Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change: the case of Rusyn
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Mouton de Gruyter
1998
|
| Schriftenreihe: | [Trends in linguistics / Studies and monographs]
110 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zugl.: Edmonton, Alberta, Univ., Diss., 1995 |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 266 S. |
| ISBN: | 3110157616 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cb4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV012240448 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 19990122 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 981027s1998 m||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 016 | 7 | |a 954886445 |2 DE-101 | |
| 020 | |a 3110157616 |9 3-11-015761-6 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)214964843 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV012240448 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakddb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-355 |a DE-739 |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a KE 5045 |0 (DE-625)72602: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Harasowska, Marta |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change |b the case of Rusyn |c by Marta Harasowska |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Mouton de Gruyter |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 266 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a [Trends in linguistics / Studies and monographs] |v 110 | |
| 500 | |a Zugl.: Edmonton, Alberta, Univ., Diss., 1995 | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Sprachvariante |0 (DE-588)4077741-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Morphologie |g Linguistik |0 (DE-588)4170560-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Rusinisch |0 (DE-588)4178735-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Morphonem |0 (DE-588)4205114-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Sprachwandel |0 (DE-588)4056508-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |a Hochschulschrift |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Rusinisch |0 (DE-588)4178735-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Sprachwandel |0 (DE-588)4056508-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Rusinisch |0 (DE-588)4178735-3 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Morphologie |g Linguistik |0 (DE-588)4170560-9 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 2 | 0 | |a Rusinisch |0 (DE-588)4178735-3 |D s |
| 689 | 2 | 1 | |a Morphonem |0 (DE-588)4205114-9 |D s |
| 689 | 2 | 2 | |a Sprachvariante |0 (DE-588)4077741-8 |D s |
| 689 | 2 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 810 | 2 | |a Studies and monographs] |t [Trends in linguistics |v 110 |w (DE-604)BV000000738 |9 110 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008294420&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008294420 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1807323208863449088 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
V
LIST
OF
TABLES
XI
LIST
OF
FIGURES
XV
1
INTRODUCTION
1
1.
THE
RUSYN
PEOPLE
-
THEIR
PRESENT
AND
PAST
.
1
2.
THE
RUSYN
LANGUAGE
-
ITS
PAST
AND
PRESENT
.
3
2.1.
THE
SPOKEN
LANGUAGE
.
3
2.2.
THE
WRITTEN
LANGUAGE
.
8
3.
AN
OVERVIEW
OF
THE
CURRENT
STUDY
.
12
2
RECENT
APPROACHES
TO
MORPHOPHONEMICS
15
1.
THE
ROOTS
OF
MORPHOPHONEMICS
.
15
2.
THE
GENERATIVE
APPROACH
TO
MORPHOPHONEMICS
.
16
3.
ALTERNATIVE
APPROACHES
TO
MORPHOPHONEMICS
.
18
3.1.
SOME
PROBLEMS
WITH
THE
GENERATIVIST
POSITION
.
18
3.2.
MORPHOPHONOLOGY
ACCORDING
TO
LINELL
.
19
3.3.
MORPHOPHONEMICS
IN
BYBEE
'
S
MODEL
OF
MORPHOLOGY
.
22
3
TWO
MODELS
OF
LANGUAGE
AND
LANGUAGE
CHANGE
25
1.
THE
SOCIOLINGUISTIC
APPROACH
TO
THE
STUDY
OF
SOUND
CHANGE
.
25
1.1.
EMPIRICAL
FOUNDATIONS
.
25
1.2.
THE
OBSERVABILITY
OF
SOUND
CHANGE
.
29
1.3.
IMPLEMENTATION
OF
CHANGE
THROUGH
THE
LINGUISTIC
STRUCTURE
.
.
30
1.4.
IMPLEMENTATION
OF
LINGUISTIC
CHANGE
THROUGH
THE
SOCIAL
MATRIX
.
35
1.5.
EXPLAINING
LINGUISTIC
CHANGE
.
37
2.
AN
ANALOGICAL
MODEL
OF
MORPHOLOGY
.
43
2.1.
RULES
VS.
REPRESENTATIONS
.
43
2.2.
THE
ORGANIZATION
OF
PARADIGMS
.
45
2.3.
LOCAL
MARKEDNESS
.
48
2.4.
A
DYNAMIC
MODEL
OF
THE
LEXICON
.
50
2.5.
MORPHOPHONEMIC
ALTERNATIONS
ACROSS
PARADIGMS
.
54
2.6.
PRODUCTIVITY
.
56
VIII
CONTENTS
4
TWO
MORPHOPHONEMIC
ALTERNATION
PATTERNS
IN
RUSYN
59
1.
THE
"
VELAR
PALATALIZATION
"
IN
RUSYN
.
59
2.
