An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Taylor & Francis
1998
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Research monographs in geographic information systems
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 246 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 074840774X 0748407758 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Molenaar, Martien |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS |c Martien Molenaar |
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Taylor & Francis |c 1998 | |
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| adam_text | Titel: An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS
Autor: Molenaar, Martien
Jahr: 1998
Contents
Series Introduction...................................................................................................ix
Preface......................................................................................................................xi
List of Figures........................................................................................................xiii
List of Tables..........................................................................................................xvii
* 1 Introduction............................................................................................1
* 1.1 State descriptions of spatial processes and data modelling......................1
* 1.2 Fields, objects and geometry....................................................................4
* 1.3 Levels for data modelling.........................................................................7
* 1.4 The structure of the book..........................................................................9
*2 Fields and Rasters................................................................................11
*2.1 Geometric and thematic aspects of rasters............................................12
* 2.1.1 Geometric definition............................................................................12
* 2.1.2 Thematic attributes..............................................................................13
* 2.1.3 The geometric and thematic resolution of rasters..............................14
* 2.2 Query operations....................................................................................15
* 2.2.1 Selection by attribute value................................................................16
* 2.2.2 Selection by position............................................................................16
* 2.3 Multi valued rasters and overlays..........................................................17
* 2.4 Topology................................................................................................19
* 2.5 Windows and filters................................................................................20
* 2.5.1 Windows..............................................................................................20
* 2.5.2 Filters..................................................................................................21
* 2.5.3 Linear filters........................................................................................22
* 2.5.4 Nonlinear filters..................................................................................25
*2.6 Quadtrees................................................................................................28
* 3. The Geometry of Spatial Objects........................................................31
* 3.1 Objects represented in rasters................................................................32
* 3.2 The vector structure................................................................................34
* 3.2.1 Vector data representing a terrain situation......................................36
v/ Contents
* 3.3 An example of a vector structured data model......................................39
* 3.3.1 A conceptual data model....................................................................39
* 5.12 A logical data model............................................................................40
* 3.4 Examples of queries applied to vector data............................................42
* 3.4.1 Querying individual objects................................................................42
* 3.4.2 Querying object topology....................................................................44
*3.5 Discussion..............................................................................................46
4. Mathematical Concepts........................................................................49
4.1 Some concepts from set theory..............................................................50
4.2 Binary many-to-one relations between sets............................................52
4.2.1 Several aspects of relational calculus................................................53
4.2.2 Fuzzy relations....................................................................................54
4.3 The topology of point sets......................................................................55
4.3.1 Neighbourhoods in R2..........................................................................55
4.3.2 The topologie components of point sets..............................................56
4.3.3 Point sets with a dimension = 0..........................................................58
4.3.4 Point sets with a dimension - 1 and strings........................................58
4.3.5 Point sets with a dimension = 2 and area segments.........................-60
* 4.4 Some concepts of graph theory..............................................................61
*4.5 Planar graphs..........................................................................................65
* 4.5.1 Eulers formula..................................................................................._65
4.5.2 The point set topology of the geometric elements of a planar graph.. 66
4.6 Simplices and cell-complexes................................................................68
5. A Formalism for the Vector Data Model..........................................73
5.1 Introduction............................................................................................73
5.2 Relationships between the geometric elements of a planar graph..........74
5.2.1 Nodes and edges..................................................................................74
5.2.2 Edges andg-segments.........................................................................75
5.2.3 Edges, g-segments and faces..............................................................76
5.2.4 Nodes and faces.................................................. 79
5.2.5 Face to face...
5.3,4
f...................................
Elementary objects in a vector map with a pianar graph structure
Ìli E}ementaryarea objects............................... 80
tap..............................
/-a - • - - -- —.„. u11VJ moiti inaps...............
