Theory and research on small groups:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
Plenum Press
1998
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Social psychological applications to social issues
4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 277 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0306456796 |
Internformat
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| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b Plenum Press |c 1998 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Petits groupes - Recherche | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126985143713792 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Theory and research on small groups
Autor: Tindale, R. Scott
Jahr: 1998
Contents
1. Small Group Research and Applied Social Psychology:
An Introduction........................................ 1
R. Scott Tindale and Elizabeth M. Anderson
Background and History...................................... 1
Overview of What Is to Come: Some General Themes............. 3
References................................................. 6
2. Cooperative Learning and Social Interdependence Theory....... 9
Daniel W. Johnson and Roger T. Johnson
Cooperative Learning ........................................ 9
Theory of Social Interdependence.............................. 10
Interaction Patterns.......................................... 13
Outcomes of Social Interdependence............................ 14
Effort to Achieve ......................................... 14
Positive Interpersonal Relationships .......................... 18
Psychological Adjustment and Social Competence............... 20
Reciprocal Relationships among the Three Outcomes ............ 22
Competitive and Individualistic Efforts........................ 23
Mediating Variables: The Basic Elements of Cooperation........... 23
Potential Group Performance................................ 23
The Basic Elements of Cooperation .......................... 24
Positive Interdependence: We Instead of Me ................... 25
Individual Accountability/Personal Responsibility ............... 27
Promotive (Face-to-Face) Interaction.......................... 28
Social Skills............................................. 28
Group Processing ......................................... 29
Summary................................................ 30
Enhancing Variables: Trust and Conflict......................... 31
Summary and Conclusions.................................... 31
References................................................. 33
£vi Contents
3. Training People to Work in Groups........................... 37
Richard L. Moreland, Linda Argote, and Ranjani Krishnan
Two Approaches to Group Training ............................ 38
Our Research Program ....................................... 42
Experiment One .......................................... 42
Experiment Two .......................................... 45
Experiment Three ......................................... 49
Looking Ahead............................................. 52
References................................................. 56
4. Natural Development of Community Leadership................ 61
John C. Glidewell, James G. Kelly, Margaret Bagby,
and Anna Dickerson
Conceptual Framework....................................... 61
The Context and Approach ................................... 63
The Developing Communities Project......................... 63
The Documentation Project ................................. 64
The Data Analysis .......................................... 65
Emerging Focal Concerns .................................... 65
The Beginning............................................ 65
The Nature of Focal Concerns............................... 66
Proximity, Similarity, Harmony, and Argument................. 67
Networks and Linkages .................................... 68
Impact, Confidence, and Reinforcement ....................... 68
Advocacy................................................ 69
Consensus and Crisis ...................................... 69
Activity and Leadership.................................... 70
Summary: Focal Concerns and Leader Identification............. 70
Development of Coalitions: The Bowl of Soup ................... 71
Concerted Action ......................................... 71
Conflict and Negotiation.................................... 72
Emergence of Dominant Coalitions........................... 73
The Context of Community Leadership ....................... 74
The Fear That Power Corrupts............................... 75
Long-Term Vision and the Next Step ......................... 76
The Social Authorization of Community Leaders.................. 77
Summary.................................................. 78
Implications for Public Policy and Future Research................ 80
Comments by Some of the Community Leaders Involved: A View
by a Liaison Person (Margaret Bagby) ...................... 80
Contents xvjj
Comment on Community Leadership: Theory and Practice (Anna M.
Dickerson)............................................. 82
References................................................. 84
5. Group Interventions in Cancer: The Benefits of Social Support
and Education on Patient Adjustment..................... 87
Donna M. Posluszny, Kelly B. Hyman, and Andrew Baum
Why Should Groups Help Cancer Patients? ...................... 88
Social Support............................................ 88
Social Comparison ........................................ 90
Coping and Modeling...................................... 91
Group Interventions for Cancer Distress......................... 92
How Well Do Group Interventions Work? ....................... 98
Group Context and Psychological Well-Being .................... 100
Conclusions................................................ 102
References................................................. 103
6. Applying Group Processes to International Conflict Analysis and
Resolution............................................. 107
Ronald J. Fisher
Interactive Conflict Resolution: Forms, Functions, and Outcomes .... 108
Group Development: One Out of Three ......................... 110
Facilitative Leadership: The Role of the Third Party............... 114
ICR as a Reeducation Experience .............................. 115
Group and Intergroup Problem Solving.......................... 117
Evaluating ICR Interventions.................................. 121
Conclusion................................................. 122
References................................................. 123
7. Improving Group Performance: The Case of the Jury........... 127
Steven Penrod and Larry Heuer
Prior Research on Notes and Questions as Jury Aids............... 132
Juror Questions............................................. 133
Evaluation of Purported Advantages of Juror Questions .......... 135
Evaluation of Purported Disadvantages of Juror Questions ........ 137
General Evaluations of Juror Questions by Judges and Attorneys ... 140
Juror Notetaking............................................ 140
Evaluation of the Purported Advantages of Juror Notetaking ...... 141
Evaluation of the Purported Disadvantages of Juror Notetaking----- 142
rviii Contents
Conclusions from Courtroom Experiments ....................... 144
