Methods of seawater analysis:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Weinheim [u.a.]
Wiley-VCH
1999
|
| Ausgabe: | 3., completely rev. and extended ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XXXII, 600 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3527295895 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Methods of seawater analysis |c Klaus Grasshoff ... With contributions by: Leif G. Anderson ... |
| 250 | |a 3., completely rev. and extended ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim [u.a.] |b Wiley-VCH |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a XXXII, 600 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical oceanography | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Seawater |x Analysis | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126940622225408 |
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| adam_text | KLAUS GRASSHOFF/KLAUS KREMLING/ MANFRED EHRHARDT METHODS OF SEAWATER
ANALYSIS THIRD, COMPLETELY REVISED AND EXTENDED EDITION WITH
CONTRIBUTION BY: LEIF G. ANDERSON, MEINRAT O. ANDREAE, BRIGITTE
BEHRENDS, CONSTANT VAN DEN BERG, LUTZ BRIIGMANN, KATHRYN A. BURNS,
GUSTAVE CAUWET, JAN C. DUINKER, DAVID DYRSSEN, MANFRED EHRHARDT,
ELISABET FOGELQVIST, STIG FONSELIUS, HANS PETER HANSEN, ARNE KORTZINGER,
WOLFGANG KOEVE, FOLKE KOROLEFF, KLAUS KREMLING, JOACHIM KUSS, GERD
LIEBEZEIT, WILLARD S. MOORE, THOMAS J. MULLER, ANDREAS PRANGE, MICHIEL
RUTGERS VAN DER LOEFF, MARTINA SCHIRMACHER, DETLEF SCHULZ-BULL, PETER J.
STATHAM, DAVID R. TURNER, GIINTHER UHER, PETRA WALLERSTEIN, MARGARETA
WEDBORG, PETER J. LE B. WILLIAMS, BENGT YHLEN I WILEY-VCH WEINHEIM *
NEW YORK * CHICHESTER * BRISBANE * SINGAPORE * TORONTO CONTENTS LIST OF
CONTRIBUTORS XXXI 1 SAMPLING 1 L. BRIIGMANN AND K. KREMLING 1.1
INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 SAMPLING STRATEGY 2 1.3 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES 3 1.3.1
SURFACE WATER SAMPLING 4 1.3.2 WATER SAMPLERS FOR MAJOR HYDROCHEMICAL
VARIABLES 6 1.3.3 WATER SAMPLERS FOR TRACE CONSTITUENTS 12 1.3.3.1 TRACE
ELEMENTS 12 1.3.3.2 TRACE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 14 1.3.4 SPECIFIC SAMPLERS
15 1.3.5 COLLECTION OF MARINE PARTICLES 17 1.3.5.1 COLLECTION OF
SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (SPM) 17 1.3.5.2 COLLECTION OF SINKING
PARTICULATES 18 1.4 SAMPLING ERRORS 20 1.5 QUALITY CONTROL 22 1.5.1
PRECISION 22 1.5.2 ACCURACY 22 1.5.3 LIMIT OF DETECTION 23 REFERENCES TO
CHAPTER 1 24 FILTRATION AND STORAGE 27 K. KREMLING AND L. BRIIGMANN 2.1
FILTRATION 27 2.1.1 GENERAL REMARKS 27 2.1.2 FILTERS 28 2.1.3 FILTRATION
TECHNIQUES 30 2.1.3.1 VACUUM FILTRATION 31 X CONTENTS 2.1.3.2 PRESSURE
FILTRATION 31 2.1.3.3 IN SITU FILTRATION 31 2.1.3.4 CENTRIFUGATION 32
2.2 STORAGE 34 2.2.1 GENERAL REMARKS 34 2.2.2 STORAGE FOR THE
DETERMINATION OF MAJOR COMPOUNDS 34 2.2.3 STORAGE FOR THE DETERMINATION
OF NUTRIENTS 36 2.2.3.1 GENERAL REMARKS 36 2.2.3.2 REFRIGERATION 36
2.2.3.3 POISONING 37 2.2.4 STORAGE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE
ELEMENTS 38 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 2 39 3 DETERMINATION OF SALINITY 41 T.
J. MULLER 3.1 INTRODUCTION 41 3.2 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 42 3.3
DEFINITION OF SALINITY 42 3.3.1 EARLY CONCEPTS 42 3.3.2 THE PRACTICAL
SALINITY SCALE OF 1978 (PSS78) 44 3.4 MEASUREMENT OF THE CONDUCTIVITY
RATIO 48 3.5 SALINITY FROM BENCH SALINOMETERS 49 3.5.1 PURPOSE 49 3.5.2
STANDARD SEAWATER 49 3.5.3 SAMPLING 50 3.5.4 THE GUILDLINE AUTOSAL MODEL
8400 B 52 3.5.5 THE BECKMAN MODEL RS10 56 3.5.6 DATA LOGGING 58 3.5.7
SUBSTANDARDS 60 3.6 SALINITY FROM IN SITU MEASUREMENTS: CTD PROFILERS 62
3.6.1 PRINCIPLES 62 3.6.2 OPERATION OF CTD-ROSETTE SAMPLER SYSTEMS 63
3.6.3 CALIBRATION 64 3.6.4 DATA PROCESSING 68 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 3 73
CONTENTS XI 4 DETERMINATION OF OXYGEN 75 H. P. HANSEN 4.1 INTRODUCTION
75 4.2 PRINCIPLE OF THE DETERMINATION 77 4.3 ERROR SOURCES AND
INTERFERENCES 79 4.4 REAGENTS 80 4.5 INSTRUMENTS 81 4.6 PROCEDURE 84
4.6.1 STANDARDIZATION OF THE THIOSULPHATE SOLUTION 84 4.6.2 SUBSAMPLING
AND FIXATION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN 84 4.6.3 STORAGE 85 4.6.4 TITRATION 85
4.6.5 DETERMINATION OF THE REAGENT BLANK 85 4.6.6 CALCULATION OF THE
RESULT 86 4.6.7 ACCURACY AND PRECISION 88 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 4 89
DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE 91 S. FONSELIUS, D. DYRSSEN AND B.