Cell rasters as a special case of planar graphs.. 88
Elementary objects represented in a raster ............................90
acttc similarity of vector- and raster maps ........................ 91
5-3.2 Elementary line objects.................... ..............................................09
5 3 1 Elementary point objects......... ......................................................... 84
S A -Zhe des,criPtion of terrain objects i^avëctormapZ ........................ 86
5.4.1 rvK?^ f? !316 0? °f vect.or: and raster maPs........ZZZZ 88
raster structure
5-5 Simplices and cell complexes ...
5 6 / SlLgl? VaI ed VeCtor maPs SVVM)
5 71 AnTidat! S^hema f0r 2-d™ensional vector maps 97
57? nJ , andthematic object classes... P ..........................07
• -2 The relations between geometric element and terrain objects..........98
Contents vii
5.7.3 A complete diagram............................................................................99
5.7.4 A simplified diagram.......................................................................- 102
6. Topologie Relationships Between Objects........................................105
6.1 The 9-intersection model......................................................................105
6.1.1 Topologie relations at object level....................................................106
6.2 Topologie relationships in vector maps................................................112
6.2.7 The topologie components of elementary terrain objects..................112
represented in a 2-dimensional vector map
6.2.2 Topologie relationships between elementary objects........................113
6.3 Topologie rules for maintaining database consistency........................121
6.3.1 Topologie relationships between nodes and edges...........................121
6.3.2 Detecting the existing topologie relationships between two.............122
objects
6.3.3 Monitoring and enforcing spatial consistency..................................124
6.4 Topologie map structures.....................................................................129
6.4.1 Adjacency graphs..............................................................................129
6.4.2 Neighbourhoods................................................................................132
*7 Object Classes.....................................................................................137
* 7.1 Object classification.............................................................................137
* 7.1.1 Class intension and extension...........................................................138
* 7.1.2 Objects, classes and attributes..........................................................139
7.1.3 Thematic partitions............................................................................141
7.1.4 Single valued vector maps, geometric and thematic partions...........141
7.1.5 Cardinal attributes and sum attributes..............................................142
7.2 Feature spaces and data classes............................................................144
7.3 Class hierarchies...................................................................................146
* 7.3.1 An example of a hierarchical class structure....................................146
7.3.2 A formalisation of the relations between objects, classes and..........147
superclasses
7.3.3 Hierarchical partitions......................................................................149
* 7.3.4 Trees and hierarchical levels............................................................150
7.3.5 Cardinal and sum attributes in class hierarchies..............................151
7.4 Meta classes..........................................................................................152
7.5 Class hierarchies and classification processes......................................154
7.5.7 Stepwise object classification............................................................154
7.5.2 Attribute values per class..................................................................156
* 7.6 Object definition and context...............................................................157
8 Composite Objects and Object Generalization...............................161
* 8.1 Introduction..........................................................................................161
* 8.1.1 Spatial processes at multi-scale levels..............................................161
* 8.1.2 Spatial databases and multi-scale problems.....................................162
8.2 Basic operations and strategies............................................................163
8.2.1 Merge operations..............................................................................163
8.2.2 Object aggregation............................................................................164
* 8.2.3 Strategies for spatial database generalization..................................167
* 8.3 Geometry driven generalization...........................................................168
* 8.4 Class driven generalization..................................................................171
viii Contents
*8.4.1 Thematic and geometric resolution...................................................172
8.5 Functional generalization.....................................................................174
8.6 Structural generalization......................................................................177
8.6.1 Introduction.......................................................................................177
8.6.2 The generalization of catchment areas..............................................179
8.6.3 A test case..........................................................................................180
8.6.4 Discussion..........................................................................................181
8.7 Object hierarchies and database generalization....................................182
8.7.1 Database generalization and the reduction of spatial complexity.... 182
8.7.2 Rank order selection of objects.........................................................185
*8.8 Object associations...............................................................................187
8.9 Final observations................................................................................189
