Cladistics: the theory and practice of parsimony analysis
"Systematics underpins all of biology. Cladistics is a method of systematic classification that aims to reconstruct genealogies based on common ancestry, thus revealing the phylogenetic relationships between taxa. Its applications vary from linguistic analysis to the study of conservation and b...
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
1998
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Systematics Association: Publication
11 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Systematics underpins all of biology. Cladistics is a method of systematic classification that aims to reconstruct genealogies based on common ancestry, thus revealing the phylogenetic relationships between taxa. Its applications vary from linguistic analysis to the study of conservation and biodiversity, and it has become a method of choice for comparative studies in all fields of biology." "For all students interested in the systematic relationships among organisms, this book provides an integrated, state-of-the-art account of the techniques and methods of modern cladistics, and how to put them into practice."--BOOK JACKET. |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 228 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0198501390 0198501382 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805083635696533504 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CLADISTICS SECOND EDITION THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARSIMONY ANALYSIS
IANJ. KITCHING, PETER L. FOREY, CHRISTOPHER J. HUMPHRIES, AND DAVID M.
WILLIAMS JECHNISC^E ' ISRVERS'TAT OARMSTADT FACHB~K!CH 10 * B'OLOGIE . *
B I B I I O T H E K * SCHPITTSOAHNSTRASE 10 D-642 8 7 DARMSTADT IHV.-NR.
S.^. X OXFORD NEW YORK TOKYO OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1998 CONTENTS LIST
OF AUTHORS XIII 1. INTRODUCTION TO CLADISTIC CONCEPTS , 1 1.1 DEFINITION
OF RELATIONSHIP * 1 1.2 TYPES OF CHARACTERS 2 1.3 PARSIMONY 5 1.4 GROUPS
10 1.5 CLADOGRAMS AND TREES , 15 1.6 TREE TERMINOLOGY 17 1.7 CHAPTER
SUMMARY 18 2. CHARACTERS AND CHARACTER CODING . 19 2.1 INTRODUCTION 19
2.1.1 FILTERS 19 2.2 KINDS OF CHARACTERS 20 2.2.1 QUALITATIVE AND
QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES 20 2.2.2 DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS VARIABLES 21
2.2.3 OVERLAPPING AND NON-OVERLAPPING CHARACTERS 22 2.3 CLADISTIC
CHARACTERS 23 2.3.1 DIAGNOSTIC AND SYSTEMATIC CHARACTERS 23 2.3.2
CHARACTER TRANSFORMATIONS 25 2.3.3 CHARACTERS AND CHARACTER STATES " 25
2.3.4 HOMOLOGY . ,\ 26 2.4 CHARACTER CODING FOR DISCRETE VARIABLES 27
2.4.1 MULTISTATE CHARACTERS*CHARACTER LINKAGE DURING ANALYSIS 29 2.4.2
BINARY CHARACTERS*CHARACTER LINKAGE DURING ANALYSIS 29 2.4.3
