Kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures: hydriding, oxidation, poisoning
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
1998
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Springer series in surface sciences
36 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 197 - 201 |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 206 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540639756 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Fromm, Eckehard |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures |b hydriding, oxidation, poisoning |c Eckehard Fromm |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 206 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Springer series in surface sciences |v 36 | |
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 197 - 201 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical kinetics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemistry, Metallurgic | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Metallic films | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Metallic oxides | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Metals |x Effect of low temperatures on | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Oxidation | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
.
1
2
PRINCIPLES
OF
REACTION
KINETICS
.
5
2.1
EQUILIBRIA
OF
CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
.
6
2.2
STRUCTURE
OF
REACTION
MODELS
.
9
2.2.1
REACTION
PARTIAL
STEPS
.
10
2.2.2
RATE
EQUATIONS
OF
PARTIAL
REACTIONS
.
10
2.2.3
COMBINING
THE
PARTIAL
STEPS
.
12
2.2.4
MATHEMATICAL
SOLUTION
OF
THE
PROBLEM
.
12
2.2.5
STEADY-STATE
CONCEPTION
.
13
2.2.6 RATE
DETERMINING
STEP
.
13
2.2.7
CONCLUDING
REMARKS
.
14
2.3
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
REACTION
PARTIAL
STEPS
.
15
2.3.1
MOLECULAR
ADSORPTION
OR
PHYSISORPTION
.
15
2.3.2
CHEMISORPTION
.
18
2.3.3
FORMATION
OF
LATTICE
DEFECTS
.
22
2.3.4
FORMATION
OF
THE
REACTION
PRODUCT
.
23
2.3.5
DIFFUSION
PROCESSES
.
23
2.3.6
ELECTRONIC
CURRENTS
.
25
2.3.7
IONIC
FLUXES
.
26
2.3.8
INITIAL
STAGE
OF
OXIDATION
.
26
3
EXPERIMENTAL
TECHNIQUES
.
28
3.1
INITIAL
STATE
OF
METAL
SURFACES
AND
UHV
EXPERIMENTS
.
28
3.2
VOLUMETRIC
AND
MANOMETRIC
METHODS
.
29
3.3
QUARTZ
CRYSTAL
MICROBALANCE
.
31
3.4
ELLIPSOMETRY
.
32
3.5
ENERGETIC
ION
SCATTERING
.
33
3.5.1
RUTHERFORD
BACKSCATTERING
SPECTROSCOPY
.
34
3.5.2
ELASTIC
RECOIL
DETECTION
ANALYSIS
.
35
3.5.3
NUCLEAR
REACTION
ANALYSIS
.
36
3.6
X-RAY
REFLECTIVITY
.
38
3.7
SURFACE-ANALYTICAL
METHODS
.
39
4
HYDROGEN
REACTIONS
.
41
4.1
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
.
42
4.1.1
METAL-HYDROGEN
SYSTEMS
.
42
4.1.2
HYDROGEN
SOLUTION
IN
METALS
.
45
4.1.3
HYDRIDE
FORMATION
.
47
4.2
HYDROGEN
SOLUTION
IN
METALS
.
51
4.2.1
REACTION
MECHANISM,
PARTIAL
STEPS
.
51
X
CONTENTS
4.2.2
TRANSPORT
OF
H
2
MOLECULES
IN
THE
GAS
PHASE
.
52
4.2.3
DESORPTION
OF
PHYSISORBED
MOLECULES
.
53
4.2.4
DISSOCIATION
OF
PHYSISORBED
H
2
MOLECULES
.
53
4.2.5
RECOMBINATION
AND
DESORPTION
OF
CHEMISORBED
HYDROGEN
ATOMS
.
54
4.2.6
SURFACE
PENETRATION,
FORWARD
REACTION
.
55
4.2.7
SURFACE
PENETRATION,
BACKWARD
REACTION
.
56
4.2.8
DIFFUSION
IN
THE
METAL
PHASE
.
56
4.3
HYDRIDE
FORMATION
.
57
4.3.1
REACTION
MECHANISM,
PARTIAL
STEPS
.