9 Fuzzy spatial objects..........................................................................193
*9.1 Semantics, syntax and uncertainty.......................................................193
* 9.2 Uncertainty aspects of spatial objects..................................................195
* 9.2.1 Fuzzy object classes..........................................................................195
* 9.2.2 Fuzzy attribute values........................................................................196
* 9.2.3 Fuzzy object geometry.......................................................................196
9.3 The spatial extent and geometry of fuzzy objects................................197
9.3.1 Area objects represented as fuzzy fields............................................199
9.3.2 Shape and position............................................................................202
9.3.3 Examples of the extensional approach..............................................203
9.3.4 Fuzzy location of line objects............................................................209
9.4 The uncertainty of boundaries of area objects......................................211
9.4.1 Fuzzy boundaries...............................................................................211
* 9.4.2 Geometric uncertainty.......................................................................212
9.5 Fuzzy topologie relationships...............................................................214
9.5.1 Fuzzy overlap....................................................................................214
9.5.2 Fuzzy adjacency................................................................................217
9.5.3 Fuzzy relationships between a line and an area object....................219
*9.6 Conclusion............................................................................................220
9.6.7 The fuzzy extent of area objects and their geometric uncertainty.....220
9.6.2 Fuzzy overlap and adjacency............................................................221
9.6.5 Fuzzy objects defined in different contexts........................................221
9.6.4 Fuzzy objects in a SWM..................................................................222
* 9.6.5 Fuzzy adjacency............................................. 222
References....................................................... 225
Index.......................................................................ZZZZ ........................239
Note:
* denotes a chapter or a section which can be read as an introduction to the subject
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Molenaar, Martien Verfasser aut An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS Martien Molenaar London [u.a.] Taylor & Francis 1998 XVI, 246 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Research monographs in geographic information systems Analyse spatiale (Statistique) Analyse spatiale (statistique) ram Geografische informatiesystemen gtt Géographie - Modèles mathématiques Géographie - Modèles mathématiques ram Géographie - Systèmes d'information ram Modelos matemáticos larpcal Ruimtelijke constructies gtt Sistemas de informação gerencial larpcal Spatial systems Systèmes d'information géographique Systèmes d'information géographique ram Geografie Mathematisches Modell Geographic information systems Geography Mathematical models Spatial analysis (Statistics) Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd rswk-swf Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd rswk-swf Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 s Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008396876&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Molenaar, Martien An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS Analyse spatiale (Statistique) Analyse spatiale (statistique) ram Geografische informatiesystemen gtt Géographie - Modèles mathématiques Géographie - Modèles mathématiques ram Géographie - Systèmes d'information ram Modelos matemáticos larpcal Ruimtelijke constructies gtt Sistemas de informação gerencial larpcal Spatial systems Systèmes d'information géographique Systèmes d'information géographique ram Geografie Mathematisches Modell Geographic information systems Geography Mathematical models Spatial analysis (Statistics) Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114528-8 (DE-588)4261642-6 |
| title | An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS |
| title_auth | An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS |
| title_exact_search | An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS |
| title_full | An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS Martien Molenaar |
| title_fullStr | An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS Martien Molenaar |
| title_full_unstemmed | An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS Martien Molenaar |
| title_short | An introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for GIS |
| title_sort | an introduction to the theory of spatial object modelling for gis |
| topic | Analyse spatiale (Statistique) Analyse spatiale (statistique) ram Geografische informatiesystemen gtt Géographie - Modèles mathématiques Géographie - Modèles mathématiques ram Géographie - Systèmes d'information ram Modelos matemáticos larpcal Ruimtelijke constructies gtt Sistemas de informação gerencial larpcal Spatial systems Systèmes d'information géographique Systèmes d'information géographique ram Geografie Mathematisches Modell Geographic information systems Geography Mathematical models Spatial analysis (Statistics) Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Analyse spatiale (Statistique) Analyse spatiale (statistique) Geografische informatiesystemen Géographie - Modèles mathématiques Géographie - Systèmes d'information Modelos matemáticos Ruimtelijke constructies Sistemas de informação gerencial Spatial systems Systèmes d'information géographique Geografie Mathematisches Modell Geographic information systems Geography Mathematical models Spatial analysis (Statistics) Geoinformationssystem |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008396876&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT molenaarmartien anintroductiontothetheoryofspatialobjectmodellingforgis |