Bolzano and analytic philosophy:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Rodopi
1997
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Grazer philosophische Studien
53 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Einzelaufnahme eines Zeitschr.-H. |
| Beschreibung: | 266 S. |
| ISBN: | 9042005734 |
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| adam_text | Titel: Bolzano and analytic philosophy
Autor: Künne, Wolfgang
Jahr: 1997
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Vorbemerkung Preface
Dagfin F0LLESDAL: Bolzano s Legacy....................... 1
Bernard Bolzano (1781-1848) was an original and independent
thinker, who left a lasting legacy in several areas of philosophy. Four
such areas are singled for Special attention: political philosophy, eth-
ics and theology, logics and semantics, and mathematics. In all these
areas he was far ahead of his time. He had pioneering ideas in politi-
cal philosophy and in ethics and philosophy of religion, and he ar-
gued for them in a brilliantly clear way. In logic and semantics he an-
ticipated Frege, Carnap and Quine on important points, and he had
intriguing, yet to be explored, ideas on intuition and other fundamen-
tal philosophical notions. In the foundations of mathematical analy-
sis and the theory of infinite sets he anticipated Weierstrass and Can-
tor.
Jan BERG: Bolzano, the Prescient Encyclopedist................ 13
In his Wissenschaftslehre Bernard Bolzano tried to lay down a logi-
cally satisfactory foundation of mathematics and theory of probabil-
ity. Thereby he became aware of the distinction between the actual
thoughts and judgments of human beings, their linguistic expres-
sions and the abstract propositions (Sätze an sich) and their compo-
nents (Vorstellungen an sich). This ontological distinction is funda-
mental in Bolzano s thinking paired with a universal world view in
the sense that philosophy, mathematics, physics and metaphysics
should be build upon the same logical foundations. Bolzano s enter-
prise is sketched in the light of examples from his logical semantics,
proof theory, numbertheory, theory oftruth and his Variation logic.
Jan SEBESTIK: Bolzano, Exner and the Origins of Analytical
Philosophy.................................................. 33
Analytical philosophy begins with the first mathematical and philo-
sophical works of Bolzano published between 1804 and 1817. There,
Bolzano set out a project for the global reform of mathematics by
means of the axiomatic method. Having completed the Wissen-
schqftslehre, Bolzano wrote a summary of his logic for the Größen-
lehre, which he sent to Exner in 1833. The correspondence between
Bolzano and Exner covered some of the main subjects treated by ana-
lytical philosophy: the Status of abstract objects (propositions and
objective ideas), intuitions, objectless ideas, the concept of object and
many others. While Bolzano argued in favor of abstract entities inde-
pendent of mind and of language, Exner considered them as abstrac-
tions obtained from the subjective judgments and representations.
During the XIXth Century, Bolzano s philosophy spread over Bohe-
mia and Austria through manuscripts and through the first edition of
Zimmermann s textbook of philosophy. The most important Brenta-
nians, Kerry, Twardowski, Meinong and Husserl, discussed his doc-
trines which may also have influenced Wittgenstein and the Polish
school.
Paul RUSNOCK: Bolzano and the Traditions of Analysis........ 61
Russell, in his History of Western Philosophy, wrote that modern
analytical philosophy had its origins in the construction of modern
functional analysis by Weierstrass and others. As it turns out,
Bolzano, in the first four decades of the nineteenth Century, had al-
ready made important contributions to the creation of Weierstras-
sian analysis, some of which were well known to Weierstrass and
his circle. In addition, his mathematical research was guided by a
methodology which articulated many of the central principles of
modern philosophical analysis. That Russell was able to discover
philosophical content within mathematical analysis was thus not sur-
prising, for it had been carefully put there in the first place. Bolzano
can and should, accordingly, be viewed as a founder of modern ana-
lytical philosophy, and not necessarily as an uninfluential one. This
paper considers his work in mathematical and philosophical analysis
against some of the relevant historical background.
Peter SIMONS: Bolzano on Collections......................... 87
Bolzano s theory of coilections (Inbegriffe) has usually been taken
as a rudimentary set theory. More recentiy, Frank Krickel has claimed
it is a mereology. I find both interpretations wanting. Bolzano s the-
ory is, as 1 show, extremely broad in scope; it is in fact a general the-
ory of collective entities, including the concrete wholes of mereol-
ogy, classes-as-many, and many empirical collections. By extending
Bolzano s ideas to embrace the three factors of kind, components
and mode of combination, one may develop a coherent general ac-
count of collections. But it is most difficult to take Bolzano s view to
fit modern set theory. So while Krickel s positive thesis is rejected,
his negative thesis is confirmed.
Ali BEHBOUD: Remarks on Bolzano s Collections............. 109
Mark SIEBEL: Variation, Derivability and Necessity............ 117
In Bolzano s view, a proposition is necessarily true iff it is derivable
from true propositions that include no intuition (Anschauung). This
analysis is historically important because it displays close similari-
ties to Quine s and Kripke s ideas. Its systematic significance, how-
ever, is reduced by the fact that derivability is defined with recourse
to the method of Variation, which we are allowed to apply even to
propositions containing none of the respective variables. This liber-
ality leads to the result that, according to Bolzano s analysis, every
truth is necessarily true. Even by introducing his condition of rele-
vance (shared variables), Bolzano cannot avoid that some proposi-
tions come out as necessarily true which are merely contingently
true.
