Swiss direct investment in ASEAN:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | French |
| Veröffentlicht: |
1998
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 222 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126840356339712 |
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| adam_text | Contents
List of figures xii
List of maps xii
List of tables xiii
Abbreviations and acronyms xv
Introduction l
Parti
BASIC DA TA ON ASEAN
1. Nature and importance of ASEAN 5
1.1. Origins and formation of ASEAN 5
1.1.1. Historical background to ASEAN 5
1.1.2. Objectives 6
1.2. ASEAN organisational development 1967 1991 7
1.2.1. The early years 1967 1975 7
1.2.2. The Bali Summit and its aftermath 9
1.2.3. ASEAN cooperation in the 1980s 10
1.3. ASEAN development in the 1990s 11
1.3.1. ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) 11
1.3.2. Implementation of AFTA 12
1.3.3. ASEAN enlargement and investment cooperation 13
1.4. The ASEAN economies 16
1.4.1. Outline of the economies 16
1.4.2. Industrialisation process in ASEAN 17
2. Foreign direct investment in ASEAN 21
2.1. Theories of international production 21
2.1.1. Micro oriented approaches 21
2.1.2. Macro oriented approaches 22
2.1.3. The eclectic paradigm of international production 22
2.2. World trends in foreign direct investment 23
2.2.1. Growth of international production 23
2.2.2. Concentration of foreign direct investment 23
2.2.3. Changes in geographical patterns 25
2.2.4. Growth of FDI in services 25
vi
2.3. Trends and patterns of foreign direct investment in
ASEAN 26
2.3.1. Data availability and comparability 26
2.3.2. Magnitude and recent trends 27
2.3.3. Major investing countries 29
2.3.4. Sectoral distribution 30
2.3.5. Intra ASEAN investment and ASEAN cooperation towards FDI 31
2.4. Size of Swiss direct investment in ASEAN 32
2.4.1. Destination of Swiss direct investment 32
2.4.2. Shares of Swiss direct investment in ASEAN 33
3. ASEAN economies and societies 36
3.1. General aspects of the Southeast Asian region 36
3.2. Human resources and labour structure 39
3.2.1. Demographic features 39
3.2.2. Education and labour force 42
3.3. Economic structure 44
3.3.1. Major macroeconomic developments 44
3.3.2. Trade structure 46
3.3.3. Recent economic developments 47
3.4. Infrastructure situation 50
3.4.1. Transport facilities 50
3.4.2. Utilities and telecommunications 51
3.4.3. Land and industrial estates 52
4. Conclusions and prospects 53
Part II
FDI ENVIRONMENT AND RESTRICTIONS IN ASEAN
5. Policy environment 57
5.1. Attitudes towards FDI and policy framework 57
5.1.1. Government attitudes towards FDI 57
5.1.2. Liberalisation of FDI policies 58
5.1.3. Economic and industrial policy environment 61
5.2. Significance of policies to FDI 63
5.2.1. Importance of FDI in the ASEAN economies 64
5.2.2. Factors of influence on FDI inflows 65
5.2.3. Comparison of policies and outlook 66
vii
5.3. Investment agencies and application procedures 68
5.3.1. Regulatory agencies 68
5.3.2. Investment registration and approval 68
5.3.3. Licences application in Indonesia and Vietnam 70
6. Legal environment 74
6.1. Investment legislation and regulations 74
6.1.1. Investment and incentive laws 74
6.1.2. Forms of business entities 75
6.1.3. Foreign equity participation rules 77
6.2. Investment incentives 79
6.2.1. Non fiscal incentives 79
6.2.2. Fiscal incentives 81
6.2.3. Impact of incentives on locational decisions 83
6.3. Priority areas for investment 85
6.3.1. Sectors of economic priority 85
6.3.2. Priority geographic locations 87
6.3.3. Pioneer industries and promoted activities 88
7. Business finance, taxation and intellectual property 90