57
4.3.2
PHYSISORPTION
AND
CHEMISORPTION
.
58
4.3.3
TRANSITION
FROM
CHEMISORPTION
TO
THE
HYDRIDE
SUBSURFACE
.
58
4.3.4
DIFFUSION
IN
THE
HYDRIDE
PHASE
.
59
4.3.5
FORMATION
OF
THE
HYDRIDE
PHASE
.
62
4.4
COMPUTER
SIMULATION
OF
ADVANCED
MODELS
.
63
4.4.1
STRUCTURE
OF
THE
MODEL
.
64
4.4.2
PROCEDURE
OF
THE
NUMERIC
SOLUTION
.
67
4.4.3
DISCUSSION
OF
RESULTS
FOR
ABSORPTION
.
70
4.4.4
CONCLUSIONS
.
74
4.4.5
DESORPTION
.
74
5
LOW-TEMPERATURE
OXIDATION
.
78
5.1
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
.
79
5.2
RATE
LAWS
PROPOSED
IN
THE
LITERATURE
.
82
5.2.1
PARABOLIC
LAW
.
83
5.2.2
INVERSE
LOGARITHMIC
LAW
.
83
5.2.3
LINEAR
LAW
.
83
5.2.4
LOGARITHMIC
LAW
.
84
5.3
PARTIAL
STEPS
OF
THE
OXIDATION
REACTION
.
84
5.3.1
REACTION
MECHANISMS
.
84
5.3.2
CHARGE
DISTRIBUTION
AND
ELECTRIC
FIELDS
.
85
5.3.3
REACTIONS
AT
THE
METAL/OXIDE
INTERFACE
.
87
5.3.4
REACTIONS
AT
THE
OXIDE
SURFACE
.
87
5.4
RELATIONS
AND
CONSTANTS
USED
IN
MODEL
CALCULATIONS
.
88
5.4.1
EQUATION
OF
CONTINUITY
.
88
5.4.2
STEADY-STATE
CONDITION
.
89
5.4.3
PRINCIPLE
OF
COUPLED
CURRENTS
.
89
5.4.4
STRUCTURE
OF
THE
MODELS
.
91
5.4.5
NUMERICAL
PROCEDURES
.
91
5.5
EXAMPLE
OF
A
MODEL
CONSIDERING
SPACE
CHARGES
.
92
5.5.1
EQUILIBRIA
OF
THE
INTERFACE
REACTIONS
.
93
5.5.2
ION
CURRENTS
.
93
5.5.3
ELECTRONIC
CURRENTS
.
93
5.5.4
MATHEMATICAL
TREATMENT
.
94
5.6
MODELS
NEGLECTING
SPACE
CHARGES
.
95
5.6.1
ION
CURRENT
IN
THE
HOMOGENEOUS
FIELD
.
95
5.6.2
ELECTROSTATIC
PHENOMENA
.
95
5.6.3
SURFACE
PENETRATION
.
96
CONTENTS
XI
5.6.4
CONFIGURATION
OF
THE
MODELS
.
96
5.7
DETAILED
PRESENTATION
OF
A
MODEL
WITH
METAL
INTERSTITIALS
AS
MOBILE
DEFECTS
.
98
5.7.1
EQUILIBRIUM
AND
RATE
EQUATIONS
.
98
5.7.2
SURFACE
CHARGES
.
99
5.7.3
THE
POTENTIAL
V
ACROSS
THE
LAYER
.
100
5.7.4
CALCULATION
OF
CONCENTRATIONS,
CURRENTS,
AND
THE
OXIDE
GROWTH
CURVE
.
100
5.7.5
STANDARD
OXIDE
GROWTH
CURVE
.
100
5.7.6
CONCENTRATION
OF
REACTING
SPECIES
AND
PARTIAL
FLUXES
.
.
.
102
5.8
RESULTS
OF
MODEL
CALCULATIONS,
PARAMETER
VARIATIONS
.
103
5.8.1
EFFECTIVE
CHARGE
OF
METAL
INTERSTITIALS
.