YHLEN 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.1.1 5.3.1.2 5.3.1.3 5.3.1.4 5.3.1.5 5.3.1.6
5.3.1.7 5.3.1.8 5.3.1.9 5.3.2 5.3.2.1 5.3.2.2 5.3.2.3 INTRODUCTION 91
UNITS 92 ANALYTICAL METHODS 92 METHOD BY FONSELIUS 92 REAGENTS 93
SPECIAL APPARATUS 94 SAMPLING 94 PRESERVATION OF SAMPLES 94 PROCEDURE 94
ANALYSIS 95 DILUTION OF SAMPLES 95 STANDARDIZATION OF THE METHOD 95
CALIBRATION OF THE METHOD 96 METHOD BY CLINE 97 REAGENTS 97 SPECIAL
APPARATUS 98 SAMPLING 98 XII CONTENTS 5.3.2.4 PROCEDURE 98 5.3.2.5
ANALYSIS 98 5.3.2.6 STANDARDIZATION AND CALIBRATION OF THE METHOD 98
5.3.3 TITRATION METHODS 99 5.3.4 METHODS USING MERCURY COMPOUNDS 100
REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 5 100 6 DETERMINATION OF THIOSULPHATE AND SULPHUR
101 D. DYRSSEN, S. FONSELIUS AND B. YHLEN 6.1 INTRODUCTION 101 6.2
PRINCIPLE OF THE DETERMINATION OF THIOSULPHATE 102 6.2.1 APPARATUS 102
6.2.2 REAGENTS 102 6.2.3 SAMPLING AND STORAGE 103 6.2.4 PROCEDURE 103
6.2.4.1 STANDARDIZATION OF THE THIOSULPHATE SOLUTION 103 6.2.4.2
TITRATION OF THE SAMPLE 103 6.2.5 CALCULATION OF THE THIOSULPHATE
CONTENT OF THE SAMPLE 104 6.2.6 INTERFERENCES 104 6.3 PRINCIPLE OF THE
DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR 104 6.3.1 APPARATUS 105 6.3.2 REAGENTS 105
6.3.3 SAMPLING AND STORAGE 106 6.3.4 PROCEDURE 106 6.3.5 CALCULATIONS
106 6.3.6 INTERFERENCES 107 6.4 OTHER METHODS 107 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER
6 108 7 DETERMINATION OF PH 109 M. WEDBORG, D.R. TURNER, L.G. ANDERSON
AND D. DYRSSEN 7.1 INTRODUCTION 109 7.2 LIST OF SYMBOLS 109 7.3
DEFINITION OF PH 110 7.4 PH SCALES IN SEAWATER 112 CONTENTS XIII 7.5
MEASUREMENT OF PH 114 7.5.1 POTENTIOMETRY 114 7.5.1.1 THEORY 114 7.5.1.2
TRIS BUFFERS 115 7.5.1.3 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 116 7.5.2
SPECTROPHOTOMETRY 118 7.5.2.1 THEORY 118 7.5.2.2 INDICATOR PK VALUES FOR
SEAWATER 120 7.5.2.3 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES 120 7.5.3 COMPARISON OF THE
VARIOUS TECHNIQUES 123 7.5.4 CORRECTION OF PH TO IN SITU CONDITIONS 123
7.5.4.1 EMPIRICAL EQUATIONS FOR CORRECTION TO IN SITU TEMPERATURE 124
7.5.4.2 EMPIRICAL EQUATIONS FOR CORRECTION TO IN SITU PRESSURE 124
REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 7 125 8 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL ALKALINITY AND
TOTAL DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON 127 L.G. ANDERSON, D.R. TURNER, M.
WEDBORG AND D. DYRSSEN 8.1 INTRODUCTION 127 8.2 LIST OF SYMBOLS 128 8.3
SAMPLING AND REFERENCE MATERIALS 129 8.3.1 SAMPLING 129 8.3.2 STANDARD
REFERENCE MATERIALS 129 8.4 TOTAL ALKALINITY 130 8.4.1 DEFINITION 130
8.4.2 POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATIONS 130 8.4.2.1 INSTRUMENTATION 130 8.4.2.2
ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE 131 8.4.2.3 EVALUATION PROCEDURES 131 8.4.3 BACK
TITRATION METHOD 135 8.4.3.1 REAGENTS 135 8.4.3.2 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE
135 8.4.3.3 CALCULATION OF RESULTS 135 8.4.3.4 PRECISION AND ACCURACY
136 8.5 TOTAL DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON 136 8.5.1 POTENTIOMETRIC
TITRATIONS 136 8.5.2 COULOMETRIC DETERMINATION TECHNIQUE 136 8.5.2.1
INSTRUMENTATION 137 8.5.2.2 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE 139 8.5.2.3 CALCULATION
AND EXPRESSION OF RESULTS 140 XIV CONTENTS 8.6 THERMODYNAMIC
CALCULATIONS OF THE CO2 SYSTEM IN SEAWATER 141 8.6.1 EQUATIONS
DESCRIBING THE CO 2 SYSTEM IN SEAWATER 141 8.6.2 SELECTION OF STABILITY
CONSTANTS 142 8.6.3 CALCULATIONS WITH TWO MEASURED CO 2 PARAMETERS 143
8.6.3.1 CALCULATIONS WITH PH AND AT MEASURED 143 8.6.3.2 CALCULATIONS
WITH PH AND /(CO 2 ) MEASURED 143 8.6.3.3 CALCULATIONS WITH PH AND C T
MEASURED 144 8.6.3.4 CALCULATIONS WITH A T AND C T MEASURED 144 8.6.3.5
CALCULATIONS WITH A T AND/(CO 2 ) MEASURED 144 8.6.3.6 CALCULATIONS WITH
C T AND/(CO 2 ) MEASURED 144 8.6.4 ERRORS ARISING FROM THE CALCULATIONS
144 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 8 146 APPENDIX 8 A 147 9 DETERMINATION OF
CARBON DIOXIDE PARTIAL PRESSURE (P(CO 2 )) 149 A. KORTZINGER 9.1
INTRODUCTION 149 9.2 PRINCIPLE OF THE MEASUREMENT 149 9.3 APPARATUS FOR
CONTINUOUS MODE OF OPERATION 150 9.3.1 THE EQUILIBRATOR 150 9.3.2 THE
ANALYTICAL SYSTEM 152 9.4 REAGENTS 154 9.4.1 CALIBRATION GASES 154 9.4.2
GAS PURIFICATION REAGENTS 155 9.5 CALCULATION OF RESULTS 155 9.6
ACCURACY 157 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 9 158 10 DETERMINATION OF NUTRIENTS
159 H.P. HANSEN AND F. KOROLEFF 10.1 INTRODUCTION 159 10.1.1 OCEANIC