Edgar MORSCHER: Bolzano s Method of Variation: Three Puz-
zles......................................................... 139
Bernard Bolzano s most fruitful invention was his method of Varia-
tion. He used it in defining such fundamental logical concepts as
logical consequence, analyticity and probability. The following
three puzzles concerning this method of Variation seem particularly
worth considering. (i) How can we define the ränge of Variation of an
idea or the categorial conformity of two ideas without already using
the concept of Variation? This question was raised by Mark Siebel in
his M.A. thesis. (ü) Why must we define analyticity by means of (si-
multaneous or successive) Variation of several ideas rather than by
means of replacing a single idea? This problem is suggested by an ex-
ampledue to W.V.O. Quine, John R. Myhill and Benson Mates. (iii)
Must every there is ... sentence be synthetic for Bolzano. as his pu-
pil Franz Prihonsky claims in his booklet Neuer Anti-Kant, or can a
there is... sentence be logically analytic?
Rolf GEORGE: Bolzano s Programme and Abstract Objects..... 167
Most of the Bolzano literature is exegetical, neglecting, unfortu-
nately, the great potential of his logic as the beginning of a PRO-
GRAMME. Specifically, his unorthodox construal of the conse-
quence relation as triadic, and his account of logical form are promis-
ing beginnings which even as they stand shed light on question of
relevance, the ancient problems of enthymemes and others. Instead
of developing these suggestions, Bolzano scholars have been occu-
pied with elucidating the ontology of sentences in themselves, and
related topics. I argue, and believe to be in agreement with Bolzano.
that the nature of sentences is fully explained by the relations that
hold between them, just as money has no nature or essence beyond
the transactions it makes possible. It follows that the development of
his logic would contribute at least as much to the understanding of
sentences than any exegesis.
Mark TEXTOR: Bolzano s Sententialism....................... 181
Bolzano holds that every sentence can be paraphrased into a sentence
of the form A has b . Bolzano s arguments for this claim are recon-
structedanddiscussed. Sincetheycrucially relyon Bolzano s notion
of paraphrase, this notion is investigated in detail. Bolzano has usu-
ally been taken to require that in a correct paraphrase the sentence to
be paraphrased and the paraphrasing sentence express the same
proposition. In view of Bolzano s texts and systematical considera-
tions this Interpretation is rejected: Bolzano only holds that the sen-
tence to be paraphrased and the paraphrasing sentence must be equi-
pollent ( gleichgeltend ). It is shown that even this modest view of
paraphrase does not help Bolzano in sustaining his claim that all sen-
tences have the form A has b .
Wolfgang KUNNE: Propositions in Bolzano and Frege.......... 203
Bolzano s Sätze an sich and Frege s Gedanken are obviously close
relatives. The paper underlines both similarities and dissimilarities
between the psychological and semantical roles assigned to struc-
tured truth-evaluable Contents in Bolzano s and Frege s theories. In
particular, theirdifferentaccounts of propositional identity are com-
pared, and it is argued that Dummett s recent criticism of Frege s ac-
count is grist to Bolzano s mill.
Michael DUMMETT: Comments on Wolfgang Künne s Paper... 241
Carsten Uwe GIESKE: Bolzano s Notion of Testifying.......... 249
The notion of testifying (or testimony) is the central notion of
Bolzano stheory ofcommunication. In his Wissenschafislehre (The-
ory of Science) Bolzano gives an analysis of this notion. It shows sur-
prising parallels to Paul Grice s attemptto define A meant^ some-
thing by x . I will begin with an explanation of some parts of the
analysis and continue with an investigation of the relationship be-
tween Bolzano s analysis and that of Grice. In conclusion I would
like to present some evidence supporting the hypothesis that several
of the virtues of Grice s theory had already been developed by
Bolzano, whose approach even has the advantage of a better defini-
tion than Grice s, as Bolzano s analysis provides a better basis for
defining a notion of successful communication of information.
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| spelling | Bolzano and analytic philosophy ed. by Wolfgang Künne ... Amsterdam [u.a.] Rodopi 1997 266 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Grazer philosophische Studien 53 Einzelaufnahme eines Zeitschr.-H. Bolzano, Bernard <1781-1848> Congresses Bolzano, Bernard 1781-1848 (DE-588)118513117 gnd rswk-swf Analytische filosofie gtt Analysis (Philosophy) Congresses Analytische Philosophie (DE-588)4001869-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1997 Hamburg gnd-content Bolzano, Bernard 1781-1848 (DE-588)118513117 p Analytische Philosophie (DE-588)4001869-6 s DE-604 Künne, Wolfgang 1944- Sonstige (DE-588)133618250 oth Grazer philosophische Studien 53 (DE-604)BV002580628 53 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008265748&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bolzano and analytic philosophy Grazer philosophische Studien Bolzano, Bernard <1781-1848> Congresses Bolzano, Bernard 1781-1848 (DE-588)118513117 gnd Analytische filosofie gtt Analysis (Philosophy) Congresses Analytische Philosophie (DE-588)4001869-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118513117 (DE-588)4001869-6 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Bolzano and analytic philosophy |
| title_auth | Bolzano and analytic philosophy |
| title_exact_search | Bolzano and analytic philosophy |
| title_full | Bolzano and analytic philosophy ed. by Wolfgang Künne ... |
| title_fullStr | Bolzano and analytic philosophy ed. by Wolfgang Künne ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bolzano and analytic philosophy ed. by Wolfgang Künne ... |
| title_short | Bolzano and analytic philosophy |
| title_sort | bolzano and analytic philosophy |
| topic | Bolzano, Bernard <1781-1848> Congresses Bolzano, Bernard 1781-1848 (DE-588)118513117 gnd Analytische filosofie gtt Analysis (Philosophy) Congresses Analytische Philosophie (DE-588)4001869-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bolzano, Bernard <1781-1848> Congresses Bolzano, Bernard 1781-1848 Analytische filosofie Analysis (Philosophy) Congresses Analytische Philosophie Konferenzschrift 1997 Hamburg |
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