Plant variation and evolution:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
1997
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 512 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0521452953 0521459184 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126732350914560 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | PLANT VARIATION
AND EVOLUTION
D BRIGGS
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge
S M WALTERS
Former Director of the University Botanic Garden, Cambridge
3rd EDITION
CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Contents
Preface to the Third Edition page xv
Acknowledgements xix
Note on names of plants xxi
1 Looking at variation 1
Kinds , species and natural classification 1
Individual variation 5
The nature of species 5
2 From Ray to Darwin 7
Ray and the definition of species 7
The Chain of Being 9
Linnaeus 10
Buffon and Lamarck 17
Darwin 20
Tests of specific difference 29
3 Early work on biometry 33
Commonest occurring variation in an array 35
Estimates of dispersion of the data 36
Histograms, frequency diagrams and the normal
distribution curve 38
Other types of distribution 41
Comparison of different arrays of data 42
Complex distributions 43
Local races 46
Correlated variation 48
Problems of biometry 50
4 Early work on the basis of individual variation 52
Phenotype and genotype 53
Transplant experiments 55
IX
Contents
The work of Mendel 58
Pangenesis 64
Mendelian ratios in plants 65
Mendelism and continuous variation 66
Physical basis of Mendelian inheritance 73
Post-Darwinian ideas about evolution 80
Experimental investigation of evolution 80
The mutation theory of evolution 84
Neo-Darwinism 85
Modern views on the basis of variation 88
Molecular basis of heredity 88
Mutation 94
Cytological differences 98
Non-Mendelian inheritance 102
Modern techniques used in studying genetic variation 103
Electrophoretic studies of enzymes 104
Analysis of DNA 107
Use of DNA in studies of variation 111
Patterns of variation 114
Phenotypic variation 114
Developmental variation 116
Phenotypic plasticity 120
Breeding systems 124
Outbreeding 124
Late-acting self-incompatibility systems 133
Self-fertilisation 133
Apomixis 134
Consequences of different reproductive modes 143
Advantage and disadvantages of different breeding
systems 145
Breeding systems in wild populations 148
Environmental control of facultative apomixis 157
The use of molecular markers in the study of the
reproductive behaviour of apomictic plants 158
Evolution of breeding systems 160
Concluding remarks 165
Infraspecific variation and the ecotype concept 167
Turesson s pioneer studies and other experiments 167
Experiments by American botanists 174
The widespread occurrence of ecotypes 1S3
Contents xi
Clines
Factors influencing the variation pattern
The refining of genecological experiments
Sampling populations
Cultivation experiments
The designed experiment
The interpretation of experiments
Recent advances in genecology
Variation in populations
Plant populations
Gene flow
Gene flow: early ideas
Gene flow: agricultural experiments
Gene flow: insights from the movement of pollen
Gene flow: studies of seed dispersal
Gene flow: studies using molecular tools
Neighbourhoods in wild populations
Effects of chance
Founder effects in introduced species
Selection in populations
Fitness
Studies of single factors
Studies of several interacting factors: Lotus and
Trifolium
Reciprocal transplant experiments
Experimental evidence for disruptive selection
Co-selection in swards
The speed of microevolutionary change: agricultural
experiments
Rapid change in polluted sites
Microevolution in arable areas
Adaptive and non-adaptive characters
Patterns of variation in response to seasonal or irregular
extreme habitat factors
Concluding remarks
Species and speciation
The species concept
Other species definitions
Gradual speciation
Abrupt speciation
xii Contents
11 Gradual speciation and hybridisation 270
» Evidence for gradual speciation 271
Crossing experiments with species of Layia 272
The interpretation of crossing experiments 273
Studies of Layia using molecular methods 274
Uncertainties about the concept of gradual speciation 276
Natural hybridisation 277
The consequences of hybridisation: some theoretical
considerations 284
Results of disruptive selection in polymorphic populations 287
Introgression and other patterns of hybridisation 290
Genetic investigations of hybridisation 295
Chemical studies of hybridisation 297
Critical tests of the hypothesis of introgression 299
Recent studies of introgression using molecular tools 302
Introgression in Louisiana Irises 304
Concluding remarks 307
12 Abrupt speciation 309
How common is polyploidy? 309
Experimental studies of polyploids 312
Early cytogenetic studies 312