THE
"
VELAR
PALATALIZATION
"
FROM
A
BROADER
PERSPECTIVE
.
63
2.1.
THE
SECOND
PALATALIZATION
IN
SLAVIC
-
DIACHRONY
AND
SYNCHRONY
.
63
2.2.
THE
SEMANTIC
CONTEXT
IN
THE
MASCULINE
NOMINATIVE
PLURAL
.
.
66
3.
THE
"
DENTAL
PALATALIZATION
"
IN
RUSYN
.
72
4.
THE
"
DENTAL
PALATALIZATION
"
FROM
A
BROADER
PERSPECTIVE
.
76
5
THE
RUSYN
STUDY:
DATA
COLLECTION
AND
ANALYSIS
83
1.
THE
ORGANIZATION
OF
THE
FIELD
WORK
.
84
1.1.
THE
POPULATION
SAMPLE
.
84
1.2.
THE
LINGUISTIC
QUESTIONNAIRE
.
90
1.3.
COLLECTING
THE
LINGUISTIC
DATA
.
94
2.
THE
ANALYSIS
OF
THE
DATA
.
95
2.1.
TWO
APPROACHES
TO
THE
STUDY
OF
SOCIAL
VARIATION
IN
LANGUAGE
.
95
2.2.
PROCEDURE
FOR
THE
RESPONSE
COINCIDENCE
ANALYSIS
.
96
6
THE
"
VELAR
PALATALIZATION
"
PATTERN:
A
CLOSE-UP
VIEW
99
1.
THE
ADULT
SAMPLE
.
100
1.1.
THE
K-STEM
REAL
WORDS
.
100
1.2.
THE
K-STEM
NON-WORDS
.
118
2.
THE
NON-ADULT
SAMPLE
.
134
2.1.
THE
K-STEM
REAL
AND
NON-WORDS
.
134
3.
SUMMARY
.
147
7
THE
"
DENTAL
PALATALIZATION
"
PATTERN
IN
THE
SPOTLIGHT
149
1.
THE
D-STEM
WORDS
.
151
1.1.
THE
ADULT
SPEAKERS
.
151
1.2.
THE
NON-ADULT
INFORMANTS
.
153
2.
THE
T-STEM
WORDS
.
157
2.1.
THE
ADULT
SPEAKERS
.
157
2.2.
THE
NON-ADULT
INFORMANTS
.
161
3.
THE
Z-STEM
WORDS
.
163
3.1.
THE
ADULT
SPEAKERS
.
163
3.2.
THE
NON-ADULT
INFORMANTS
.
166
4.
THE
S-STEM
WORDS
.
167
4.1.
THE
ADULT
SPEAKERS
.
167
4.2.
THE
NON-ADULT
INFORMANTS
.
169
CONTENTS
IX
5.
THE
1-STEM
WORDS
.
172
5.1.
THE
ADULT
SPEAKERS
.
172
5.2.
THE
NON-ADULT
INFORMANTS
.
175
6.
THE
N-STEM
WORDS
.
178
6.1.
THE
ADULT
SPEAKERS
.
178
6.2.
THE
NON-ADULT
INFORMANTS
.
182
7.
DISCUSSION
OF
THE
"
DENTAL
PALATALIZATION
"
PATTERN
.
184
7.1.
THE
ADULT
SPEAKERS
.
184
7.2.
THE
NON-ADULT
INFORMANTS
.
190
7.3.
COMRIE
'
S
PHONETIC
DISTANCE
AND
THE
SINGLE
RULE
HYPOTHESIS
.
.
191
7.4.
TIERSMA
'
S
"
LOCAL
MARKEDNESS
"
HYPOTHESIS
.
193
8.
SUMMARY
.
195
8
CONCLUSION
197
1.
MORPHOPHONEMIC
VARIABILITY,
PRODUCTIVITY,
AND
CHANGE
.
197
1.1.
VARIABILITY
.
197
1.2.
PRODUCTIVITY
.
200
1.3.
CHANGE
.
203
2.
SOME
IMPLICATIONS
FOR
THE
THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
.
208
2.1.
BYBEE
'
S
ANALOGY-BASED
MODEL
OF
MORPHOLOGY
.
208
2.2.
LABOV
'
S
SOCIOLINGUISTIC
APPROACH
TO
THE
STUDY
OF
LANGUAGE
CHANGE
.