DISTRIBUTIONS OF NUTRIENTS 159 10.1.2 CHEMISTRY OF NUTRIENTS IN THE
MARINE ENVIRONMENT 160 CONTENTS XV 10.2 ANALYTICAL METHODS 162 10.2.1
PRETREATMENT OF SAMPLES 164 10.2.2 THE MATRIX 165 10.2.3 REFERENCES AND
STANDARD MATERIALS 167 10.2.4 CALIBRATION, BLANK DETERMINATION AND
CALCULATION PROCEDURES 168 10.2.5 DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED INORGANIC
PHOSPHATE 170 10.2.5.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 170 10.2.5.2 RANGE AND
PRECISION 171 10.2.5.3 INTERFERENCES 172 10.2.5.4 REAGENTS 173 10.2.5.5
ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 174 10.2.6 DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED INORGANIC
PHOSPHATE IN THE PRESENCE OF ARSENIC 175 10.2.6.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE
METHOD 175 10.2.6.2 REAGENTS 175 10.2.6.3 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 175
10.2.7 DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED INORGANIC PHOSPHATE BY AN EXTRACTION
PROCEDURE (HIGH-SENSITIVITY METHOD) 175 10.2.7.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD
176 10.2.7.2 RANGE AND PRECISION 176 10.2.7.3 INTERFERENCES 176 10.2.7.4
REAGENTS 176 10.2.7.5 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE 176 10.2.8 DETERMINATION OF
NITRITE 177 10.2.8.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 177 10.2.8.2 RANGE AND
PRECISION 177 10.2.8.3 INTERFERENCES 178 10.2.8.4 REAGENTS 178 10.2.8.5
ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 179 10.2.9 DETERMINATION OF NITRATE 180 10.2.9.1
PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 180 10.2.9.2 RANGE AND PRECISION 182 10.2.9.3
INTERFERENCES 182 10.2.9.4 REAGENTS 183 10.2.9.5 PREPARATION OF THE
REDUCTOR 183 10.2.9.6 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 185 10.2.10 DETERMINATION OF
AMMONIA 188 10.2.10.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 188 10.2.10.2 RANGE AND
PRECISION 189 10.2.10.3 INTERFERENCES 189 10.2.10.4 REAGENTS 190
10.2.10.5 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 191 10.2.11 DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED
INORGANIC SILICATE 193 10.2.11.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 193 10.2.11.2
RANGE AND PRECISION 194 10.2.11.3 INTERFERENCES 194 10.2.11.4 REAGENTS
195 10.2.11.5 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 196 XVI CONTENTS 10.2.12
DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND SILICON IN PARTICULATE AND
DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER 198 10.2.12.1 EQUIPMENT 199 10.2.12.2
CALIBRATION AND CALCULATION OF TOTAL AND ORGANIC NUTRIENTS 199 10.2.13
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL AND ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS BY ACID PERSULPHATE
OXIDATION 200 10.2.13.1 REAGENTS 200 10.2.13.2 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE 200
10.2.14 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL AND ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS BY ALKALINE
PERSULPHATE OXIDATION 201 10.2.14.1 REAGENTS 201 10.2.14.2 ANALYTICAL
PROCEDURE 202 10.2.14.3 DILUTION FACTORS (SEE SECTION 10.2.12.2) 202
10.2.15 DETERMINATION OF POLYPHOSPHATES 202 10.2.15.1 ANALYTICAL
PROCEDURE 202 10.2.16 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL AND ORGANIC NITROGEN AFTER
PERSULPHATE OXIDATION 203 10.2.16.1 RANGE AND PRECISION OF THE METHOD
204 10.2.16.2 REAGENTS 204 10.2.16.3 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE 205 10.2.17
SIMULTANEOUS OXIDATION OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS WITH
PERSULPHATE 205 10.2.17.1 RANGE AND PRECISION OF THE METHOD 205
10.2.17.2 OXIDIZING REAGENT 206 10.2.17.3 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE 206
10.2.18 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL SILICON 206 10.2.18.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE
METHOD 206 10.2.18.2 REAGENTS 207 10.2.18.3 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE 207
10.2.19 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL SILICON BY CARBONATE FUSION 208 10.2.19.1
REAGENTS 208 10.2.19.2 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE 208 10.3 AUTOMATED NUTRIENT
ANALYSIS 208 10.3.1 PRINCIPLE OF AUTOMATED ANALYSIS 209 10.3.2 THE
SAMPLER 211 10.3.3 THE PROPORTIONING PUMP 213 10.3.4 THE ANALYTICAL
MANIFOLD 215 10.3.4.1 STANDARD MANIFOLD COMPONENTS 216 10.3.4.2 HEATING
AND COOLING 218 10.3.4.3 SPECIAL DEVICES 219 10.3.4.4 THE FLOW-THROUGH
SPECTROPHOTOMETER 220 10.3.5 DATA ACQUISITION 221 10.3.6 SYSTEM
