Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
Dekker
1999
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 327 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0824702387 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Danielsen, Else Rubaek |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases |c Else Rubaek Danielsen ; Brian D. Ross |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b Dekker |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 327 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Brain Chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Brain Diseases |x diagnosis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Brain Diseases |x pathology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Brain |x Diseases |x Diagnosis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |x Diagnostic use | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Nervensystem |0 (DE-588)4041643-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Krankheit |0 (DE-588)4032844-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Krankheit |0 (DE-588)4032844-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Kernspintomografie |0 (DE-588)4120806-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ross, Brian |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008342748 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1807322018875441152 |
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Contents
Preface Hi
Acknowledgments v
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 1
I. A Brief History of Clinical Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 1
II. Motivation 2
A. A Working Knowledge of Brain Chemistry in Medicine 2
B. Clinical Indications for MRS 2
C. How to Read and Interpret the MR Spectrum 2
III. A More Detailed Look at MRS: The Single Volume of Interest 3
IV. Philosophy of Single Volume of Interest MRS 3
V. Method of Single VOI Adopted in This Book 4
VI. Three Simple Rules for Understanding an MR Spectrum of the Brain 4
A. Rule One: Spectra Are Read in Terms of Peak Ratios 4
B. Rule Two: Uniform Clinical Methods Yield Identical Spectra 4
C. Rule Three: MRS Is a Quantitative Technique 4
Further Reading 4
CHAPTER 2: BASIC PHYSICS OF MRS 5
I. Introduction 5
A. What Is an MRI? 5
B. What Is an MR Spectrum? 5
II. Measurement Protocol Choices 6
A. What Do We Mean by Localization? 6
B. STEAM and PRESS 7
C. Choice of STEAM Versus PRESS 7
D. How Does the Echo Time Affect the Spectrum? 7
E. How Does the Repetition Time Affect the Spectrum ? 8
vii
viii Contents
F. Total Number of Scans and Signal to Noise: What Is Signal to Noise and How Does Total Number of
Scans Affect It? 8
G. Box Size and S/N: How Does the Box Size Affect S/N and the Quality of the Spectrum? 9
H. Signal to Noise: A Summary of Controlling Factors 10
III. Automated or Manual Adjustments Preceding the Scan 10
A. Adjustments of Frequency, Transmitter, and Receiver 10
B. Optimizing the Magnetic Field Homogeneity: "Shimming" 10
C. Adjusting Water Suppression 10
IV. Quantitation 11
A. Numerical Analysis of the MR Spectrum 11
B. Ratios Relative to Creatine 12
C. Normal Metabolite Ratios 12
D. Absolute Quantitation \2
E. Normal Absolute Concentrations 20
V. Summary 20
Further Reading 22
CHAPTER 3: THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF METABOLITES 23
I. Biochemistry: Back to the Future 23
II. The New Neurochemistry 23
A. What Is Neurospectroscopy? 23
B. MRS Introduces the New Neurochemistry 24
III. Common Peak Assignments 24
A. Pitfalls in Peak Assignment 26
B. Understanding Brain Chemistry 26
C. Brain Metabolism and the ABCs of Energy Production 27
1. Creatine 32
2. Why Lactate? 32
3. A/yo inositol 34
4. N Acetylaspartate: The sine qua non 34
5. Glutamate and Glutamine: Neurotransmitters 35
6. Lipids 36
7. Choline 36
IV. Classic Patterns in MRS Diagnosis 38
A. Brain or Cerebrospinal Fluid 38
B. MRS ofNeuronal Injury 38
C. MRS of Neurodegenerative Disease 38
D. Hypoxic ischemic Cascade 39
E. Basic Neurochemistry of Tumors 39
F. Necrosis, Gliosis, and Other Common Patterns of Brain Injury 41
G. Brain Swelling, Edema, and Atrophy 42
H. Impact of Systemic Disease on the Brain 42
Further Reading 43
CHAPTER 4: AN INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL CASES 45
