Logic and philosophy: a modern introduction
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Belmont, CA [u.a.]
Wadsworth
1999
|
| Ausgabe: | 8. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 7. Aufl. u.d.T.: Kahane, Howard: Logic and philosophy |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 464 S. 1 CD-ROM |
| ISBN: | 0534526144 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804127047864287232 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Logic and philosophy
Autor: Tidman, Paul
Jahr: 1999
Contents
Preface xiii
Part One: Sentential Logic 1
Chapter One: Introduction 1
1. The Elements of an Argument 1
2. Deduction and Induction 4
3. Argument Forms 6
4. Truth and Validity 8
5. Soundness 11
6. Consistency 11
7. Consistency and Validity Compared 1
8. Contexts of Discovery and Justification 14
Key terms 15
Chapter Two: Truth-Functions 16
1. Atomic and Compound Sentences 16
2. Truth-Functions 17
3. Conjunctions 18
4. Variables and Constants 20
5. Negations 21
6. Parentheses and Brackets 23
7. Disjunctions 24
5. Wor Botf* W Neither... Nor 27
9. Material Conditionals 29
10. Material Biconditionals 31
11. OnlyIf and Unless 33
72. Symbolizing Complex Sentences 35
-Key terms 41
Chapter Three: Truth Tables 43
1. Computing Truth-Values 43
2. Tautologies, Contradictions, and Contingent Sentences 48
viii Contents
3. Logical Equivalences and Conditionals 53
4. Truth Table Test of Validity 56
5. Truth Table Test of Consistency 58
6. Validity and Consistency 59
7. The Short Truth Table Test for Invalidity 60
8. The Short Truth Table Test for Consistency 64
9. Sentence Forms and Substitution Instances 65
10. Truth Tables and Forms 70
Key terms 72
Chapter Four: Proofs 73
1. Argument Forms 73
2. Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens 75
3. Disjunctive Syllogism and Hypothetical Syllogism 77
4. Simplification and Conjunction 80
5. Addition and Constructive Dilemma 81
6. Principles of Strategy 83
7. Double Negation and DeMorgan s Theorem 90
8. Commutation, Association, and Distribution 92
9. Contraposition, Implication, and Exportation 93
10. Tautology and Equivalence 94
11. More Principles of Strategy 97
72. Common Errors in Problem Solving 101
Key terms 107
Chapter Five: Conditional and Indirect Proofs 108
1. Conditional Proofs 108
2. Indirect Proofs 116
3. Strategy Hints for Using Conditional Proof and Indirect Proof 121
4. Theorems 122
5. Proving Premises Inconsistent 123
6. Adding Valid Argument Forms 124
7. The Completeness of Sentential Logic 125
8. Material Implication and Valid Argument Forms Y21
Key terms 130
Part 7wo; Predicate Logic 131
Chapter Six: Predicate Logic Symbolizations 131
7. Individuals and Properties 131
2. Quantifiers and Free Variables 135
3. Universal Quantifiers 136
4. Existential Quantifiers 140
5. Basic Predicate Logic Symbolizations 141
6. The Square of Opposition 143
Contents ix
7. Common Pitfalls in Symbolizing with Quantifiers 144
8. Expansions 147
9. Symbolizing Only, NoneBut, and Unless 149
Key terms 151
Chapter Seven: Predicate Logic Invalidity 153
1. Interpretations in Predicate Logic 153
2. Proving Invalidity 154
3. Using Expansions to Prove Invalidity 157
4. Consistency in Predicate Logic 159
5. Validity and Inconsistency in Predicate Logic 160
Key terms 160
Chapter Eight: Predicate Logic Proofs 161
1. Proving Validity 161
2. The Four Quantifier Rules 162
3. The Five Main Restrictions 168
4. Precise Formulation of the Four Quantifier Rules 172
5. Mastering the Four Quantifier Rules 174
(5. Quantifier Negation (QN) 179
Key terms 184
Chapter Nine: Relational Predicate Logic 185
7. Relational Predicates 185
2. Symbolizations Containing Overlapping Quantifiers 187
3. Expansions and Overlapping Quantifiers 188
4. Places and Times 190
5. Symbolizing Someone, Somewhere, Sometime,
and So On 192
(5. Invalidity and Consistency in Relational Predicate Logic 197
7. Relational Predicate Logic Proofs 198
Strategy for Relational Predicate Logic Proofs 205
9. Theorems and Inconsistency in Predicate Logic 207
70. A Simpler Set of Quantifier Rules 210
Chapter Ten: Rationale Behind the Precise Formulation
of the Four Quantifier Rules 213
7. Cases Involving the Five Major Restrictions 213
2. One-to-One Correspondence Matters 216
3. Accidentally Bound Variables 220
Chapter Eleven: Identity and Philosophical Problems