CALIBRATION 223 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 10 226 CONTENTS XVII 11
DETERMINATION OF THE MAJOR CONSTITUENTS 229 K. KREMLING 11.1
INTRODUCTION 229 11.2 ANALYTICAL METHODS 230 11.2.1 CALCIUM 230 11.2.1.1
PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 230 11.2.1.2 REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT 231 11.2.1.3
STANDARDIZATION OF THE EGTA SOLUTION 231 11.2.1.4 ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLE
232 11.2.1.5 CALCULATION OF RESULTS 232 11.2.1.6 PRECISION 232 11.2.1.7
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC EGTA TITRATION WITH ZINCON AND ZN-EGTA AS INDIRECT
INDICATOR 233 11.2.2 MAGNESIUM 233 11.2.2.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 233
11.2.2.2 REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT 234 11.2.2.3 STANDARDIZATION OF EDTA
SOLUTION 234 11.2.2.4 ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLE 235 11.2.2.5 CALCULATION OF
RESULTS 236 11.2.2.6 PRECISION 236 11.2.2.7 ION-EXCHANGE SEPARATION OF
MAGNESIUM 237 11.2.3 POTASSIUM 237 11.2.3.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 237
11.2.3.2 REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT 237 11.2.3.3 ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLE 238
11.2.3.4 CALCULATION OF RESULTS 238 11.2.3.5 PRECISION 238 11.2.3.6
POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD 239 11.2.4 CHLORINITY (HIGH PRECISION METHOD) 239
11.2.4.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 239 11.2.4.2 REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT 240
11.2.4.3 STANDARDIZATION OF THE SILVER NITRATE SOLUTIONS 240 11.2.4.4
TITRATION OF THE SAMPLE 241 11.2.4.5 CALCULATION OF THE CHLORINITY 242
11.2.4.6 PRECISION 242 11.2.5 SULPHATE 242 11.2.5.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE
METHOD 242 11.2.5.2 REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT 243 11.2.5.3 ANALYSIS OF THE
SAMPLE 243 11.2.5.4 CALCULATION OF RESULTS 243 11.2.5.5 PRECISION 244
11.2.5.6 POTENTIOMETRIC BACK-TITRATION METHOD 244 11.2.6 BROMIDE 244
11.2.6.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 244 11.2.6.2 REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT 244
XVIII CONTENTS 11.2.6.3 STANDARDIZATION OF THE SODIUM THIOSULPHATE
SOLUTION 245 11.2.6.4 ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLE 245 11.2.6.5 CALCULATION OF
RESULTS 246 11.2.6.6 PRECISION 246 11.2.7 BORON 246 11.2.7.1 PRINCIPLE
OF THE METHOD 246 11.2.7.2 REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT 247 11.2.7.3 ANALYSIS
OF THE SAMPLE 247 11.2.7.4 CALIBRATION 247 11.2.7.5 CALCULATION OF
RESULTS 248 11.2.7.6 PRECISION 248 11.2.7.7 MANNITOL-BORIC ACID METHOD
248 11.2.8 FLUORIDE 248 11.2.8.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 248 11.2.8.2
REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT 249 11.2.8.3 ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLE 249 11.2.8.4
CALIBRATION 250 11.2.8.5 CALCULATION OF RESULTS 250 11.2.8.6 PRECISION
250 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 11 250 12 DETERMINATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS 253
12.1-12.2.2 K. KREMLING 12.2.3 M.O.ANDREAE 12.2.4 L. BRIIGMANN 12.3
C.M.G. VAN DEN BERG 12.4 A. PRANGE AND M. SCHIRMACHER 12.5 F.
KOROLEFFAND K. KREMLING 12.6 L. BRIIGMANN AND]. KUSS 12.1 INTRODUCTION
253 12.1.1 OCEANIC CONCENTRATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS 253 12.1.2
ANALYTICAL OPTIONS 256 12.1.3 WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND SAMPLE HANDLING
257 12.1.4 MATERIALS AND CLEANING PROCEDURES 259 12.1.5 PURIFICATION OF
REAGENTS 261 12.1.6 REFERENCE MATERIALS 263 12.2 ANALYSIS BY ATOMIC
ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY 263 12.2.1 CADMIUM, COBALT, COPPER, IRON, LEAD,
NICKEL AND ZINC BY ETAAS 263 12.2.1.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 264
12.2.1.2 REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT 267 12.2.1.3 ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLE 268
12.2.1.4 CALCULATION OF RESULTS 270 12.2.1.5 PRECISION, BLANK
DETERMINATION AND DETECTION LIMITS 271 CONTENTS XIX 12.2.2 DETERMINATION
OF MANGANESE 272 12.2.2.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 272 12.2.2.2 REAGENTS
AND EQUIPMENT 272 12.2.2.3 ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLE 273 12.2.2.4
CALCULATION OF RESULTS 273 12.2.2.5 PRECISION AND BLANK DETERMINATION
273 12.2.3 ARSENIC, ANTIMONY AND GERMANIUM 274 FF. 12.2.3.1 ARSENIC 274
12.2.3.2 ANTIMONY 281 12.2.3.3 GERMANIUM 286 12.2.4 MERCURY 294 12.2.4.1
