Income inequality in America: an analysis of trends
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Armonk, NY [u.a.]
Sharpe
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Issues in work and human resources
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 229 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0765602334 |
Internformat
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| adam_text | Contents List of Tables and Figures ix
Foreword by Daniel J. B. Mitchell xiii
Preface xv
Chapter 1. The Income Distribution: Incomes as Outcomes 3
• Popular Impressions 5
• One s Position in the Income Distribution 11
• How the Income Distribution Changes 16
• Summary 23
Chapter 2. Concepts and Methods of Inequality Analysis 24
• Measuring Income and Income Inequality 24
• Data and Data Issues 40
• Analytical Issues 43
• Conclusion 44
Chapter 3. Inequality in the Post World War II Era 45
• An Overview 45
• 1947 to 1973: Rapid Income Growth,
Stable Income Inequality 50
• 1973 to 1996: Slow Income Growth, Rising Inequality 56
• Trends in Other Indicators 73
• Summing Up 80
Chapter 4. Trends in Earnings and Earnings Inequality 81
• The Changing Nature of the Labor Market 82
• Trends in Labor Market Earnings 88
• Growing Inequality in the Earnings Distribution 95
• Characteristics of High Earners and Low Earners 106
• A Final Comment 108
Chapter 5. Suggested Causes of Growing Inequality 109
• The Public s View and the Economists View 110
• Early Explanations 111
• Relative Wage Differences 115
• Growing Inequality Within Groups 119
• Trade vs. Technology 121
• From Labor Market Earnings to Household Income 122
• No Simple Explanations 130
Chapter 6. Inequality Before 1950 131
• Some Economic History 133
• Earnings and Wage Inequality 141
• Income Inequality 149
• Discussion 154
Chapter 7. International Comparisons 157
• The Emerging World Economy 158
• Measuring Inequality Across Nations 160
• Cross National Studies of Inequality 164
• Closing Remarks 177
Chapter 8. The Future 178
• How Much More Inequality? 179
• Can the Trend Level Off? 181
• An Improved Perspective on Inequality 186
Appendix A. Inequality Measures 189
Appendix B. Changes in the Current Population Survey 191
Appendix C. Statistics 193
Notes 199
Index 215
About the Author 229
List of Tables and Figures Tables
1.1 Economic, Social, and Demographic Factors Associated
with Income Levels 13
1.2 Gross and Net Income Changes: An Example 17
2.1 Equivalence Scale Implicit in the Federal Government s
Poverty Lines, 1996 31
2.2 Hypothetical Equivalence Scale Adjustments to
Family Incomes 32
2.3 Income Inequality Measures, 1979 and 1989 34
3.1 Real Family Income at Various Percentiles of the
Income Distribution, 1947, 1957, 1967, and 1973 51
3.2 Percentage of Income Received by Each Quintile
of Families, 1947, 1957,1967, and 1973 52
3.3 Real Household Income at Various Percentiles of the
Income Distribution, 1973,1979, and 1989 58
3.4 Percentage of Income Received by Each Quinti le
of Households, Selected Years 59
3.5 Real Household Income at Various Percentiles of the Income
Distribution, 1993 1996 68
3.6 Average Family Income to Poverty Ratio by Income Quintiles,
Selected Years 69
3.7 Percentage of Income Received by Household Quintiles and Gini
Index by Experimental Definition of Income, 1996 71
3.8 Job Displacement Rates (in percent) by Workers Occupation
and Industry Attachment, Selected Years 75
3.9 Health Insurance Coverage Status of the Population,
1987 1996 76
3.10 Percentage of Workers Who Worked Full Time, Year Round
with Low Earnings by Selected Characteristics, Selected Years 77
4.1 Changes in the Nature of the Labor Market, Selected Years 83
ix
x LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
4.2 Average Annual Percent Change in Weekly Earnings of
Men and Women at Various Percentiles of the Earnings
Distribution for Selected Periods Between 1963 and 1989 99
4.3 Estimates of Earnings Inequality in the 1963 1986 Period
from Other Sources 100
4.4 Ratios of Annual Earnings of Men Who Worked Full Time,
Year Round: Relative Education and Relative Experience
Earnings Differentials, 1971, 1979, and 1987 102
4.5 Distribution of Net Changes in Employment of Men
and Women Who Worked Full Time, Year Round
by Earnings Classes, 1979 1989 103
4.6 Percentile Ratios of Weekly Earnings of Men and Women Who
Worked Full Time (United States), 1979 and 1987 1995 105
4.7 Percentage of Full Time, Year Round Workers with High
Earnings and Low Earnings by Selected Characteristics,
1979 and 1994 107
5.1 Ratio of Median Annual Earnings of Full Time, Year Round
Workers Age 25 and Over Who Had College Educations to
Those Who Had High School Educations, by Sex, 1987 1996 116
5.2 Selected Social and Demographic Characteristics, 1950 1996 125
6.1 Real Gross National Product, Population, and Real Gross
National Product Per Capita, 1900,1940, 1946, and 1970 133
6.2 Selected Indicators of Economic Change, 1900 1949 134
6.3 Average Hourly Earnings of Skilled and Semi Skilled
Male Workers, Average Hourly Earnings of Unskilled
Male Workers, and the Pay Ratio, 1914 1948 145
6.4 Percentage of Aggregate Wage and Salary Income Received
by Each Quintile of Male Wage and Salary Recipients,
1939 and 1949 148
6.5 Real Income Growth in Average Family Personal Income,
1901 1950 150
6.6 Shares of Aggregate Family Personal Income by Quintiles of
the Income Distribution, 1929 1950 154
7.1 Trends in Earnings Inequality for Men in Selected
OECD Countries 166