103
5.8.2
ION
CURRENT
.
104
5.8.3
SURFACE
PENETRATION
.
104
5.8.4
EFFECTIVE
ELECTRON
MASS
.
105
5.8.5
ENERGY
U
OF
THE
CONDUCTION
BAND
DISTANCE
.
107
5.8.6
ENERGY
W
OF
THE
CHEMISORPTION
LEVEL
.
107
5.8.7
EQUILIBRIUM
CONSTANT
OF
PHYSISORPTION
.
107
5.8.8
OXYGEN
PRESSURE
.
107
5.8.9
TEMPERATURE
.
108
5.9
EFFECTS
OF
THE
DEFECT
STRUCTURE
OF
THE
OXIDE
.
109
5.9.1
MODELS
WITH
OXYGEN
INTERSTITIALS,
SPACE
CHARGE
EFFECTS
.
.
109
5.9.2
EFFECT
OF
THE
OXYGEN
PRESSURE
.
ILL
5.9.3
MODELS
WITH
OXYGEN
VACANCIES
AND
METAL
VACANCIES
.
112
5.10
SIMULATION
OF
EXPERIMENTS
WITH
THE
VOLUMETRIC
METHOD
.
113
5.10.1
REACTION
MODEL
.
113
5.10.2
RESULTS
OF
MODEL
CALCULATIONS
.
114
5.11
REACTION
MECHANISMS
OF
LOW-TEMPERATURE
OXIDATION
.
115
5.11.1
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
THE
MECHANISM
.
116
5.11.2
PHYSISORBED
OXYGEN
.
117
5.11.3
DEFECT
FORMATION
AND
OXIDE
FORMATION
.
118
5.11.4
ELECTRONIC
STRUCTURE
AND
ELECTRONIC
CURRENTS
.
118
5.11.5
EFFECTS
NOT
CONSIDERED
BY
THE
MODELS
.
118
5.11.6
APPROXIMATIONS
FOR
ESTIMATED
OXIDATION
CURVES
.
119
5.11.7
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
AND
MODEL
CALCULATIONS
.
120
5.11.8
CONCLUSIONS
.
122
6
POISONING
OF
HYDROGEN
REACTIONS
.
123
6.1
EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
.
124
6.1.1
WIRE
SAMPLES
.
124
6.1.2
FILM
SAMPLES
.
126
6.1.3
POWDER
SAMPLES
.
131
6.1.4
GENERAL
TRENDS
.
133
6.2
STABILITY
OF
OXIDE
LAYERS
AT
ELEVATED
TEMPERATURES
.
134
6.2.1
STRUCTURE
OF
THE
MODEL
.
134
6.2.2
RESULTS
.
135
6.2.3
CONCLUSIONS
.
136
6.3
SURFACE
LAYER
OF
CONSTANT
THICKNESS
.
137
6.3.1
ABSORPTION,
DISSOCIATION
AND
PERMEATION
CONTROL
.
138
XII
CONTENTS
6.3.2
DISCUSSION
OF
THE
MECHANISM
.
143
6.3.3
DESORPTION,
SURFACE
AND
PERMEATION
CONTROLLED
.
145
6.3.4
ABSORPTION,
PERMEATION
AND
DIFFUSION
CONTROL
.
147
6.4
CONTAMINATION
LAYERS
GROWING
DURING
EXPOSURE
.
148
6.4.1
POISONING
BY
CHEMISORPTION
LAYERS
.
149
6.4.2
POISONING
BY
OXIDE
LAYERS
.
150
6.4.3
HYDROGEN
ABSORPTION
IN
H
2
/O
2
GAS
MIXTURES
.
154
6.4.4
ESTIMATE
OF
EXPOSURE
TIME
AND
H
2
ABSORPTION
BEFORE
POISONING
.
154
APPENDICES
A
CHEMICAL
POTENTIALS
AND
STANDARD
STATES
.
156
A.L
CHEMICAL
POTENTIALS
.
156
A.
1.1
DEFINITIONS
.
156
A.2
STANDARD
STATES
AND
STANDARD
REACTIONS
.