HIERARCHICAL CHARACTER LINKAGE 30 2.4.4 TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN CHARACTER
STATES: ORDER AND POLARITY 30 2.4.5 MISSING VALUES AND CODING 31 2.4.6
INFORMATION CONTENT AND THE CONGRUENCE TEST 32 2.5 MORPHOMETRIC DATA IN
CLADISTIC ANALYSIS 33 2.5.1 CODING MORPHOMETRIC DATA 33 2.5.2
GAP-WEIGHTING 33 2.6 DISCUSSION: CHARACTER DISCOVERY AND CODING 35 2.6.1
CHOICE OF CHARACTERS 35 2.6.2 " CODING 36 2.7 CHAPTER SUMMARY 37 X
CONTENTS 3. CLADOGRAM CONSTRUCTION, CHARACTER POLARITY AND ROOTING 3.1
DISCOVERING THE MOST PARSIMONIOUS CLADOGRAMS 3.1.1 HENNIGIAN
ARGUMENTATION 3.1.2 EXACT METHODS 3.1.3 HEURISTIC METHODS STEPWISE
ADDITION BRANCH-SWAPPING 3.2 CHARACTER POLARITY AND ROOTING 3.2.1
OUTGROUP COMPARISON 3.2.2 THE ONTOGENETIC CRITERION 3.2.3 ONTOGENETIC
CRITERION OR OUTGROUP COMPARISON*WHICH IS SUPERIOR? 3.2.4^ A PRIORI
MODELS OF CHARACTER STATE CHANGE . INGROUP COMMONALITY STRATIGRAPHY
BIOGEOGRAPHY FUNCTION/ADAPTIVE VALUE UNDERLYING SYNAPOMORPHY 3.2.5
POLARITY AND ROOTING A POSTERIORI 3.3 CHAPTER SUMMARY 4. OPTIMIZATION
AND THE EFFECTS OF MISSING VALUES 4.1 OPTIMALITY CRITERIA AND CHARACTER
OPTIMIZATION 4.1.1 WAGNER OPTIMIZATION 4.1.2 FITCH OPTIMIZATION 4.1.3
DOLLO OPTIMIZATION 4.1.4 CAMIN-SOKAL OPTIMIZATION 4.1.5 GENERALIZED
OPTIMIZATION 4.2 MISSING VALUES 4.3 CHAPTER SUMMARY 5. MEASURES OF
CHARACTER FIT AND CHARACTER WEIGHTING 5.1 MEASURES OF CHARACTER FIT
5.1.1 CLADOGRAM LENGTH 5.1.2 CONSISTENCY INDEX (CI) 5.1.3 ENSEMBLE
CONSISTENCY INDEX (CI) 5.1.4 PROBLEMS WITH THE CONSISTENCY INDEX ^ 5.1.5
RETENTION INDEX (RI) 5.1.6 ENSEMBLE RETENTION INDEX (RI) CONTENTS XI 5.2
CHARACTER WEIGHTING . 99 .'5.2.1 TYPES OF CHARACTER WEIGHTING * 100
5.2.2 A PRIORI WEIGHTING 100 CHARACTER ANALYSIS - 100 MORPHOLOGICAL DATA
101 MOLECULAR DATA 102 COMPATIBILITY ANALYSIS 108 5.2.3 A POSTERIORI
WEIGHTING 110 CLADISTIC CONSISTENCY 110 SUCCESSIVE WEIGHTING , 111
IMPLIED WEIGHTING 112 5.2.4 PROSPECTS 115 5.3 CHAPTER SUMMARY 116 6.
SUPPORT AND CONFIDENCE STATISTICS FOR CLADOGRAMS AND GROUPS 118 6.1
INTRODUCTION 118 6.2 RANDOMIZATION PROCEDURES APPLIED TO THE WHOLE
CLADOGRAM 118 6.2.1 DATA DECISIVENESS 119 6.2.2 DISTRIBUTION OF
CLADOGRAM LENGTHS (DCL) , 120 6.2.3 PERMUTATION TAIL PROBABILITY (PTP)
122 6.3 SUPPORT FOR INDIVIDUAL CLADES ON A CLADOGRAM . 126 6.3.1 BREMER
SUPPORT 127 6.3.2 RANDOMIZATION PROCEDURES 129 BOOTSTRAP . 129 JACKKNIFE
131 CLADE STABILITY INDEX 133 TOPOLOGY-DEPENDENT PERMUTATION TAIL
PROBABILITY (T-PTP) 134 6.4 SUMMARY 135 6.5 CHAPTER SUMMARY 136 7.
CONSENSUS TREES 139 7.1 INTRODUCTION . 139 7.2 STRICT CONSENSUS TREES
141 7.3 COMBINABLE COMPONENTS OR SEMI-STRICT CONSENSUS . 143 7.4
MAJORITY-RULE AND MEDIAN CONSENSUS TREES 145 7.5 NELSON CONSENSUS , 146
7.6 ADAMS CONSENSUS " 147 7.7 AGREEMENT SUBTREES OR COMMON PRUNED TREES
147 7.8 CONCLUSIONS 148 7.9 CHAPTER SUMMARY 149 XII CONTENTS 8.