INTRODUCTION 294 12.2.4.2 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 294 12.2.4.3 REAGENTS
AND EQUIPMENT 295 12.2.4.4 ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLE 297 12.2.4.5
CALCULATION OF RESULTS 299 12.2.4.6 PRECISION AND DETERMINATION OF
BLANKS 300 12.2.4.7 SPECIATION STUDIES 301 12.2.4.8 AUTOMATION 302 12.3
ANALYSIS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS 302 12.3.1 INTRODUCTION 302 12.3.2
POTENTIAL SCANNING METHODS 303 12.3.3 CATHODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY 305
12.3.4 SAMPLE PRE-TREATMENT 305 12.3.5 EQUIPMENT 306 12.3.5.1 EQUIPMENT
PRE-TREATMENT 306 12.3.6 REAGENTS 307 12.3.6.1 REAGENT PURIFICATION 307
12.3.7 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 308 12.3.7.1 COPPER 308 12.3.7.2 ZINC 311
12.3.7.3 NICKEL 313 12.3.7.4 CHROMIUM 315 12.3.7.5 COBALT 318 12.4
ANALYSIS BY TOTAL-REFLECTION X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY (TXRF)
12.4.1 INTRODUCTION 320 12.4.2 ANALYTICAL METHOD 321 12.4.2.1 PRINCIPLE
OF THE TXRF TECHNIQUE 322 12.4.2.2 ANALYTICAL FEATURES OF THE INSTRUMENT
324 12.4.2.3 SAMPLE PRE-TREATMENT 328 12.4.2.4 APPARATUS AND REAGENTS
331 12.4.2.5 ANALYSIS OF SEAWATER 334 12.4.2.6 ANALYSIS OF SOLID SAMPLES
337 12.4.2.7 BLANKS, DETECTION LIMITS, PRECISION AND ACCURACY 338 320 XX
CONTENTS 12.5 12.5 ANALYSIS BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY 340 12.5.1 IRON 340
12.5.1.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 340 12.5.1.2 REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT 340
12.5.1.3 ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLE 341 12.5.1.4 CALIBRATION 341 12.5.1.5
CALCULATION OF RESULTS 342 12.5.1.6 PRECISION AND BLANK DETERMINATION
342 12.5.2 MANGANESE 342 12.5.2.1 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 342 12.5.2.2
REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT 343 12.5.2.3 ANALYSIS OF THE SAMPLE 343 12.5.2.4
CALIBRATION 344 12.5.2.5 CALCULATION OF RESULTS 344 12.5.2.6 PRECISION
AND BLANK DETERMINATION 344 12.6 ANALYSIS OF MARINE PARTICLES 345 12.6.1
INTRODUCTION 345 12.6.2 METHODS OF SAMPLING 345 12.6.2.1 SAMPLING BY
PRESSURE FILTRATION 345 12.6.2.2 SAMPLING BY IN SITU FILTRATION 347
12.6.2.3 SAMPLING BY CONTINUOUS-FLOW CENTRIFUGATION 348 12.6.2.4
SAMPLING BY SEDIMENT TRAPS 349 12.6.3 SAMPLE PRE-TREATMENT 350 12.6.3.1
WEAK ACIDIC LEACHING 350 12.6.3.2 TOTAL DIGESTION 351 12.6.3.3
SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION 353 12.6.4 INSTRUMENTAL DETECTION 354 12.6.4.1
INSTRUMENTAL DETECTION BY AAS 355 12.6.4.2 INSTRUMENTAL DETECTION BY
ICP-AES 356 12.6.4.3 CALCULATION OF RESULTS 358 12.6.4.4 ACCURACY,
PRECISION AND BLANK VALUES 358 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 12 359 13
DETERMINATION OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVE TRACERS 365 M. M. RUTGERS VAN DER
LOEFF AND W. S. MOORE 13.1 INTRODUCTION 365 13.2 SAMPLING 368 13.2.1
LARGE-VOLUME SAMPLING 368 13.2.2 PARTICULATE FRACTION 369 13.2.3
DISSOLVED FRACTION 369 13.2.3.1 EXTRACTION WITH MNO 2 -COATED FIBRES 369
13.2.3.2 REMOVAL OF ADSORBED ELEMENTS FROM MN-FIBRE 372 CONTENTS XXI
13.3 ANALYTICAL OPTIONS 372 13.3.1 RADIOMETRY VERSUS MASS SPECTROMETRY
372 13.3.2 RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS 372 13.4 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
LABORATORY 373 13.5 REAGENTS, SPIKES AND STANDARDS 374 13.6 INSTRUMENTAL
TECHNIQUES WITHOUT RADIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION 376 13.6.1 DESTRUCTIVE
VERSUS NON-DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES 376 13.6.2 PARTICULATE MATTER: DIRECT
COUNTING OF FILTERS 376 13.6.2.1 GAMMA SPECTROMETRY 376 13.6.2.2 BETA
COUNTING 377 13.6.3 DISSOLVED FRACTION: COUNTING OF FIBRE OR PRECIPITATE
378 13.6.3.1 MNO 2 -COATED CARTRIDGES 378 13.6.3.2 MNO 2 PRECIPITATE 379
13.6.3.3 BASO 4 380 13.6.3.4 FE(OH) 3 380 13.7 RADIOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR
THE SEPARATION OF TH-PO-PB 380 13.7.1 GENERAL ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
380 13.7.2 TOTAL DIGESTION 381 13.7.3 FE(OH) 3 PRECIPITATION 381 13.7.4
POLONIUM PLATING 381 13.7.5 CHLORIDE COLUMN 382 13.7.6 NITRATE COLUMN
382 13.7.7 THORIUM PLATING 382 13.8 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES OF SELECTED
NUCLIDES 383 13.8.1 234 TH 383 13.8.2 210 PB AND 210 PO 385 13.8.3 7 BE
385 13.8.4 A COMBINED PROCEDURE FOR MEASUREMENT OF DISSOLVED 234 TH, 21U
PB AND 210 PO IN 20 L SAMPLES 385 13.8.5 RADIUM AND RADON MEASUREMENTS