Where Are the Advantages?................................... 144
Conclusions................................................ 149
References................................................. 150
8. An Evaluation of the Biasing Effects of Death Qualification:
A Meta-Analytic/Computer Simulation Approach............... 153
Joseph W. Filkins, Christine M. Smith, and R. Scott Tindale
Death Qualification and the Initial Debate ....................... 153
Research after Witherspoon ................................. 155
Court Cases since Witherspoon .............................. 157
Purpose of the Present Research ............................. 159
Meta-Analyses.............................................. 160
Literature Search.......................................... 160
Coding of Variables ....................................... 160
Results.................................................. 161
Computer Simulations ....................................... 165
Implications and Conclusions.................................. 171
References................................................. 173
9. Coordination in Task-Performing Groups...................... 177
Gwen M. Wittenbaum, Sandra I. Vaughan, and Garold Stasser
Tacit Coordination .......................................... 180
Supporting Literature ...................................... 180
Consequences of Tacit Coordination .......................... 184
Factors Moderating the Mode of Coordination.................... 188
Task Factors ............................................. 189
Group Composition Factors................................. 191
Temporal Factors ......................................... 193
Environmental Factors ..................................... 194
Implications and Conclusions.................................. 198
Implications for Practice.................................... 199
Implications for Research................................... 201
References................................................. 202
10. Groups, Technology, and Time: Use of Computers for
Collaborative Work .................................... 205
Joseph E. McGrath and Jennifer L. Berdahl
Groups Using Electronic Technology for Collaborative Work........ 206
Three Functions of Computer Use in Groups................... 206
Contents xjx
Group Task Performance Effectiveness........................ 207
Group Interaction Process .................................. 209
Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues................... 210
Concluding Comments ..................................... 212
Descriptions of Two Longitudinal Studies of Groups and Technology 213
JEMCO-1............................................... 213
JEMCO-2 ............................................... 214
Some Key Findings about Technology from the JEMCO Studies ... 214
Some Implications .......................................... 220
Theme 1: Technology Is Ubiquitous: It Both Drives and Constrains
Group Action ........................................ 220
Theme 2: Most Effects Involving Technology Are Interaction
Effects .............................................. 221
Theme 3: Groups Are Dynamic Systems That Change over Time .. 222
Concluding Comments: Implications for Groups Using Computers ... 224
References................................................. 226
11. Tapping the Power of Teams................................. 229
Ernest J. Savoie
Part 1: Looking Over the Landscape............................ 229
Part 2: The Ford Experience .................................. 231
Antecedents of Employee Involvement........................ 231
Expansion ............................................... 236
Part 3: Observations......................................... 240
Summary and Conclusions.................................... 242
References................................................. 243
12. Why Teams Don t Work .................................... 245
/. Richard Hackman
Mistakes Managers Make..................................... 248
Mistake 1: Use a Team for Work That Is Better Done by
Individuals........................................... 248
Mistake 2: Call the Performing Unit a Team but Really Manage
Members as Individuals ................................ 249
Mistake 3: Fall Off the Authority Balance Beam................ 250
Mistake 4: Dismantle Existing Organizational Structures So That
Teams Will Be Fully Empowered to Accomplish the Work 252
Mistake 5: Specify Challenging Team Objectives, but Skimp on
Organizational Supports........-----.................... 253
Mistake 6: Assume That Members Already Have All the Skills
They Need to Work Well as a Team ...................... 254
xx Contents
Why It Doesn t Happen ...................................... 256
The Co-Op Obstacle....................................... 257
The Corporate Obstacle.................................... 259
Roots of the Obstacles ..................................... 260
What It Takes .............................................. 261
Thinking Differently about Teams.............................. 264
References................................................. 266
Index ........................................................ 269
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| spelling | Theory and research on small groups ed. by R. Scott Tindale ... New York [u.a.] Plenum Press 1998 XX, 277 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Social psychological applications to social issues 4 Groupes, Petits ram Kleine groepen gtt Petits groupes Petits groupes - Aspect psychologique Petits groupes - Recherche Psychologie Small groups Small groups -- Psychological aspects Small groups -- Research Kleingruppenforschung (DE-588)4137905-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Kleingruppenforschung (DE-588)4137905-6 s DE-604 Tindale, R. Scott Sonstige oth Social psychological applications to social issues 4 (DE-604)BV003260106 4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008379308&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Theory and research on small groups Social psychological applications to social issues Groupes, Petits ram Kleine groepen gtt Petits groupes Petits groupes - Aspect psychologique Petits groupes - Recherche Psychologie Small groups Small groups -- Psychological aspects Small groups -- Research Kleingruppenforschung (DE-588)4137905-6 gnd |
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| title | Theory and research on small groups |
| title_auth | Theory and research on small groups |
| title_exact_search | Theory and research on small groups |
| title_full | Theory and research on small groups ed. by R. Scott Tindale ... |
| title_fullStr | Theory and research on small groups ed. by R. Scott Tindale ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Theory and research on small groups ed. by R. Scott Tindale ... |
| title_short | Theory and research on small groups |
| title_sort | theory and research on small groups |
| topic | Groupes, Petits ram Kleine groepen gtt Petits groupes Petits groupes - Aspect psychologique Petits groupes - Recherche Psychologie Small groups Small groups -- Psychological aspects Small groups -- Research Kleingruppenforschung (DE-588)4137905-6 gnd |
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