of Symbolic Logic 225
7. Identity 225
2. Definite Descriptions 231
x Contents
3. Properties of Relations 233
4. Higher-Order Logics 236
5. Limitations of Predicate Logic 238
6. Philosophical Problems 241
7. Logical Paradoxes 249
Key terms 255
Chapter Twelve: Truth Trees 258
1. The Sentential Logic Truth Tree Method 258
2. 77je 7 Mf/! Tree Rules 259
3. Details of Tree Construction 266
4. Rationale Behind the Tree Method 272
5. PK?f««g Truth Trees to Work 27 4
6. 77ie Predicate Logic Truth Tree Method 275
7. 7n/?rate Trees 280
^Tey terms 282
Part Three: Other Systems of Logic 283
Chapter Thirteen: Syllogistic Logic 283
1. Categorical Propositions 283
2. Existential Import 286
3. The Square of Opposition 286
4. Conversion, Obversion, Contraposition 290
5. Syllogistic Logic—Not Assuming Existential Import 293
6. Venn Diagrams 295
7. Syllogisms 298
Determining Syllogism Validity 300
9. Venn Diagram Proofs of Validity or Invalidity 301
70. F/ve Rules for Determining Validity or Invalidity 306
77. Syllogistics Extended 309
72. Enthymemes 312
73. Sorites 313
74. Technical Restrictions and Limitations 315
Key terms 318
Chapter Fourteen: Inductive Logic 321
7. A Mistaken View of Induction and Deduction 321
2. Kinds of Inductive Arguments 323
3. Cause and Effect 333
4. M/J s Methods 336
5. Inductive Probability 343
d 77ze Probability Calculus 344
7. Bayes Theorem . 346
Contents xi
8. Induction Is Unjustified—The Old Riddle of Induction 348
9. Not All Instances of Theories Confirm Them— The New Riddle
of Induction 351
Key terms 354
Chapter Fifteen: Axiom Systems 356
1. The Nature of an Axiom System 356
2. Interpreted and Uninterpreted Systems 357
3. Properties of Axiom Systems 358
4. Outline ofan Axiom System for Sentential Logic 361
5. Axiom Systems for Predicate Logic 366
6. Other Kinds of Axiom Systems 367
7. Objections to Axiom Systems 368
Key terms 368
Chapter Sixteen: Alternative Logics 370
1. Modal Logic 370
2. Strict Implication 371
3. Modal Axioms 373
4. Modal Theorems 31A
5. Modal Paradoxes 375
6. A Philosophical Problem 375
7. Modal Predicate Logic 376
8. Epistemic Logic: The Logic of Knowledge and Belief 378
9. Epistemic Theorems 381
10. Deontic Logic 382
11. Problems with Deontic Systems 383
Key terms 385
/knsivers to Even-Numbered Exercise Items 387
Bibliography 449
Special Symbols 453
/nofex 455
|
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| dewey-tens | 160 - Philosophical logic |
| discipline | Philosophie |
| edition | 8. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Tidman, Paul Verfasser aut Logic and philosophy a modern introduction Paul Tidman ; Howard Kahane 8. ed. Belmont, CA [u.a.] Wadsworth 1999 XV, 464 S. 1 CD-ROM txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier 7. Aufl. u.d.T.: Kahane, Howard: Logic and philosophy Logic Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 gnd rswk-swf Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content 2\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 s Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 s 3\p DE-604 Kahane, Howard 1928- Verfasser (DE-588)172203120 aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008421300&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Tidman, Paul Kahane, Howard 1928- Logic and philosophy a modern introduction Logic Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 gnd Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd |
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| title | Logic and philosophy a modern introduction |
| title_auth | Logic and philosophy a modern introduction |
| title_exact_search | Logic and philosophy a modern introduction |
| title_full | Logic and philosophy a modern introduction Paul Tidman ; Howard Kahane |
| title_fullStr | Logic and philosophy a modern introduction Paul Tidman ; Howard Kahane |
| title_full_unstemmed | Logic and philosophy a modern introduction Paul Tidman ; Howard Kahane |
| title_short | Logic and philosophy |
| title_sort | logic and philosophy a modern introduction |
| title_sub | a modern introduction |
| topic | Logic Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 gnd Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Logic Logik Philosophie Einführung Lehrbuch |
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