I. A Step by Step Guide to Reporting MRS 45
II. Case Example: Parietal White and Occipital Grey Matter Spectra in the Normal Adult 45
A. Purpose of MRS 45
B. Summary of Patient's History 46
C. MRS Method, Volume of Interest, and Comments about Examination 46
D. Location 1 (White Matter) 46
1. Peak Identification and Quality Assurance: Reading the Spectrum from Right to Left 46
a. N Acetylaspartate (NAA) 47
Contents ix
b. Beta and Gamma Glutamine and Glutamate (p,"/ Glx) 49
c. Second NAA Peak 49
d. Creatine and Phosphocreatine (Cr) 50
e. Choline (Cho) 50
f. 5cy//0 inositol (si) and Glucose 50
g. Myo inositol (ml) 50
h. Alpha Glx (a Glx) 50
i. Second Cr Peak 50
j. Second ml Peak 50
2. Interpretation and Analysis 50
E. Location 2 (Grey Matter) 51
1. Peak Identification and Quality Assurance: Reading the Spectrum from Right to Left 51
2. Interpretation and Analysis 52
F. Conclusion 52
G. Summary of the Patient's History Post MRS 52
H. Other Comments 52
CHAPTER 5: CLINICAL CASES 53
5.1 HEALTHY SUBJECTS: NORMAL PROTON SPECTRA OF ALL AGES 53
5.1.1 Normal Premature, Gestational Age 35 Weeks 53
5.1.2 Normal Premature, Gestational Age 36 Weeks 57
5.1.3 Normal Baby 59
5.1.4 Normal Child 61
5.1.5 Normal Adult 63
5.1.6 Normal PROBE: Adult 65
5.1.7 Normal Young Adult 67
5.1.8 Normal Elderly 70
5.1.9 Normal MRS: Elderly Adult 72
5.2 DEGENERATIVE DISEASE: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, DEMENTIA, CENTRAL PONTINE
MYELINOLYSIS 74
5.2.1 Alzheimer's Disease 74
5.2.2 Rule Out Alzheimer's Disease: Negative 77
5.2.3 Central Pontine Myelinolysis 80
5.2.4 Alzheimer's Disease Versus Other Dementia 83
5.2.5 Rule Out Alzheimer's Disease 86
5.3 SYSTEMIC DISEASES: LIVER DISEASE, DIABETES MELLITUS, OSMOLAR
ABNORMALITIES 92
5.3.1 Liver Disease, Severe Hepatic Encephalopathy 92
5.3.2 Liver Disease 95
5.3.3 Rule Out Subclinical Hepatic Encephalopathy 97
5.3.4 Liver Disease: Transplantation 99
5.3.5 Liver Disease, Pre and Post TIPS, and Pre and Postliver Transplantation 103
5.3.6 Hepatic Encephalopathy Versus Alzheimer's Disease 108
5.3.7 Liver Disease: Portal Hypertension 111
5.3.8 Korsakoff Wernicke's Psychosis, Rule Out Hepatic Encephalopathy 113
5.3.9 Diabetic: Hyperosmolar Coma 115
5.3.10 Hyponatremia 117
5.4 TRAUMA: SIADH, HYPEROSMOLAR STATE, DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY, HYPOXIC
INJURY 120
5.4.1 Head Injury: SIADH 120
5.4.2 Head Injury: Hyperosmolar State 123
5.4.3 Head Injury: Diffuse Axonal Injury 126
x Contents
5.4.4 Hepatic Encephalopathy Versus Long Term Effect of Trauma 128
5.4.5 Head Injury: Diffuse Axonal Injury 131
5.4.6 Head Injury: Hypoxic Injury 134
5.4.7 Head Injury, Poor Outcome 140
5.4.8 Head Injury, Good Outcome 142
5.4.9 Head Injury—Hyperosmolar State Versus AIDS Dementia 145
5.5 GLOBAL HYPOXIA: NEAR DROWNING, HEART DISEASE, ASPHYXIA 147
5.5.1 Near Drowning: Good Outcome 147
5.5.2 Near Drowning 149
5.5.3 Near Drowning: Fatal Outcome 154
5.5.4 Near Drowning: Poor Outcome 158
5.5.5 Asphyxia: Moderate Hypoxic Encephalopathy 161
5.5.6 Cardiac Arrest, Rule Out Hypoxic Encephalopathy 168
5.5.7 Congenital Heart Disease 170
5.5.8 Agonal Prognosis After Hypoxic Injury 173
5.6 FOCAL HYPOXIA: VASCULAR DISEASES, STROKE, INFARCTS, AND NONVASCULAR
FOCAL HYPOXIA 176
5.6.1 Hemorrhagic Infarct 176
5.6.2 Hemorrhagic Infarct, Rule Out Secondary Carcinoma: Negative Study 180
5.6.3 Asthmatic Cardiac Arrest 182
5.6.4 Apnea Versus Cerebral Vascular Accident (Part 1) and Focal Hypoxic Brain Injury (Part 2) 185
5.7 FOCAL LESIONS: ECTOPIC GREY MATTER, HIV RELATED LESIONS, TUMORS, AND
TUBERCULOMA 194
5.7.1 Ectopic Grey Matter 194
5.7.2 AIDS Brain Masses, Toxoplasmosis 196
5.7.3 AIDS Brain Masses, CNS Lymphoma 198
5.7.4 AIDS Masses: Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) 200
5.7.5 AIDS Dementia 204
5.7.6 Recurrent Meningioma 206
5.7.7 Accidentally Discovered Tumor 208
5.7.8 Glioblastoma: Therapeutic Monitoring After Brachytherapy 212
5.7.9 Tumor: Postsurgical Recurrence 224
5.7.10 Untreated Glioma 233
5.7.11 Recurrent Hemangioblastoma: Negative 237
5.7.12 Tuberculoma Versus Lymphoma 239
5.8 MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND OTHER INFLAMATORY DISEASE 242
5.8.1 Multiple Sclerosis: Quiescent Plaque 242
5.8.2 Multiple Sclerosis 245