IN SEAWATER 386 13.8.5.1 ALPHA SCINTILLATION MEASUREMENT OF 226 RA AND
222 RN 386 13.8.5.2 MEASUREMENT OF 228 RA VIA 228 TH INGROWTH 388
13.8.5.3 GAMMA SPECTROMETRY MEASUREMENT OF 226 RA AND 228 RA 389
13.8.5.4 DELAYED COINCIDENCE MEASUREMENT OF 223 RA AND 224 RA 391
13.8.5.5 ALPHA SPECTROMETRY MEASUREMENT OF 226 RA, 228 RA, 223 RA AND
224 RA 393 13.9 PROPAGATION OF ERRORS 394 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 13 395
XXII CONTENTS 14 IN SITU DETERMINATION OF PH AND OXYGEN 399 H. P. HANSEN
14.1 INTRODUCTION 399 14.2 IN SITU DETERMINATION OF PH 399 14.3 IN SITU
DETERMINATION OF OXYGEN 400 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 14 405 15
DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON AND NITROGEN BY HIGH
TEMPERATURE COMBUSTION 407 G. CAUWET 15.1 INTRODUCTION 407 15.1.1
ORGANIC MATTER OR ORGANIC CARBON ANALYSIS 407 15.1.2 DOC AND DON IN
SEAWATER 407 15.1.3 WET VERSUS DRY METHODS 408 15.2 METHODS AND
INSTRUMENTS 408 15.2.1 DRY COMBUSTION OR HIGH TEMPERATURE CATALYTIC
OXIDATION (HTCO) 408 15.2.2 SOME INSTRUMENTS 409 15.3 PREPARATION OF
SAMPLES 409 15.3.1 CONTAMINATION PROBLEMS 409 15.3.2 SAMPLING 410 15.3.3
FILTRATION 411 15.3.4 SAMPLE STORAGE 411 15.4 BLANKS 412 15.4.1 WATER
BLANK 412 15.4.2 INSTRUMENT BLANK 412 15.5 CALIBRATION 414 15.5.1 CARBON
CALIBRATION 414 15.5.2 NITROGEN CALIBRATION 416 15.6 SAMPLES PROCESSING
416 15.6.1 REMOVAL OF INORGANIC CARBON 416 15.6.2 DETERMINATION OF DOC
417 15.6.3 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL DISSOLVED NITROGEN (TDN) 418 15.6.4
PERSONAL COMMENTS 419 15.7 CONCLUSIONS 419 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 15 420
CONTENTS XXIII 16 16.1 16.2 16.2.1 16.2.2 16.2.3 16.2.4 16.3 16.4 16.5
16.6 16.6.1 16.6.2 16.6.3 16.6.4 16.6.5 16.6.6 16.7 16.7.1 16.7.2 16.7.3
16.7.4 16.8 16.8.1 16.8.2 16.8.3 16.8.4 16.8.5 16.9 16.10 16.11 THE
AUTOMATED DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON BY ULTRAVIOLET
PHOTOOXIDATION 421 P.J. STATHAM ANDP.J. LE B. WILLIAMS INTRODUCTION 421
ANALYTICAL STRATEGY 423 REMOVAL OF INORGANIC CARBON 423 OXIDATION OF
ORGANIC CARBON TO CARBON DIOXIDE 424 CARBON DIOXIDE DETECTION 425
SAMPLING, FILTRATION AND STORAGE 425 SAMPLING 426 FILTRATION 426 SAMPLE
STORAGE 427 ANALYSIS 427 EQUIPMENT 427 INITIAL REMOVAL OF INORGANIC
CARBON 428 THE IRRADIATOR ASSEMBLY 428 REMOVAL OF CARBON DIOXIDE FROM
THE IRRADIATED SAMPLE, AND DRYING OF THE GAS STREAM 429 DETERMINATION OF
CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE GAS STREAM BY AN IRGA THE AUTOANALYSER MANIFOLD
430 REAGENTS AND STANDARDS 431 LOW ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT (LOCC) WATER
431 ANALYTICAL REAGENTS 432 STANDARDS 432 OXYGEN SUPPLY 432 ANALYTICAL
PROCEDURE 433 PRE-ANALYSIS STEPS 433 ANALYSIS 433 SAMPLING FREQUENCY 433
BLANKS AND CALIBRATION 434 SYSTEM SHUT-DOWN 434 DATA ANALYSIS 434 METHOD
PERFORMANCE 435 IDENTIFICATION AND SOLUTION OF COMMON PROBLEMS 435
REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 16 436 430 XXIV CONTENTS 17 DETERMINATION OF
PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON AND NITROGEN 437 M. EHRHARDT AND W. KOEVE
17.1 INTRODUCTION 437 17.2 THE ELEMENTAL RATIO OF CARBON AND NITROGEN
438 17.3 SAMPLING AND FILTRATION 438 17.3.1 FILTRATION OF SUSPENDED
PARTICLES 438 17.4 SAMPLE PRESERVATION 439 17.5 SEPARATION OF
PARTICULATE INORGANIC CARBON FROM PARTICULATE ORGANIC CARBON 440 17.6
ANALYSIS 441 17.6.1 APPARATUS 441 17.6.2 REAGENTS, ANALYTICAL GRADE 441
17.6.3 PRINCIPLE OF THE ANALYSIS 442 17.6.4 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE 442
17.7 CALIBRATION 443 17.8 BLANKS 443 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 17 443 18
PREPARATION OF LIPOPHILIC ORGANIC SEAWATER CONCENTRATES 445 M. EHRHARDT
AND K. A. BURNS 18.1 INTRODUCTION 445 18.2 OUTLINE OF THE METHOD 446
18.3 REAGENTS 447 18.4 APPARATUS AND GLASSWARE 448 18.5 CLEANING OF THE
RESIN 449 18.6 RESIN BLANKS 450 18.7 STORAGE OF ADSORPTION COLUMNS 450
18.8 SAMPLE PREPARATION 450 18.9 SAMPLE STORAGE 451 REFERENCES TO
CHAPTER 18 451 CONTENTS XXV 19 ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY OF ORGANIC
SEAWATER CONCENTRATES 453 M. EHRHARDT AND K.A. BURNS 19.1 INTRODUCTION
453 19.2 OUTLINE OF METHOD 453 19.3 REAGENTS 453 19.4 APPARATUS AND
GLASSWARE 454 19.5 CLEANING OF SILICA GEL 454 19.5.1 CLEANING BY SOXHLET
EXTRACTION 455 19.5.2 CLEANING BY CONTINUOUS EXTRACTION 455 19.6
PREPARING A SEPARATION COLUMN 455 19.7 SAMPLE SEPARATION 456 REFERENCES
TO CHAPTER 19 457 20 CLEAN-UP OF ORGANIC SEAWATER CONCENTRATES 459 D.E.