SIMULTANEOUS AND PARTITIONED ANALYSIS 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 THEORETICAL
ISSUES 8.3 PARTITIONED ANALYSIS (TAXONOMIC CONGRUENCE) 8.3.1
INDEPENDENCE OF DATA SETS 8.3.2 CLADOGRAM SUPPORT 8.3.3 DIFFERENT SIZED
DATA SETS 8.4 SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS 8.4.1 RESOLUTION 8.4.2 ARBITRARY
CONSENSUS 8.5 CONDITIONAL DATA COMBINATION 8.6 OPERATIONAL DIFFICULTIES
8.7 CONCLUSIONS 8.8 CHAPTER SUMMARY 9. THREE-ITEM STATEMENTS ANALYSIS
9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.2 CODING 9.3 IMPLEMENTATION 9.3.1 BINARY CHARACTERS
9.3.2 MULTISTATE CHARACTERS 9.3.3 REPRESENTATION OF THREE-ITEM
STATEMENTS FOR ANALYSIS WITH CURRENT PARSIMONY PROGRAMS 9.3.4 CLADOGRAM
LENGTH AND THREE-ITEM STATEMENTS . 9.3.5 UNIFORM AND FRACTIONAL
WEIGHTING 9.3.6 MINIMAL CLADOGRAMS ' 9.3.7 OPTIMIZATION 9.3.8
INFORMATION MEASURES: CI AND RI 9.3.9 SUMMARY OF IMPLEMENTATION
PROCEDURES 9.4 PRECISION 9.5 CHAPTER SUMMARY REFERENCES 187 SUGGESTIONS
FOR FURTHER READING 196 GLOSSARY 199 APPENDIX: COMPUTER PROGRAMS 221
INDEX 223 |
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| dewey-full | 578.012 570/.1/2 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 578 - Natural history of organisms 570 - Biology |
| dewey-raw | 578.012 570/.1/2 |
| dewey-search | 578.012 570/.1/2 |
| dewey-sort | 3578.012 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| isbn | 0198501390 0198501382 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XII, 228 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
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| series | Systematics Association: Publication |
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| spelling | Cladistics the theory and practice of parsimony analysis Ian J. Kitching ... 2. ed. Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 1998 XII, 228 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Systematics Association: Publication 11 Oxford science publications "Systematics underpins all of biology. Cladistics is a method of systematic classification that aims to reconstruct genealogies based on common ancestry, thus revealing the phylogenetic relationships between taxa. Its applications vary from linguistic analysis to the study of conservation and biodiversity, and it has become a method of choice for comparative studies in all fields of biology." "For all students interested in the systematic relationships among organisms, this book provides an integrated, state-of-the-art account of the techniques and methods of modern cladistics, and how to put them into practice."--BOOK JACKET. Analyse cladistique ram Biología - Clasificación Cladistiek gtt Cladistic analysis Phylogenetische Systematik (DE-588)4174592-9 gnd rswk-swf Phylogenetische Systematik (DE-588)4174592-9 s DE-604 Kitching, Ian J. Sonstige oth Systematics Association: Publication 11 (DE-604)BV001890267 11 HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008373001&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cladistics the theory and practice of parsimony analysis Systematics Association: Publication Analyse cladistique ram Biología - Clasificación Cladistiek gtt Cladistic analysis Phylogenetische Systematik (DE-588)4174592-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4174592-9 |
| title | Cladistics the theory and practice of parsimony analysis |
| title_auth | Cladistics the theory and practice of parsimony analysis |
| title_exact_search | Cladistics the theory and practice of parsimony analysis |
| title_full | Cladistics the theory and practice of parsimony analysis Ian J. Kitching ... |
| title_fullStr | Cladistics the theory and practice of parsimony analysis Ian J. Kitching ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cladistics the theory and practice of parsimony analysis Ian J. Kitching ... |
| title_short | Cladistics |
| title_sort | cladistics the theory and practice of parsimony analysis |
| title_sub | the theory and practice of parsimony analysis |
| topic | Analyse cladistique ram Biología - Clasificación Cladistiek gtt Cladistic analysis Phylogenetische Systematik (DE-588)4174592-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Analyse cladistique Biología - Clasificación Cladistiek Cladistic analysis Phylogenetische Systematik |
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