5.8.3 Rasmussen's Encephalitis (Adult) 252
5.8.4 Herpes Encephalitis 256
5.9 PEDIATRICS: ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT, REYES SYNDROME, INBORN ERRORS OF
METABOLISM 259
5.9.1 Hyperglycinemia 259
5.9.2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Perinatal Hypoxia: Late Sequelae 264
5.9.3 Viral Encephalitis: Reyes Syndrome 267
5.9.4 Myopathy: Rule Out Mitochondrial Encephalopathy 270
5.9.5 White Matter Disease? Rule Out Canavan's Disease 273
5.9.6 Metabolic Error, Absent Creatine/Phosphocreatine 282
5.9.7 Hydrocephalus Versus Metabolic Disease 285
5.9.8 Metabolic Acidosis 289
5.10 XENOBIOTICS: ETHANOL, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, MANNITOL 293
5.10.1 Propylene Glycol in the Brain 293
Contents xi
5.10.2 Ethanol in the Brain 297
5.10.3 Mannitol in a Tumor 300
CHAPTER 6: MRS PATTERNS AND REFERRAL GUIDELINES 303
I. Clinical Decision Making with 'H MRS 303
A. Dementia 303
B. Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) 304
C. Hypoxic Encephalopathy and Stroke 305
D. Abnormal Development 306
E. Neonatal Hypoxia 310
F. Cerebral Tumor 311
G. Closed Head Trauma 312
H. Shaken Baby Syndrome 313
I. HIV CNS Lesions and AIDS Dementia 313
Appendix: List of Abbreviations 317
Index 319 |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-14T00:49:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0824702387 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XI, 327 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
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| publisher | Dekker |
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| spelling | Danielsen, Else Rubaek Verfasser aut Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases Else Rubaek Danielsen ; Brian D. Ross New York [u.a.] Dekker 1999 XI, 327 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Brain Chemistry Brain Diseases diagnosis Brain Diseases pathology Brain Diseases Diagnosis Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Diagnostic use Nervensystem (DE-588)4041643-4 gnd rswk-swf Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 gnd rswk-swf Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd rswk-swf Nervensystem (DE-588)4041643-4 s Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 s Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 s DE-604 Ross, Brian Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008342748&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Danielsen, Else Rubaek Ross, Brian Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases Brain Chemistry Brain Diseases diagnosis Brain Diseases pathology Brain Diseases Diagnosis Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Diagnostic use Nervensystem (DE-588)4041643-4 gnd Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 gnd Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4041643-4 (DE-588)4032844-2 (DE-588)4120806-7 |
| title | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases |
| title_auth | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases |
| title_exact_search | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases |
| title_full | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases Else Rubaek Danielsen ; Brian D. Ross |
| title_fullStr | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases Else Rubaek Danielsen ; Brian D. Ross |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases Else Rubaek Danielsen ; Brian D. Ross |
| title_short | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases |
| title_sort | magnetic resonance spectroscopy diagnosis of neurological diseases |
| topic | Brain Chemistry Brain Diseases diagnosis Brain Diseases pathology Brain Diseases Diagnosis Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Diagnostic use Nervensystem (DE-588)4041643-4 gnd Krankheit (DE-588)4032844-2 gnd Kernspintomografie (DE-588)4120806-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Brain Chemistry Brain Diseases diagnosis Brain Diseases pathology Brain Diseases Diagnosis Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Diagnostic use Nervensystem Krankheit Kernspintomografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008342748&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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