Statistics for anthropology:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
1998
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| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Publisher description Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 238 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0521571162 0521577861 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126690520072192 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface xiii
1 Introduction to statistics 7
1.1 Statistics and scientific inquiry 1
1.2 Basic definitions 3
1.2.1 Validity and reliability 3
1.2.2 Variables and constants 4
1.2.3 Independent and dependent variables 5
1.2.4 Control and experimental groups 6
1.2.5 Scales of measurement and variables 6
1.2.6 Samples and statistics, populations and parameters; descriptive and
inferential statistics; a few words about sampling 8
1.3 Statistical notation 10
1.4 Rounding off rules 12
1.5 Key concepts 13
1.6 Exercises 13
2 Frequency distributions and graphs 75
2.1 Frequency distributions of qualitative variables 15
2.2 Frequency distributions of numerical discontinuous variables 18
2.3 Frequency distributions of continuous numerical variables 20
2.4 Graphs 25
2.4.1 Bar graphs 25
2.4.2 Pie charts 27
2.4.3 Histograms 27
2.4.4. Polygons 28
2.5 Key concepts 28
2.6 Exercises 29
3 Descriptive statistics: measures of central tendency and dispersion 31
3.1 Measures of central tendency 31
3.1.1 The mean 31
3.1.2 Computing the mean of frequency distributions 33
3.1.3 The median 34
3.1.4 Computing the median of frequency distributions 35
3.1.5 The mode 39
ix
Contents
3.2 Measures of variation 40
3.2.1 The range 40
3.2.2 The population variance and standard deviation; the definitional formulae 41
3.2.3 The sample variance and standard deviation; the definitional formulae 43
3.2.4 The population and sample variance and standard deviation; the
computational ( machine ) formula 45
3.2.5 The computational ( machine ) formula with frequency distributions 47
3.3 A research example of descriptive statistics 51
3.4 Key concepts 52
3.5 Exercises 52
4 Probability and statistics 54
4.1 Random sampling and probability distributions 54
4.2 The probability distribution of qualitative and discontinuous numerical
variables 55
4.3 The binomial distribution 57
4.4 The probability distribution of continuous variables 60
4.4.1 z scores 64
4.4.2 Percentile ranks and percentiles 68
4.5 The probability distribution of sample means 69
4.6 A research example of z scores 73
4.7 Key concepts 74
4.8 Exercises 74
5 Hypothesis testing 77
5.1 The principles of hypothesis testing 77
5.2 Errors and power in hypothesis testing 81
52.1 Type I error (a) 81
5.2.2 Type II error (0) 82
5.2.3 Power of statistical tests (1 /3) 83
5.3 Examples of hypothesis tests using z scores 85
5.4 One and two tail hypothesis tests 87
5.5 Assumptions of statistical tests 89
5.6 Hypothesis testing with the t distribution 90
5.7 Examples of hypothesis tests with t scores 92
5.8 Reporting hypothesis tests. 94
5.9 Key concepts 95
5.10 Exercises 95
6 The difference between two means 96
6.1 The un paired nest 96
6.2 Assumptions of the un paired nest 100
6.3 A research example ofthe unpaired nest 103
6.4 The comparison of a single observation with the mean of a sample 104
6.5 The comparison of paired samples 105
6.6 Assumptions of the paired nest 107
Contents xi
6.7 A research example of the paired t test 109
6.8 Key concepts 109
6.9 Exercises 109
7 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) 113
7.1 One way ANOVA 113
7.2 ANOVA procedure and nomenclature 114
7.3 ANOVA assumptions 121
7.4 Post ANOVA comparison of means 121
7.4.1 The Scheffe test 122
7.5 A research example of an ANOVA 126
7.6 Key concepts 127
7.7 Exercises 127
8 Non parametric comparison of samples 130
8.1 Ranking data 131
8.2 The Mann Whitney [/test for an un matched design 132
8.3 A research example of the Mann Whitney U test 737
8.4 The Kruskal Wallis instead of a one way, model I ANOVA 138
8.5 A research example of the Kruskal Wallis test 144
8.6 TheWilcoxonsigned rank test for a paired design 144
8.7 A research example of the use of the Wilcoxon signed rank test 147
8.8 Key concepts 148
8.9 Exercises 148
9 Simple linear regression 151
9.1 An overview of regression analysis 152
9.2 Plot and inspection of the data 156
9.3 Description of the relation between X and Y with an equation 156
9.4 Expression of the regression analysis as an analysis of variance of Y 158
9.5 Test of the null hypothesis HO: 0=0 161
9.6 Use of the regression equation to predict values of Y 161
9.7 Residual analysis 165
9.8 A research example of the use of regression 175
9.9 Key concepts 176
9.10 Exercises 176
10 Correlation analysis 179
10.1 The Pearson product moment correlation 179
10.2 A research example of the use of Pearson correlation 185
10.3 The Spearman correlation 185
10.4 A research example of the Spearman correlation coefficient 189
10.5 Key concepts 190
10.6 Exercises 190
Contents
11 The analysis of frequencies 192
11.1 The X2 test for goodness of fit 192
11.2 A research example of the X2 test for goodness of fit 195
11.3 The X2 test for independence of variables 196
11.4 A research example of the X2 test for independence of variables 200
11.5 Yates correction for continuity 200
11.6 Key concepts 202
11.7 Exercises 203
References 204
Appendix A Answers to selected exercises 207
Appendix B: A brief overview ofSAS/ASSIST 216
Appendix C: Statistical tables 219
Table 1. The unit normal table 219
Table 2. Critical values of the t distribution 222
Table 3. Upper 5 and 1% points of the maximum F ratio 223
Table 4. Critical values of the F distribution 224
Table 5. Critical values of U, the Mann Whitney statistic 228
Table 6. Critical values of the chi square distribution 232
Table 7. Critical values of T for the Wilcoxon signed rank test 234
Table 8. Critical values of the Pearson correlation coefficient r 235
Index 237
|
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| author | Madrigal, Lorena |
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| callnumber-first | G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation |
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| dewey-full | 30121 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 301 - Sociology and anthropology |
| dewey-raw | 301 21 |
| dewey-search | 301 21 |
| dewey-sort | 3301 221 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Biologie Soziologie Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Madrigal, Lorena Verfasser aut Statistics for anthropology Lorena Madrigal 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 1998 XIV, 238 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Anthropology -- Statistical methods Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd rswk-swf Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 gnd rswk-swf Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd rswk-swf Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 s Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 s DE-604 Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 s http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam029/98180613.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam025/98180613.html Table of contents HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008184277&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Madrigal, Lorena Statistics for anthropology Anthropology -- Statistical methods Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 gnd Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd |
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| title | Statistics for anthropology |
| title_auth | Statistics for anthropology |
| title_exact_search | Statistics for anthropology |
| title_full | Statistics for anthropology Lorena Madrigal |
| title_fullStr | Statistics for anthropology Lorena Madrigal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistics for anthropology Lorena Madrigal |
| title_short | Statistics for anthropology |
| title_sort | statistics for anthropology |
| topic | Anthropology -- Statistical methods Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd Anthropologie (DE-588)4002230-4 gnd Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Anthropology -- Statistical methods Ethnologie Anthropologie Statistik |
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