SCHULZ-BULLAND J.C. DUINKER 20.1 INTRODUCTION 459 20.1.1 PARTICULAR
APPLICATIONS 459 20.1.2 GENERAL REMARKS 460 20.2 REAGENTS AND EQUIPMENT
460 20.2.1 CLEANING PROCEDURES 461 20.2.2 CALIBRATION OF THE HPLC SYSTEM
462 20.2.3 PROCEDURAL BLANKS 462 20.3 COMPOUND GROUP SEPARATION OF
SEAWATER SAMPLES 463 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 20 465 21 DETERMINATION OF
PETROLEUM RESIDUES DISSOLVED AND/OR FINELY DISPERSED IN SURFACE SEAWATER
467 M. EHRHARDT AND K.A. BURNS 21.1 INTRODUCTION 467 21.2 PRINCIPLE OF
THE METHOD 468 XXVI CONTENTS 21.3 REAGENTS 469 21.4 APPARATUS 469 21.5
CLEANING OF GLASSWARE 471 21.6 SAMPLING AND SAMPLE STORAGE 471 21.7
COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHIC CLEAN-UP 472 21.8 BLANKS 472 21.9
SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC ANALYSIS 472 21.10 CALIBRATION AND QUANTIFICATION
473 21.11 SOURCES OF ERROR 474 21.12 SENSITIVITY AND RANGE OF THE METHOD
475 21.13 SPECTRAL SCANNING FOR SOURCE IDENTIFICATION 475 REFERENCES TO
CHAPTER 21 477 22 DETERMINATION OF SELECTED ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS IN
SEAWATER 479 J. C. DUINKER AND D. E. SCHULZ-BULL 22.1 INTRODUCTION 479
22.1.1 ORGANOCHLORINES IN SEAWATER 479 22.2 SAMPLING 482 22.2.1 GENERAL
REMARKS 482 22.2.2 SAMPLING AND FILTRATION OF SEAWATER 482 22.2.2.1
SURFACE WATER SAMPLING 483 22.2.2.2 DEEP-WATER SAMPLING 483 22.3
LABORATORY PROCEDURES 484 22.3.1 CLEANING AND STORAGE OF GLASSWARE,
FILTERS, CHEMICALS AND SOLVENTS 485 22.3.2 ANALYTE ENRICHMENT 486 22.3.3
VOLUME REDUCTION OF ORGANIC SOLVENTS AND SOLUTIONS 488 22.3.4 EXTRACTION
OF FILTERS 488 22.3.5 COMPOUND-CLASS SEPARATION OF EXTRACTS BY HPLC 488
22.4 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION AND DETECTION 489 22.4.1 CAPILLARY
COLUMNS AND OPERATING CONDITIONS 489 CONTENTS XXVII 22.4.2 SINGLE COLUMN
AND MULTI-DIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY 490 22.4.3 GASES AND GAS
SUPPLIES 491 22.4.3.1 SELECTION OF CARRIER GAS 492 22.4.3.2 CARRIER GAS
IMPURITIES 492 22.4.3.3 LEAKS 493 22.4.4 SAMPLE INJECTION 493 22.4.5
DETECTORS 494 22.4.5.1 THE ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTOR (ECD) 494 22.4.5.2
MASS SPECTROMETRY 495 22.4.6 IDENTIFICATION 496 22.4.7 STANDARDS AND
QUANTIFICATION 497 22.4.7.1 STANDARDS 497 22.4.7.2 CALIBRATION 497 22.5
INTERPRETATION AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS 498 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 22
498 23 DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE HALOCARBONS IN SEAWATER 501 E.
FOGELQVIST 23.1 INTRODUCTION 501 23.2 SAMPLING OF SEAWATER 503 23.3
PURGE AND TRAP (P&T) WORK-UP 505 23.3.1 MATERIALS 506 23.3.2 VOLUMETRIC
LOOPS 506 23.3.3 PURGING OF HALOCARBONS FROM THE WATER 506 23.3.4 DRYING
THE PURGE GAS 507 23.3.5 THE VALVE OVEN 508 23.3.6 TRAPPING AND
DESORPTION 509 23.3.6.1 PACKED TRAP 510 23.3.6.2 OPEN TUBULAR TRAP 510
23.3.6.3 MICROTRAPS 510 23.3.7 AUTOMATION 511 23.4 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
511 23.4.1 SEPARATION COLUMN 511 23.4.2 TWO MODES OF HALOCARBON ANALYSIS
512 23.5 DETECTION 514 23.5.1 ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION 514 23.5.2 MASS
SPECTROMETRY 515 XXVIII CONTENTS 23.6 CALIBRATION 515 23.6.1 STANDARD
MIXTURES 516 23.6.1.1 GASEOUS STANDARDS 516 23.6.1.2 LIQUID STANDARDS
516 23.6.2 CALIBRATION CURVES 516 23.6.2.1 LINEAR CALIBRATION CURVES 516
23.6.2.2 NON-LINEAR CALIBRATION CURVES 517 23.6.3 DETERMINATION OF
EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY 517 23.7 QUALITY ASSESSMENT 518 23.7.1 SENSITIVITY
518 23.7.2 REPRODUCIBILITY 518 23.7.3 ACCURACY 518 23.8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
519 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 23 519 24 DETERMINATION OF DIMETHYL SULPHIDE
IN SEAWATER 521 G. UHER 24.1 DISTRIBUTION OF DIMETHYL SULPHIDE IN
SEAWATER 521 24.2 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 522 24.2.1 THE FLAME
PHOTOMETRIC DETECTOR IN THE SULPHUR MODE 522 24.2.2 PURGE AND TRAP
PRECONCENTRATION 523 24.3 ANALYTICAL SYSTEM 524 24.3.1 PURGE AND TRAP
UNIT 525 24.3.2 CRYOGENIC UNIT 526 24.3.3 FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTOR AND
GAS SUPPLY 526 24.3.4 SAMPLING MANIFOLD 527 24.3.5 CONTROL UNIT 527 24.4
PROCEDURE 527 24.5 SYSTEM OPTIMISATION AND TEST PROCEDURES 528 24.6
CALIBRATION 529 24.7 PRECISION 530 24.8 SAMPLING AND STORAGE 531
REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 24 532 CONTENTS XXIX 25 DETERMINATION OF MARINE
HUMIC MATERIAL 533 G. LIEBEZEIT 25.1 INTRODUCTION 533 25.2
INSTRUMENTATION 534 25.3 DISSOLVED HUMIC SUBSTANCES (DHS) 534 25.3.1
SAMPLING 534 25.3.2 FLUORIMETRY 535 25.4 PARTICULATE HUMIC COMPOUNDS 535
25.4.1 CHEMICALS 535 25.4.2 EXTRACTION 536 25.4.3 LIPID-ASSOCIATED HUMIC
COMPOUNDS (LHC) 536 25.5 CALIBRATION 536 25.5.1 STANDARDIZATION WITH
QUININE SULPHATE 536 25.5.2 DHS AND PHC STANDARDS 537 25.5.3 LINEAR
RANGE OF INSTRUMENT RESPONSE 537 25.5.4 PREPARATION OF PHC STANDARDS 538
25.6 SYNCHRONOUS EXCITATION FLUORIMETRY 538 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 25 540
26 DETERMINATION OF AMINO ACIDS AND CARBOHYDRATES 541 G. LIEBEZEIT AND
