Satellite communications systems: systems, techniques and technology
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester [u.a.]
Wiley
1998
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Wiley series in communication and distributed systems
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 733 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0471971669 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126684494954496 |
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| adam_text | SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNOLOGY
THIRD EDITION G. MARAL ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DES TELECOMMUNICATIONS
TOULOUSE, FRANCE M. BOUSQUET ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DE VAERONAUTIQUE
ET DE I ESPACE TOULOUSE, FRANCE JOHN WILEY & SONS CHICHESTER * NEW YORK
* WEINHEIM * BRISBANE * SINGAPORE * TORONTO CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
XIII ACRONYMS XV NOTATION XIX 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 THE BIRTH OF
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1 1.2 DEVELOPMENT 1 1.3 THE ORGANISATION OF A
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM 2 1.3.1 THE SPACE SEGMENT 2 1.3.2 THE
GROUND SEGMENT 5 1.4 TYPES OF ORBIT 6 1.5 THE EVOLUTION OF SATELLITE
COMMUNICATIONS 9 1.6 THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICES 12 1.7 CONCLUSIONS AND
PROSPECTS 13 REFERENCES 14 2 LINK ANALYSIS 15 2.1 THE CHARACTERISTIC
PARAMETERS OF AN ANTENNA 15 2.1.1 GAIN , 15 2.1.2 THE RADIATION PATTERN
17 2.1.3 THE ANGULAR BEAMWIDTH 17 2.1.4 POLARISATION 19 2.2 THE POWER
EMITTED IN A GIVEN DIRECTION 21 2.2.1 EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER
(EIRP) 21 2.2.2 POWER FLUX DENSITY 22 2.3 RECEIVED SIGNAL POWER 22
2.3.1 POWER RECEIVED BY THE RECEIVING ANTENNA 22 2.3.2 EXAMPLE 1: THE
UPLINK 23 2.3.3 EXAMPLE 2: THE DOWNLINK 24 2.3.4 THE PRACTICAL CASE 25
2.3.5 CONCLUSION 27 2.4 NOISE POWER AT THE RECEIVER INPUT 28 2.4.1 THE
ORIGINS OF NOISE 28 2.4.2 CHARACTERISATION AND DEFINITION OF NOISE 28
2.4.3 NOISE TEMPERATURE OF AN ANTENNA 30 2.4.4 NOISE TEMPERATURE OF AN
ATTENUATOR 30 2.4.5 SYSTEM NOISE TEMPERATURE 31 VI CONTENTS 2.4.6
EXAMPLE 32 2.4.7 CONCLUSION 32 2.5 CARRIER-TO-NOISE RATIO AT THE
RECEIVER INPUT 32 2.5.1 DEFINITIONS 32 2.5.2 EXPRESSION 33 - 2.5.3
FIGURE OF MERIT FOR RECEIVING EQUIPMENT 33 2.5.4 THE ANTENNA NOISE
TEMPERATURE 34 2.5.5 EFFECTIVE INPUT NOISE TEMPERATURE OF THE RECEIVER
38 / 2.5.6 EXAMPLE 1: UPLINK (CLEAR SKY) 39 K 2.5.7 EXAMPLE 2: UPLINK
(WITH RAIN) 42 2.5.8 EXAMPLE 3: DOWNLINK (CLEAR SKY) 42 - * 2.5.9
EXAMPLE 4: DOWNLINK (WITH RAIN) 45 2.5.10 CONCLUSION 46 2.6 INFLUENCE OF
THE PROPAGATION MEDIUM 46 2.6.1 THE EFFECTS OF PRECIPITATION 47 2.6.2
OTHER EFFECTS 57 2.6.3 CONCLUSION 59 2.7 COMPENSATION FOR THE EFFECTS OF
THE PROPAGATION MEDIUM 59 2.7.1 CROSS-POLARISATION 59 2.7.2 ATTENUATION
59 2.7.3 SITE DIVERSITY 60 2.7.4 ADAPTIVITY 62 2.7.5 CONCLUSION: THE
AVAILABILITY-COST RELATION 62 2.8 CONSTRAINTS 63 2.8.1 REGULATORY
ASPECTS 63 2.8.2 OPERATIONAL CONSTRAINTS 67 2.9 SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO
FOR A STATION-TO-STATION LINK (SINGLE ACCESS) 68 2.9.1 REPEATER MODEL 68
