-term movement.................................................................................................... 75 Long term migrants departing for the first time for three months or longer who had specific information about the country of destination, Łubniany................................................. 76 Migrants who received support whilst organising their first long term migration by source of support, Łubniany....................................................................................................... 76 Resources used by migrants to finance their first long term migration, Łubniany................ .......77 Migrants by the type of accomodation lived in during their first long term migration, Łubniany........................................................................................................ 77 Migrants unable to speak the language of the destination country during their first long term migration (three months or longer), Łubniany................................................................................78 Long term migrants departing for the first time for three months or longer who had specific information about the country of destination, Monki......................................................78 Migrants who received support whilst organising their first long term migration by source of support, Monki.............................................................................................................80 Resources used by migrants to finance their first long term migration, Monki........................
80 Migrants by the type of accomodation lived in during their first long term migration, Monki.. 80 Migrants unable to speak the language of the destination country during their first long term migration (three months or longer), Monki.................................................................................... 81 Long term migrants (three months or longer departing for the first time who had specific information about the country of destination, Namysłów............................................................. 81 Migrants who received support whilst organising their first long term migration by source of support, Namysłów.............................................................................;............................................ 81 Resources used by migrants to finance their first long term migration, Namysłów..................82 Migrants by type of accomodation lived in during their first long term migration, Namysłów . 82 Migrants unable to speak the language of the destination country during their first long term migration (three months or longer), Namysłów..............................................................................82 Long term migrants (three months or longer) departing for the first time who had specific information about the country of destination, Perlejewo................................................ 83 Migrants who received support whilst organising their first long term migration by source of support, Perlejewo........................................................................................................ 84
Resources used by migrants to finance their first long term migration, Perlejewo...................... 84 Migrants by the type of accomodation lived in during their first long term migration, Perlejewo.................................................................................................84 Migrants unable to speak the language of the destination country during their first long term migration (three months or longer), Perlejewo................................................................................ 85 Pioneer migrants by type of migrant and commune, 1994-1995................................................... 89 Pioneer migrants by type of migrant and country of destination, 1994-1995................................90 Migrations lasting for more than three months, 1994...................................................................... 91 The intensity of household migration in comparison to household fertility in each of the communes sampled, 1994-1995.............................................................................................93 Long-term migrations, 1985-1994.....................................................................................................93 Accommodation in comparison to the intensity of household migration, Monki and Namysłów........................................................................................................................ 94 Accommodation in comparison to the intensity of household migration, Łubniany
Perlejewo....................................................................................................................... 94 xi
Table 8.8 Table 8.9 Table 8.10 Table 8.11 Table 8.12 Table 8.13 Table 8.14 Table8.15 Table 8.16 Table 8.17 Table 8.18 Table 9.1 Table 9.2 Table 9.3 Table 9.4 Table 9.5 Table 9.6 Table 9.7 Table 9.8 Table 9.9 Table 9.10 Table 9.11 Table 9.12 Table 9.13 Table 9.14 Table 9.15 Table 9.16 Table 9.17 Table 9.18 Table 9.19 Table 9.20 Table 9.21 Table 9.22 Table 9.23 Table 9.24 Table 9.25 Table 10.1 Table 10.2 Table Table Table Table 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Area of arable land owned by migrant households compared with total length of migrations of three months or more in Łubniany and Perlejewo,as on 1994-1995..................... 95 Relationship of individuals to the head of migrant households in each of the four communes..........................................................................................................96 Male-to-female ratios in migrant households in each of the communes sampled........................... 96 Educational attainment of the first migrant compared to the other migrants in a household, each of the four communes sampled, as on 1994-1995................................................................. 96 Age of the first migrant in the households in each of the four communes sampled, as on 1994-1995................................................................................... .................... ............... ....... 97 The first migrant in a household by country of destination in each of the four communes sampled..........................................................................................97 The duration of first migrations abroad,