B. BEHRENDS 26.1 INTRODUCTION 541 26.2 GENERAL REMARKS 541 26.3
DISSOLVED FREE AMINO ACIDS (DFAA) 542 26.3.1 COMPOUND CLASS REACTION 542
26.3.2 REAGENTS 543 26.3.3 MANUAL PROCEDURE 543 26.3.4 AUTOMATIC
PROCEDURE 543 26.3.5 FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS (FIA) 545 26.3.6
CALIBRATION 545 26.4 DISSOLVED COMBINED AMINO ACIDS (DCAA) 545 26.5
DISSOLVED CARBOHYDRATES 546 26.5.1 COMPOUND CLASS REACTIONS 546 26.5.2
REAGENTS 546 26.5.3 PROCEDURE 547 XXX CONTENTS 26.5.4 CALIBRATION 547
26.5.5 ANALYTICAL RANGE 548 26.5.6 ESTIMATION OF POLYSACCHARIDE CONTENT
(PCHO) 548 26.5.6.1 PROCEDURE 548 26.5.7 MONO- AND POLYSACCHARIDES AFTER
AQUEOUS EXTRACTION OF PARTICULATE MATTER 549 26.6 CHROMATOGRAPHIC
SEPARATION OF AMINO ACIDS 549 26.6.1 GENERAL REMARKS 549 26.6.2
EQUIPMENT 550 26.6.3 HPLC COLUMNS 550 26.6.4 DETECTION 550 26.6.5
ANALYSIS 550 26.6.5.1 MOBILE PHASES 550 26.6.5.2 GRADIENT CONDITIONS 551
26.6.6 PRE-COLUMN DERIVATISATION 553 26.6.6.1 REAGENTS 553 26.6.6.2
PROCEDURE 553 26.6.6.3 USE OF INTERNAL STANDARD 553 26.6.7 CALIBRATION
553 26.7 CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF CARBOHYDRATES 554 REFERENCES TO
CHAPTER 26 554 27 DETERMINATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS P.
WALLERSTEIN AND G. LIEBEZEIT 557 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.5.1 27.5.2
27.5.3 27.5.4 27.5.5 27.5.6 27.5.7 INTRODUCTION 557 SAMPLING 559
EXTRACTION 559 WORK-UP ARTEFACTS 560 HPLC ANALYSIS 560 SEPARATION 561
MATRIX EFFECTS 563 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS 563 COLUMN AGEING 563 DETECTION
563 STANDARDIZATION 564 HPLC SYSTEMS 564 REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 27 565
APPENDIX 567 INDEX 577
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)120816210 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV012315365 |
| callnumber-first | G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation |
| callnumber-label | GC101 |
| callnumber-raw | GC101.2 |
| callnumber-search | GC101.2 |
| callnumber-sort | GC 3101.2 |
| callnumber-subject | GC - Oceanography |
| classification_rvk | RB 10408 VN 9360 |
| classification_tum | UMW 311f UMW 337f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)41124932 (DE-599)BVBBV012315365 |
| dewey-full | 551.46/01 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| dewey-raw | 551.46/01 |
| dewey-search | 551.46/01 |
| dewey-sort | 3551.46 11 |
| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Geologie / Paläontologie Umwelt Geographie |
| edition | 3., completely rev. and extended ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV012315365 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:25:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3527295895 |
| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008349575 |
| oclc_num | 41124932 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-526 DE-634 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-526 DE-634 DE-11 |
| physical | XXXII, 600 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Methods of seawater analysis Klaus Grasshoff ... With contributions by: Leif G. Anderson ... 3., completely rev. and extended ed. Weinheim [u.a.] Wiley-VCH 1999 XXXII, 600 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Chemical oceanography Seawater Analysis Meerwasser (DE-588)4193808-2 gnd rswk-swf Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd rswk-swf Analyse (DE-588)4122795-5 gnd rswk-swf Meerwasser (DE-588)4193808-2 s Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 s DE-604 Analyse (DE-588)4122795-5 s 1\p DE-604 Graßhoff, Klaus 1932-1981 Sonstige (DE-588)120816210 oth Anderson, Leif G. Sonstige oth GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008349575&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Methods of seawater analysis Chemical oceanography Seawater Analysis Meerwasser (DE-588)4193808-2 gnd Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd Analyse (DE-588)4122795-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4193808-2 (DE-588)4009840-0 (DE-588)4122795-5 |
| title | Methods of seawater analysis |
| title_auth | Methods of seawater analysis |
| title_exact_search | Methods of seawater analysis |
| title_full | Methods of seawater analysis Klaus Grasshoff ... With contributions by: Leif G. Anderson ... |
| title_fullStr | Methods of seawater analysis Klaus Grasshoff ... With contributions by: Leif G. Anderson ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methods of seawater analysis Klaus Grasshoff ... With contributions by: Leif G. Anderson ... |
| title_short | Methods of seawater analysis |
| title_sort | methods of seawater analysis |
| topic | Chemical oceanography Seawater Analysis Meerwasser (DE-588)4193808-2 gnd Chemische Analyse (DE-588)4009840-0 gnd Analyse (DE-588)4122795-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chemical oceanography Seawater Analysis Meerwasser Chemische Analyse Analyse |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008349575&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT graßhoffklaus methodsofseawateranalysis AT andersonleifg methodsofseawateranalysis |