7.2 Incidence of Low Paid Employment in Selected
OECD Countries 169
7.3 Gini Indexes and Shares of Disposable Income Received
by the Top 20 Percent and Bottom 10 Percent of Households
in Selected OECD Countries, Selected Years 173
8.1 Selected Measures of Income Inequality, 1979 and 1987 1996 182
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES xi
C 1 Households by Money Income Classes (in 1996 dollars),
1967 1996 194
C 2 Shares of Aggregate Money Income Received by
Household Income Quintiles and Top 5 Percent of
Households, 1967 1996 196
C 3 Household Income at Selected Percentiles of the
Household Income Distribution, 1967 1996 198
Figures
1.1 Percentage of Households by Income Class, 1996 6
1.2 Percentage of Aggregate Income Received by Each Quintile of
Households, 1996 7
1.3 The 95th to 20th Percentile Household Income Ratio,
1967 1996 8
1.4 Percentage of Households in Low , Middle , and High Income
Classes, 1967 1996 10
2.1 A Hypothetical Lorenz Curve 37
3.1 Real Median Family and Household Income, 1947 1996 47
3.2 Gini Indexes for Families and Households, 1947—1996 49
3.3 Changes in Family Income Inequality, 1947 1973 53
3.4 The Poverty Rate and Inequality 55
3.5 Changes in Real Household Incomes at Various Percentiles
of the Distribution, 1979 1987 60
3.6 Changes in Real Household Incomes at Various Percentiles
of the Distribution, 1989 1996 63
3.7 Change in Household Income Inequality, 1979 1982 and
1989 1992 64
3.8 Gini Index for Households Based on Experimental Income
Definition 15 and the Official Income Definition, 1979 1996 72
3.9 Rates of Poverty and Unemployment, 1947 1996 78
4.1 Trends in Real Earnings Measures, 1960 1996 91
4.2 Ratio of Weekly Earnings at the 90th Percentile to the 1 Oth
Percentile of Wage and Salary Workers, by Sex, 1963 1989 98
5.1 Percentage Change in Real Annual Wage and Salary Earnings
of Men and Women Who Worked Full Time, Year Round at
Selected Percentiles of Their Distributions, 1979 1989 117
5.2 Within Group Inequality as Measured by the Difference in Log
Residual Earnings at the 90th and 10th Percentiles of the
Distribution of Earnings Residuals for Men Who Worked
Full Time, Year Round in the Private Sector, 1979 1993 120
xii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
5.3 Married Couple Households as a Percentage of All Households
by Deciles of the Income Distribution, 1979 and 1994 124
6.1 Real Gross National Product Per Capita, 1900 1970 132
6.2 Trend in Real Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers
in Manufacturing, 1909 1950 142
6.3 Pay Ratio of Average Hourly Earnings of Skilled and Semi
Skilled Male Workers to the Average Hourly Earnings
of Unskilled Male Workers, 1914 1948 146
6.4 Shares of Aggregate Income (in percent) Received by Top
1 Percent and Top 5 Percent of the Population, 1913 1948 152
6.5 Estimated Gini Index for Families Between 1913 and 1947
(according to Smolensky and Plotnick) and the Actual Gini
Indexes for Families and Households Between 1947 and
1996 (according to the Census Bureau) 156
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| spelling | Ryscavage, Paul Verfasser aut Income inequality in America an analysis of trends Paul Ryscavage Armonk, NY [u.a.] Sharpe 1999 XVI, 229 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Issues in work and human resources Inkomensverdeling gtt Revenu - Répartition - États-Unis Revenu - Répartition - États-Unis ram Income distribution United States Verteilungsgerechtigkeit (DE-588)4127097-6 gnd rswk-swf Einkommensunterschied (DE-588)4151342-3 gnd rswk-swf Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd rswk-swf USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Einkommensunterschied (DE-588)4151342-3 s DE-604 Verteilungsgerechtigkeit (DE-588)4127097-6 s Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008383588&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ryscavage, Paul Income inequality in America an analysis of trends Inkomensverdeling gtt Revenu - Répartition - États-Unis Revenu - Répartition - États-Unis ram Income distribution United States Verteilungsgerechtigkeit (DE-588)4127097-6 gnd Einkommensunterschied (DE-588)4151342-3 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd |
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| title | Income inequality in America an analysis of trends |
| title_auth | Income inequality in America an analysis of trends |
| title_exact_search | Income inequality in America an analysis of trends |
| title_full | Income inequality in America an analysis of trends Paul Ryscavage |
| title_fullStr | Income inequality in America an analysis of trends Paul Ryscavage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Income inequality in America an analysis of trends Paul Ryscavage |
| title_short | Income inequality in America |
| title_sort | income inequality in america an analysis of trends |
| title_sub | an analysis of trends |
| topic | Inkomensverdeling gtt Revenu - Répartition - États-Unis Revenu - Répartition - États-Unis ram Income distribution United States Verteilungsgerechtigkeit (DE-588)4127097-6 gnd Einkommensunterschied (DE-588)4151342-3 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Inkomensverdeling Revenu - Répartition - États-Unis Income distribution United States Verteilungsgerechtigkeit Einkommensunterschied Einkommensverteilung USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008383588&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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