211
APPENDICES
A
DISTRIBUTION
OF
ADULT
SUBJECTS
WITHIN
THE
SOCIAL
STRUCTURE
215
B
K-STEM
MASCULINE
NOUNS
217
C
DENTAL-STEM
MASCULINE
NOUNS
219
D
THE
"
VELAR
PALATALIZATION
"
PATTERN:
DENDROGRAMS
223
E
ADULT
SUBJECT
GROUPS
FOR
THE
"
DENTAL
PALATALIZATION
"
PATTERN
228
F
NON-ADULT
SUBJECT
GROUPS
FOR
THE
"
DENTAL
PALATALIZATION
"
PATTERN
239
ABSTRACT
247
NOTES
249
X
CONTENTS
REFERENCES
NAME
INDEX
SUBJECT
INDEX
253
261
263 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Harasowska, Marta |
| author_facet | Harasowska, Marta |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Harasowska, Marta |
| author_variant | m h mh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV012240448 |
| classification_rvk | KE 5045 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)214964843 (DE-599)BVBBV012240448 |
| discipline | Slavistik |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 cb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV012240448</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">19990122</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">981027s1998 m||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="016" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">954886445</subfield><subfield code="2">DE-101</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3110157616</subfield><subfield code="9">3-11-015761-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)214964843</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV012240448</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakddb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">KE 5045</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)72602:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Harasowska, Marta</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change</subfield><subfield code="b">the case of Rusyn</subfield><subfield code="c">by Marta Harasowska</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Berlin [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Mouton de Gruyter</subfield><subfield code="c">1998</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XIV, 266 S.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">[Trends in linguistics / Studies and monographs]</subfield><subfield code="v">110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zugl.: Edmonton, Alberta, Univ., Diss., 1995</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Sprachvariante</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4077741-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Morphologie</subfield><subfield code="g">Linguistik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4170560-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Rusinisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4178735-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Morphonem</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4205114-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Sprachwandel</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4056508-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4113937-9</subfield><subfield code="a">Hochschulschrift</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Rusinisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4178735-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Sprachwandel</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4056508-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Rusinisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4178735-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Morphologie</subfield><subfield code="g">Linguistik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4170560-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Rusinisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4178735-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Morphonem</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4205114-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Sprachvariante</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4077741-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="810" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Studies and monographs]</subfield><subfield code="t">[Trends in linguistics</subfield><subfield code="v">110</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV000000738</subfield><subfield code="9">110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">DNB Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008294420&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008294420</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV012240448 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-14T01:08:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3110157616 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008294420 |
| oclc_num | 214964843 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-739 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-739 DE-12 |
| physical | XIV, 266 S. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
| publishDateSort | 1998 |
| publisher | Mouton de Gruyter |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | [Trends in linguistics / Studies and monographs] |
| spelling | Harasowska, Marta Verfasser aut Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change the case of Rusyn by Marta Harasowska Berlin [u.a.] Mouton de Gruyter 1998 XIV, 266 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier [Trends in linguistics / Studies and monographs] 110 Zugl.: Edmonton, Alberta, Univ., Diss., 1995 Sprachvariante (DE-588)4077741-8 gnd rswk-swf Morphologie Linguistik (DE-588)4170560-9 gnd rswk-swf Rusinisch (DE-588)4178735-3 gnd rswk-swf Morphonem (DE-588)4205114-9 gnd rswk-swf Sprachwandel (DE-588)4056508-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Rusinisch (DE-588)4178735-3 s Sprachwandel (DE-588)4056508-7 s DE-604 Morphologie Linguistik (DE-588)4170560-9 s Morphonem (DE-588)4205114-9 s Sprachvariante (DE-588)4077741-8 s 1\p DE-604 Studies and monographs] [Trends in linguistics 110 (DE-604)BV000000738 110 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008294420&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Harasowska, Marta Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change the case of Rusyn Sprachvariante (DE-588)4077741-8 gnd Morphologie Linguistik (DE-588)4170560-9 gnd Rusinisch (DE-588)4178735-3 gnd Morphonem (DE-588)4205114-9 gnd Sprachwandel (DE-588)4056508-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077741-8 (DE-588)4170560-9 (DE-588)4178735-3 (DE-588)4205114-9 (DE-588)4056508-7 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change the case of Rusyn |
| title_auth | Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change the case of Rusyn |
| title_exact_search | Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change the case of Rusyn |
| title_full | Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change the case of Rusyn by Marta Harasowska |
| title_fullStr | Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change the case of Rusyn by Marta Harasowska |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change the case of Rusyn by Marta Harasowska |
| title_short | Morphophonemic variability, productivity, and change |
| title_sort | morphophonemic variability productivity and change the case of rusyn |
| title_sub | the case of Rusyn |
| topic | Sprachvariante (DE-588)4077741-8 gnd Morphologie Linguistik (DE-588)4170560-9 gnd Rusinisch (DE-588)4178735-3 gnd Morphonem (DE-588)4205114-9 gnd Sprachwandel (DE-588)4056508-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sprachvariante Morphologie Linguistik Rusinisch Morphonem Sprachwandel Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008294420&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000000738 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT harasowskamarta morphophonemicvariabilityproductivityandchangethecaseofrusyn |