7.1. Financial sectors in ASEAN 90
7.1.1. Structure of the financial sectors 90
7.1.2. Importance of the financial sectors and reforms 93
7.1.3. Local funding in ASEAN 95
7.2. Taxation in ASEAN 96
7.2.1. Taxation of foreign companies 96
7.2.2. Evaluation of the taxation systems 98
7.3. Intellectual property protection 100
7.3.1. Technology transfer in ASEAN 100
7.3.2. Intellectual property and international conventions 101
7.3.3. Intellectual property laws in ASEAN 103
8. Impediments to inward FDI 106
8.1. Market access and standards of treatment 106
8.1.1. Restrictions on entry and establishment 106
8.1.2. National treatment standard 108
8.1.3. Other measures 109
vi ii
8.2. Operational restrictions 110
8.2.1. Foreign exchange controls 110
8.2.2. Performance requirements 111
8.2.3. Otlier operational impediments 112
8.3. Administrative impediments 114
8.3.1. Transparency of laws and procedures 114
8.3.2. Bureaucracy and corruption 115
8.4. Incentives and policies 117
8.4.1. Incentive schemes 117
8.4.2. Policies affecting FDI 117
9. Conclusions and prospects 120
Part III
ANALYSIS OF SWISS DIRECT INVESTMENT IN ASEAN
10. Features of Swiss direct investment in ASEAN 125
10.1. ASEAN and the Swiss firms 125
10.1.1. D iitinctive aspects of direct investment 125
10.1.2. Pre ference for exports 126
10.1.3. Reasons for low Swiss direct investment in ASEAN 128
10.2. Regional distribution of Swiss firms 131
10.2.1. Distribution in the ASEAN region 131
10.2.2. Distribution in each ASEAN country 132
10.3. Distribution by sector 136
10.3.1. Industry composition of Swiss firms 136
10.3.2. Sectoral specialisation and competitive advantage 139
10.4. Profile of Swiss firms surveyed 140
11. Investment behaviour and experiences
of Swiss firms 142
11.1. Purposes of investment 142
11.1.1. T)T»es of direct investment 142
11.1.2. Results from interviews 143
11.2. Location determinants of direct investment 144
11.2.1. Analytical framework 144
11.2.2. Findings 145
ix
11.3. Investment climate 146
11.3.1. Perceptions of the investment environment 147
11.3.2. Labour situation 149
11.3.3. Infrastructure development 151
12. Investment risk in ASEAN 154
12.1. Political and social risk factor 154
12.1.1. Importance and sources of political risk 154
12.1.2. Evaluation of political risk 156
12.2. Exchange rate risk 158
12.2.1. Currency fluctuations between 1987 1996 158
12.2.2. Volatility of the ASEAN currencies in 1997 159
12.3. Business risk and operating difficulties 163
12.3.1. Business results and management issues 163
12.3.2. Obstacles and threats to direct investment 164
13. Conclusions and prospects 167
Part IV
DIRECT INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN ASEAN
14. Attractive investment destinations by country ni
14.1. General factors of attractiveness 171
14.1.1. Size of the economies 171
14.1.2. Findings from interviews 173
14.2. Investment destinations in Singapore, Malaysia and
Brunei 175
14.2.1. Singapore as investment destination 175
14.2.2. Attractive locations in Malaysia and Brunei 175
14.3. Investment destinations in the Philippines and Thailand 176
14.3.1. Promising locations in the Philippines 176
14.3.2. Suitable locations in Thailand 178
14.4. Investment destinations in Indonesia and Vietnam 178
14.4.1. Favourable locations in Indonesia 179
14.4.2. Attractive locations in Vietnam 179
X
15. Investment opportunities by sector 181
15.1. Investment potential in industry 181
15.1.1. Chemical and health care related industries 181
15.1.2. Machinery, equipment and precision instruments 182
15.1.3. Food processing and beverages 182
15.1.4. Materials and other industries 183