158
A.2.1
ELEMENTS
.
158
A.2.
2
OXIDES
M
X
O
Y
.
159
A.2.3
PHYSISORPTION
.
160
A.2.4
MOLECULAR
CHEMISORPTION
.
161
A.2.5
ATOMIC
CHEMISORPTION
.
162
A.2.
6
METAL
INTERSTITIALS
.
162
A.2.7
METAL
VACANCY
.
163
A.2.8
OXYGEN
INTERSTITIALS
.
163
A.2.9
OXYGEN
VACANCY
.
164
A.2.
10
OTHER
COMPOUNDS
.
164
B
EQUILIBRIA
OF
CHARGED
SPECIES
.
165
B.L
POISSON
EQUATION
.
165
B.2
DIPOLE
LAYERS
.
166
B.3
SPACE
CHARGES
.
166
B.3.1
THICK
LAYERS,
I
A.
.
168
B.3.2
THIN
LAYERS,
I
K
.
168
B.3.
3
CONCLUSIONS
.
171
B.4
MOTT
POTENTIAL
.
171
B.4.1
OXYGEN
MOLECULES
AS
ACCEPTORS
.
172
B.4.2
OXYGEN
ATOMS
AS
ACCEPTORS
.
174
B.4.
3
PRESSURE
INDEPENDENT
ACCEPTOR
SITES
.
174
B.4.4
CONDITIONS
FOR
THE
EXISTENCE
OF
A
MOTT
EQUILIBRIUM
POTENTIAL
.
175
B.5
EQUILIBRIA
IN
OXIDE
LAYERS
.
175
C
ELECTRONIC
CURRENTS
.
180
C.L
TUNNELING
.
180
C.2
HOPPING
MECHANISM
.
182
C.3
SEMICONDUCTION
.
183
D
IONIC
CURRENTS
.
186
D.L
BASIC
EQUATIONS
.
186
D.L.L
ZERO
CONCENTRATION
GRADIENT
.
186
D.1.2
ZERO
FIELD
CURRENT
.
187
CONTENTS
XIII
D.1.3
HIGH
FIELD
TRANSPORT
EQUATION
.
187
D.1.4
STEADY
STATE
CURRENT
IN
A
HOMOGENEOUS
FIELD
.
188
D.2
SPACE
CHARGE
EFFECTS
.
189
D.3
COUPLED
CURRENTS
.
190
E
UNITS,
MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
.
192
SYMBOLS
.
194
REFERENCES
.
197
SUBJECT
INDEX
.
202 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Fromm, Eckehard |
| author_facet | Fromm, Eckehard |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Fromm, Eckehard |
| author_variant | e f ef |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV012140227 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QD561 |
| callnumber-raw | QD561 |
| callnumber-search | QD561 |
| callnumber-sort | QD 3561 |
| callnumber-subject | QD - Chemistry |
| classification_rvk | UP 1100 UP 7560 UP 7630 |
| classification_tum | PHY 649f CHE 163f CHE 185f PHY 656f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)39307329 (DE-599)BVBBV012140227 |
| dewey-full | 546/.3 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 546 - Inorganic chemistry |
| dewey-raw | 546/.3 |
| dewey-search | 546/.3 |
| dewey-sort | 3546 13 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV012140227 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-18T00:07:01Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540639756 |
| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008223113 |
| oclc_num | 39307329 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-634 DE-83 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-634 DE-83 DE-11 |
| physical | XIII, 206 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
| publishDateSort | 1998 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Springer series in surface sciences |
| series2 | Springer series in surface sciences |
| spelling | Fromm, Eckehard Verfasser aut Kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures hydriding, oxidation, poisoning Eckehard Fromm Berlin [u.a.] Springer 1998 XIII, 206 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer series in surface sciences 36 Literaturverz. S. 197 - 201 Chemical kinetics Chemistry, Metallurgic Metallic films Metallic oxides Metals Effect of low temperatures on Oxidation Lösung Chemie (DE-588)4036159-7 gnd rswk-swf Dünne Schicht (DE-588)4136925-7 gnd rswk-swf Metallhydride (DE-588)4169593-8 gnd rswk-swf Reaktionskinetik (DE-588)4048655-2 gnd rswk-swf Metalloxide (DE-588)4169619-0 gnd rswk-swf Niedrigtemperatur (DE-588)4417434-2 gnd rswk-swf Oxidation (DE-588)4137187-2 gnd rswk-swf Metall-Wasserstoff-System (DE-588)4169641-4 gnd rswk-swf Wasserstoff (DE-588)4064784-5 gnd rswk-swf Metalloberfläche (DE-588)4169612-8 gnd rswk-swf Metalloberfläche (DE-588)4169612-8 s Oxidation (DE-588)4137187-2 s Niedrigtemperatur (DE-588)4417434-2 s Reaktionskinetik (DE-588)4048655-2 s Metalloxide (DE-588)4169619-0 s Dünne Schicht (DE-588)4136925-7 s DE-604 Wasserstoff (DE-588)4064784-5 s Lösung Chemie (DE-588)4036159-7 s Metallhydride (DE-588)4169593-8 s Metall-Wasserstoff-System (DE-588)4169641-4 s Springer series in surface sciences 36 (DE-604)BV000600785 36 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008223113&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fromm, Eckehard Kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures hydriding, oxidation, poisoning Springer series in surface sciences Chemical kinetics Chemistry, Metallurgic Metallic films Metallic oxides Metals Effect of low temperatures on Oxidation Lösung Chemie (DE-588)4036159-7 gnd Dünne Schicht (DE-588)4136925-7 gnd Metallhydride (DE-588)4169593-8 gnd Reaktionskinetik (DE-588)4048655-2 gnd Metalloxide (DE-588)4169619-0 gnd Niedrigtemperatur (DE-588)4417434-2 gnd Oxidation (DE-588)4137187-2 gnd Metall-Wasserstoff-System (DE-588)4169641-4 gnd Wasserstoff (DE-588)4064784-5 gnd Metalloberfläche (DE-588)4169612-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4036159-7 (DE-588)4136925-7 (DE-588)4169593-8 (DE-588)4048655-2 (DE-588)4169619-0 (DE-588)4417434-2 (DE-588)4137187-2 (DE-588)4169641-4 (DE-588)4064784-5 (DE-588)4169612-8 |
| title | Kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures hydriding, oxidation, poisoning |
| title_auth | Kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures hydriding, oxidation, poisoning |
| title_exact_search | Kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures hydriding, oxidation, poisoning |
| title_full | Kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures hydriding, oxidation, poisoning Eckehard Fromm |
| title_fullStr | Kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures hydriding, oxidation, poisoning Eckehard Fromm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures hydriding, oxidation, poisoning Eckehard Fromm |
| title_short | Kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures |
| title_sort | kinetics of metal gas interactions at low temperatures hydriding oxidation poisoning |
| title_sub | hydriding, oxidation, poisoning |
| topic | Chemical kinetics Chemistry, Metallurgic Metallic films Metallic oxides Metals Effect of low temperatures on Oxidation Lösung Chemie (DE-588)4036159-7 gnd Dünne Schicht (DE-588)4136925-7 gnd Metallhydride (DE-588)4169593-8 gnd Reaktionskinetik (DE-588)4048655-2 gnd Metalloxide (DE-588)4169619-0 gnd Niedrigtemperatur (DE-588)4417434-2 gnd Oxidation (DE-588)4137187-2 gnd Metall-Wasserstoff-System (DE-588)4169641-4 gnd Wasserstoff (DE-588)4064784-5 gnd Metalloberfläche (DE-588)4169612-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chemical kinetics Chemistry, Metallurgic Metallic films Metallic oxides Metals Effect of low temperatures on Oxidation Lösung Chemie Dünne Schicht Metallhydride Reaktionskinetik Metalloxide Niedrigtemperatur Metall-Wasserstoff-System Wasserstoff Metalloberfläche |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008223113&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000600785 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT frommeckehard kineticsofmetalgasinteractionsatlowtemperatureshydridingoxidationpoisoning |