Resynthesis of wild polyploids 313
Auto- and allopolyploidy 314
Genome analysis 318
Genome analysis: uncertainties about ancestry 322
Genetic control of chromosome pairing: the implications
for genome analysis 325
Studies of karyotypes 327
Chemical studies 330
Autopolyploids: reassessment of their evolutionary
potential 331
Polytopic multiple origin of polyploids 332
The origin of new polyploids: the role of somatic events
and unreduced gametes 338
The persistence of polyploids 340
Gene flow between diploids and polyploids 344
Polyploids: their potential for evolutionary change 346
Distribution of polyploids 348
How important is polyhaploidy? 351
The delimitation of taxa within polyploid groups 351
Contents xiii
Abrupt speciation 352
Changes in chromosome number 353
Chromosome repatterning 357
Speciation following hybridisation 358
Minority disadvantage 359
13 The species concept 361
The biological species concept 362
The views of botanical taxonomists 364
14 Evolution: some general considerations 367
The fossil record 368
Diversification of the angiosperms 370
Microevolution and macroevolution 372
The devising of phylogenetic trees 379
The use of computers in taxonomy 382
The influence of numerical taxonomy 384
Cladistics 385
A critique of cladistic approaches 389
Transgenic plants 396
15 Conservation: confronting the extinction of species 399
What are the threats to biodiversity? 400
What classes of evidence are available for assessing claims
concerning threats of extinction? 400
The threats induced by changes in land use 402
Threats to native biota from introduced plants and
animals 402
The effects of pollution 404
How many species are there in the world? 406
How many species are threatened with extinction? 408
Processes involved in the extinction of species 411
Demographic stochasticity 412
Effects of fragmentation 414
Genetics of small populations 414
Minimum viable populations 416
What priorities should be set in attempting to reverse the
decline of endangered species? 419
Ex situ conservation 421
The role of protected areas in countering the threat of
extinction 423
Managing resources to prevent extinction of species 426
Restoration ecology 427
xiv Contents
Manipulating and creating populations of endangered
species in an attempt to prevent extinction 428
Arguments for conservation 432
Glossary 434
References 438
Index 499
|
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| dewey-full | 581.15 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 581 - Specific topics in natural history of plants |
| dewey-raw | 581.15 |
| dewey-search | 581.15 |
| dewey-sort | 3581.15 |
| dewey-tens | 580 - Plants |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Briggs, David Verfasser aut Plant variation and evolution D. Briggs ; S. M. Walters 3. ed. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 1997 XXI, 512 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd rswk-swf Variabilität (DE-588)4264568-2 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd rswk-swf Phylogenie (DE-588)4076110-1 gnd rswk-swf Mutation (DE-588)4170883-0 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 s Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 s DE-604 Phylogenie (DE-588)4076110-1 s Variabilität (DE-588)4264568-2 s Mutation (DE-588)4170883-0 s 1\p DE-604 Walters, Stuart M. 1920-2005 Verfasser (DE-588)123738911 aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008211575&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Briggs, David Walters, Stuart M. 1920-2005 Plant variation and evolution Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd Variabilität (DE-588)4264568-2 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd Phylogenie (DE-588)4076110-1 gnd Mutation (DE-588)4170883-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071050-6 (DE-588)4264568-2 (DE-588)4045539-7 (DE-588)4076110-1 (DE-588)4170883-0 |
| title | Plant variation and evolution |
| title_auth | Plant variation and evolution |
| title_exact_search | Plant variation and evolution |
| title_full | Plant variation and evolution D. Briggs ; S. M. Walters |
| title_fullStr | Plant variation and evolution D. Briggs ; S. M. Walters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant variation and evolution D. Briggs ; S. M. Walters |
| title_short | Plant variation and evolution |
| title_sort | plant variation and evolution |
| topic | Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd Variabilität (DE-588)4264568-2 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd Phylogenie (DE-588)4076110-1 gnd Mutation (DE-588)4170883-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Evolution Variabilität Pflanzen Phylogenie Mutation |
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