15.2. Investment opportunities in services 183
15.2.1. Banking, finance and insurance activities 184
15.2.2. Tourism and leisure activities 185
15.2.3. General business and trading 185
15.2.4. Other service activities 186
16. Entry strategies and government support 188
16.1. Positioning in ASEAN 188
16.1.1. Strategic importance of ASEAN 188
16.1.2. Choice of countries 190
16.2. Entry modes and intentions of companies 192
16.2.1. Choice of entry mode 192
16.2.2. Investment intentions of Swiss investors 194
16.3. Support for investors 196
16.3.1. Host country support 196
16.3.2. Support from Swiss government and organisations 197
17. Conclusions and prospects 200
Final conclusion 202
Appendices
Appendix 1: Brunei: main economic indicators 204
Appendix 2: Indonesia: main economic indicators 205
Appendix 3: Malaysia: main economic indicators 206
Appendix 4: Philippines: main economic indicators 207
Appendix 5: Singapore: main economic indicators 208
Appendix 6: Thailand: main economic indicators 209
Appendix 7: Vietnam: main economic indicators 210
Appendix 8: Thailand Board of Investment promotion zones 211
Appendix 9: List of companies surveyed, by ASEAN country 212
References 214
xi
List of figures
Figure 2.1: Share of FD1 inflows by major regions. 1987 1996 24
Figure 2.2: Sectoral distribution of outward FDI stock, United States and
Switzerland 26
Figure 5.1: Average tariff rates in ASEAN 61
Figure 10.1: Swiss direct investment in selected ASEAN countries and exports
(CHF million) 127
Figure 10.2: Trade flows between Switzerland and ASEAN 128
Figure 10.3: Share of Swiss equity investment by sector in Singapore. 1994 (%) 138
Figure 10.4: Profile of Swiss companies surveyed in ASEAN (% of firms) 141
Figure 11.1: Investment environment in ASEAN 147
Figure 12.1: Political risk in ASEAN 157
Figure 12.2: Political risk, executive opinion survey 158
Figure 12.3: Exchange rate movements. 1987 1996 160
Figure 12.4: Exchange rate movements. 1997 162
Figure 14.1: GNP size in ASEAN and Switzerland. 1996 (US ) 172
Figure 14.2: GNP per capita in ASEAN and Switzerland. 1995 172
Figure 14.3: Factors of attractiveness (% of respondents citing the factor) 174
Figure 16.1: Executives who believe that their group fully exploit opportunities
offered by domestic market (% of respondents) 194
Figure 16.2: Investment intention of Swiss firms currently in ASEAN
(% of respondents) 195
List of maps
Map 1.1: Growth triangles and quadrangle in ASEAN 14
Map 3.1: The ASEAN region 37
Map 10.1: Locations of Swiss companies in the Philippines. Thailand and
Vietnam, as at end of 1997 134
Map 10.2: Locations of Swiss companies in Brunei. Indonesia. Malaysia, and
Singapore, as at end of 1997 135
ii
List of tables
Table 1.1: Chronology of main events of ASEAN 20
Table 2.1: Characteristics of ASEAN host country data on FD1 27
Table 2.2: FDI inflows into ASEAN (US ) and distribution by country 28
Table 2.3: FDI inflows into ASEAN, host country statistics 29
Table 2.4: Stock of Swiss direct investment abroad, by region as at the end of
the year (CHF million) 33
Table 2.5: Swiss direct investment inflows into ASEAN, host country statistics 34
Table 2.6: Stock of Swiss direct investment in ASEAN 35
Table 3.1: Human development index (HD1) and Human Poverty Index (HP1)
in ASEAN 38
Table 3.2: Population size in ASEAN 40
Table 3.3: Demographic indicators in ASEAN 41
Table 3.4: The Ethnic Chinese in ASEAN 41
Table 3.5: Human capital formation in ASEAN 42
Table 3.6: Labour force indicators in ASEAN 43
Table 3.7: Trade pattern in ASEAN 47
Table 5.1: Major recent FDI policy changes in ASEAN 59
Table 5.2: FDI and gross domestic capital formation ratios in ASEAN.