each of the four communes sampled...............................97 Individuals above the age of 17 at the time of first migration in each of the four communes sampled.......................................................................................... 99 Male-to-female ratios in each of the four communes sampled........ і.......................................... 99 Migrant households by health status in each of the communes sampled...................................... 100 Proportion of migrants with earlier internal migration experience, by commune and type of migrant, 1994-1995............................................................................. 100 Opinions about the impact of migration, 1994-1995............... 107 Education level of the head of the household, 1994-1995......................... 108 The mean age of household members, 1994-1995 ........ 108 Remittances from migration, 1994-1995........ 109 Migrant households by types of investment, 1994-1995................................................................ 110 Those declaring they would rather not accept a given nationality as a close neighbour.............. 111 Opinion of migrant and non-migrant households towards immigration to Poland, 1994-1995 111 Attitudes towards the employment of immigrants, 1994-1995 ........ 112 Attitudes towards the repatriation of Polish nationals from the former Soviet Union countries (especially Kazakhstan) in each of the four communes sampled, 1994-1995,...........112 Attitudes towards people bom on the territories belonging to Germany, before the Second World
War, coming back to Poland, 1994-1995, ......................................................112 People regularly contacted abroad by migrants spending three or more months abroad, in each of the four communes......................................................................................................... 113 Conflicts experienced by migrants during their stay abroad..........................................................113 Attitude of migrants who have spent three months or longer abroad towards life inPoland compared to that abroad.......... ....................................................................................................... 114 Contact with own/foreign culture and information by migrants who have spent three months or longer abroad..................................................................................................................114 Households by number of long term (three months or longer) migrants....................................... 115 Benefits from and negative effects of migration.............................................................................115 Migrant households by type of assistance from abroad................................................................. 116 Living standards in migrant and non-migrant households, Łubniany........................................... 116 Living standards in migrant and non-migrant households, Perlejewo.......................................... 117 The size of migrant households
.......................................................................................................117 Ownership of selected home appliances among migrant and non-migrant households..............118 Migrant households that used money from migration to finance purchases of selected home appliances................................................................................................................. 118 · Migrant households owning certain appliances............................................................................ 119 Long term migrants who felt negative about their experience abroad ......................................... 120 Opinions of migrants on the influence of their migration on their family....................................120 Respondents in migrant households with relatives living abroad...................................................123 Respondents in migrant households with relatives living abroad with whom contacts are kept............................................................................................................................... 124 Respondents in migrant households with relatives with foreign citizenship............................... 124 Respondents in migrant households with distant relatives with migratory experience........... 124 Respondents in migrant households with close family members living abroad.........................125 Respondents in migrant households with close family members with migratoryexperience... 125 xii
Table 10.7 Table 10.8 Table Table Table Table Table 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 Table Table Table Table Table 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Table 11.6 Table 11.7 Table 11.8 Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 11.9 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 Table Table Table Table Table 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 First migrations according to whether there was a migrant in a given household before......... 126 Year of first migration in the household among those with close family members living abroad and not having such family members ...............................................................................127 Migrant households with friends who live abroad..........................................................................127 Migrant households with Polish friends who live abroad...............................................................127 Migrant households having friends with migratory experience ................................................... 127 Migrant households by the number of contacts abroad .................................................................128 Migrant households by the number of migrants in the household and the numberof contacts abroad in all four communities.......................................................................................................128 Intention to migrate in the future among migrants and non-migrants...................................... 136 Intention to migrate among migrants who had started their first trip at different times............ 136 Migration experience and the intention to
migrate in the future................................................... 137 The period a migration has been started and the migratory experience........................................137 Intention to migrate among migrants who started their migration careers in the period up to 1980 and have various migratoiy experience................................................137 Intention to migrate among migrants who started their migration careers in the period 1981-1989 and have various migratory experiences............................................ . 137 Intention to migrate among migrants who started their migration careers in the period 1990-199land have various migratory experiences...................................................137 Intention to migrate among migrants who started their migration careers in the period 1992-1994 and have various migratory experiences................................................. 137 Reasons for not migrating among those who did not migrate ...................................................... 138 Reasons for migration, as stated by those who intend to travel abroad........................................138 Mean ages of various categories of migrants...................................................................................139 Age distribution of various categories of migrants......................................................................... 139 Sex ratio of the various migrant categories.....................................................................................139 Sex of migrants in specific age