1981 95 64
Table 5.3: Share of FDI in financial flows to ASEAN, selected years 65
Table 5.4: Approval authorities in major FDI areas in ASEAN 69
Table 5.5: Typical FDI application procedure in Indonesia 71
Table 5.6: Typical FDI approval process in Vietnam 72
Table 6.1: Principal forms of business entities for foreign companies in
ASEAN 76
Table 6.2: Foreign ownership regulations in sectors open to FDI in
ASEAN. 1997 78
Table 6.3: Major non fiscal incentives for foreign companies in ASEAN. 1997 80
Table 6.4: Major fiscal incentives for foreign companies in ASEAN. 1997 82
Table 7.1: Number of financial institutions in Singapore, selected years 91
Table 7.2: Importance of the financial sectors in ASEAN, selected years 94
Table 7.3: Income tax rates in ASEAN for firms with foreign owned
capital. 1998 97
Table 7.4: Profit taxation for a Swiss company in ASEAN (CHF) 98
Table 7.5: Adoption of intellectual property conventions by the ASEAN
countries and Switzerland 102
Table 7.6: Overview of legislation on intellectual property in ASEAN 104
Table8.1: Major sectors closed to FDI in ASEAN. 1997 108
Table 8.2: Corruption in ASEAN 116
Table 8.3: Major impediments to Swiss direct investment in ASEAN 119
Table 10.1: Number of firms with Swiss interest in ASEAN, as at end of 1997 132
Table 10.2: Major locations of Swiss companies in ASEAN, as at end of 1997 133
Table 10.3: Distribution of Swiss firms by sector, as at end of 1997 137
Table 10.4: Labour intensity of Swiss direct investment in ASEAN 139
Table 10.5: Swiss firms surveyed by region 140
Table 11.1: Purposes of Swiss direct investment in ASEAN 143
Table 11.2: Location determinants of Swiss direct investment in ASEAN 146
Table 11.3: Investment climate in ASEAN: general factors 148
Table 11.4: Investment climate in ASEAN: labour attributes 149
Table 11.5: ASEAN premises costs 152
Table 12.1: Country specific political risks 155
Table 12.2: Obstacles to Swiss direct investment, executive opinion survey 165
Table 14.1: Estimated size of middle classes in ASEAN, 1995 173
Table 16.1: Profit opportunity and economic projections 189
Table 16.2: Standard of living index. Southeast Asia 191
Key to symbols used in tables:
not available
zero
insignificant
Exchange rates:
For purposes of comparison, the equivalent values in Swiss Francs (CHF) were
calculated based upon the median prices as at 31 December 1997. which for 100 units
of the ASEAN currencies were as below
Indonesian rupiah (IDR): 0.02672
Malaysian ringgit (MYR): 37.60
Philippine peso (PHP): 3.638
Singapore dollar (SGD): 86.79
Thai baht (THB): 3.097
Vietnamese dong (VND): 0.0118
xiv
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| spelling | Gumy, François Verfasser aut Swiss direct investment in ASEAN by François Gumy 1998 XV, 222 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Freiburg (Schweiz), Univ., Diss., 1998 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (DE-588)116362-0 gnd rswk-swf Direktinvestition (DE-588)4070496-8 gnd rswk-swf Schweiz (DE-588)4053881-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Schweiz (DE-588)4053881-3 g Direktinvestition (DE-588)4070496-8 s Association of Southeast Asian Nations (DE-588)116362-0 b DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008282657&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Swiss direct investment in ASEAN |
| title_auth | Swiss direct investment in ASEAN |
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| title_full | Swiss direct investment in ASEAN by François Gumy |
| title_fullStr | Swiss direct investment in ASEAN by François Gumy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Swiss direct investment in ASEAN by François Gumy |
| title_short | Swiss direct investment in ASEAN |
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