brackets.......................................................................................... 140 Position in the family among various categories of migrants........................................................ 140 Working situation among those with migration experience and those with no such experience....................................................................................................... 141 Working situation of active and non-active migrants ....................................................................141 Working situation of potential migrants and non-migrants ............. 142 Education of various categories of migrants..................................................................................142 Intention to migrate and having close relatives/friends abroad.................................... 142 Intention to migrate in specific communities ................................................................................143 Table 12.1 A concise presentation of the cases referred to in this chapter......................................................146 Table 111. 1 Table III.2 Age composition of the population of Łubniany and rural communes of Opole district....... 194 Age composition of the population of the municipality of Monki and total urban population of Białystok district..................................................................................................... 197 Population size, 1950-1994, Monki.................................................................................................2Ò1 Annual numberof
immigrants, 1950-1994, Monki...................................................................... 201 Age composition in migrant households compared to non-migrant households, Monki........... 205 Population size, 1950-1994, Namysłów......................................................................................... 208 Age composition of the population of Namysłów total urban population of Opole district. 209 Age groups in migrant compared to non-migrant households, Namysłów..................................211 Population size, 1950-1994, Perlejewo.......................................................................................... 214 Age composition of the population of Perlejewo total rural population of Lomža district... 215 Age groups in migrant compared to non-migrant households, Perlejewo....................................217 Table III.3 Table III.4 Table III.5 Table III.6 Table III.7 Table III.8 Table III.9 Table ШЛО Table III. 11 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Figure 6.1 Figure 6.2 Figure 6.3 Map of Poland......................................................................................................................................28 Share of different types of migrants, Łubniany................................................................................60 Share of different types of migrants, Monki..................................................................................... 61 Share of different types of migrants, Namysłów..............................................................................62 xiii
Figure 6.4 Figure 6.5 Figure 8.1. Figure 8.2 Figure 10.1 Share of different types of migrants, Perlejewo............................................................................... 64 Share of different types of migrants, whole territory....................................................................... 66 Long-term migration (annual number of all departures; 3+months), by commune......................................................................................................................................92 The initiation of international mobility (annual number of all first departures), by commune.............................................................................................................................. .·■· Ml Genealogy of Paziewski and Sławski family................................................................................. 130 xiv
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| geographic | Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV012445268 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:27:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9211167000 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008444847 |
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| physical | XXIV, 229 S. Kt., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
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| publisher | United Nations |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Economic studies |
| series2 | Economic studies |
| spelling | In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe the case of Poland United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ... Ed. by Tomas Frejka ... New York [u.a.] United Nations 1998 XXIV, 229 S. Kt., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Economic studies 11 1975-1994 Internationale Wanderung / Osteuropa / Polen Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 s DE-604 Frejka, Tomas 1932-2022 (DE-588)171598016 edt Economic studies 11 (DE-604)BV008280337 11 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008444847&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe the case of Poland Economic studies Internationale Wanderung / Osteuropa / Polen Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4120730-0 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe the case of Poland |
| title_auth | In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe the case of Poland |
| title_exact_search | In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe the case of Poland |
| title_full | In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe the case of Poland United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ... Ed. by Tomas Frejka ... |
| title_fullStr | In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe the case of Poland United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ... Ed. by Tomas Frejka ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe the case of Poland United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ... Ed. by Tomas Frejka ... |
| title_short | In-depth studies on migration in Central and Eastern Europe |
| title_sort | in depth studies on migration in central and eastern europe the case of poland |
| title_sub | the case of Poland |
| topic | Internationale Wanderung / Osteuropa / Polen Migration (DE-588)4120730-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Internationale Wanderung / Osteuropa / Polen Migration Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008444847&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008280337 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT frejkatomas indepthstudiesonmigrationincentralandeasterneuropethecaseofpoland |