2.9.2 EXPRESSION FOR {C/N 0 ) T 70 2.10 EXAMPLE 73 2.10.1 CALCULATION OF
THE REPEATER GAIN AT SATURATION (G SA ,) SL 74 2.10.2 CALCULATION OF
C/NO FOR THE UP- AND DOWNLINKS AND THE OVERALL LINK WHEN THE REPEATER
OPERATES AT SATURATION 74 2.10.3 CALCULATION OF THE INPUT BACK-OFF IBO
AND THE OUTPUT BACK-OFF OBO TO ACHIEVE (C/N 0 ) T = 80DBHZ AND THE
CORRESPONDING VALUES OF (C/N 0 ) U AND (C/N 0 ) D 74 2.10.4 VALUE OF
(C/NO) T WHEN PRODUCED UNDER THE EFFECT OF RAIN CAUSING AN ATTENUATION
OF 6 DB ON THE UPLINK 75 2.10.5 VALUE OF (C/NO) T WHEN PRODUCED UNDER
THE EFFECT OF RAIN CAUSING AN ATTENUATION OF 6 DB ON THE DOWNLINK WITH A
REDUCTION OF 2 DB IN THE FIGURE OF MERIT OF THE EARTH STATION DUE TO THE
INCREASE OF ANTENNA NOISE TEMPERATURE 75 REFERENCES 76 3 TRANSMISSION
TECHNIQUES 79 3.1 SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS 79 3.1.1 TELEPHONE CHANNEL
SIGNALS 79 3.1.2 TELEVISION SIGNALS 80 3.1.3 SOUND PROGRAMME 85 3.1.4
DATA 87 3.2 END-TO-END COMMUNICATION LINK 88 3.3 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
90 3.3.1 TELEPHONE 90 CONTENTS VII 3.3.2 TELEVISION 91 3.3.3 SOUND
PROGRAMME TRANSMISSION 92 3.3.4 DATA 92 3.4 AVAILABILITY OBJECTIVES 93
3.5 PROPAGATION TIME 93 3.5.1 PROPAGATION TIME ON THE SPACE LINK 93
3.5.2 PROPAGATION TIME ON THE NETWORK 93 3.5.3 THE CASE OF THE TELEPHONE
93 3.5.4 THE CASE OF DATA TRANSMISSION 95 3.6 ANALOGUE TRANSMISSION 95
3.6.1 BASEBAND PROCESSING 96 3.6.2 MULTIPLEXING 98 3.6.3 AMPLITUDE
MODULATION (AM) 100 3.6.4 DEMODULATION OF AN AMPLITUDE MODULATED WAVE
101 3.6.5 FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM) 101 3.6.6 DEMODULATION OF A
FREQUENCY MODULATED WAVE 102 3.6.7 TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION ON SCPC/FM 103
3.6.8 TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION ON FDM/FM 105 3.6.9 TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION
IN FDM/SSB-AM 107 3.6.10 TELEVISION TRANSMISSION IN SCPC/FM 107 3.6.11
ENERGY DISPERSION 109 3.7 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 110 3.7.1 DIGITISATION OF
ANALOGUE SIGNALS 111 3.7.2 TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (TDM) 112 3.7.3
DIGITAL SPEECH CONCENTRATION AND CHANNEL MULTIPLICATION 114 3.7.4
SYNCHRONISM BETWEEN NETWORKS 115 3.7.5 ENCRYPTION 115 3.7.6 CHANNEL
ENCODING 116 3.7.7 DIGITAL MODULATION 117 3.7.8 DEMODULATION 121 3.7.9
DECODING AND ERROR CORRECTION 127 3.7.10 ENERGY DISPERSION 133 3.7.11
CONCLUSION*COMPARISON BETWEEN ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 134
REFERENCES 138 MULTIPLE ACCESS 141 4.1 TRAFFIC LAWS 141 4.2 TRAFFIC
ROUTING 142 4.2.1 ONE CARRIER PER STATION-TO-STATION LINK 143 4.2.2 ONE
CARRIER PER TRANSMITTING STATION 144 4.2.3 COMPARISON 144 4.3 THE
PRINCIPLE OF MULTIPLE ACCESS 145 4.3.1 ACCESS TO A PARTICULAR CHANNEL
145 4.3.2 MULTIPLE ACCESS TO THE SATELLITE REPEATER 147 4.4 FREQUENCY
DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (FDMA) 147 4.4.1 TRANSMISSION SCHEMES 148 4.4.2
ADJACENT CHANNEL INTERFERENCE 150 4.4.3 INTERMODULATION 151 4.4.4
CARRIER POWER-TO-NOISE POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY RATIO FOR A
STATION-TO-STATION LINK 155 4.4.5 THROUGHPUT OF FDMA 157 VIII CONTENTS
4.4.6 INTELLIGIBLE CROSSTALK 157 4.4.7 CONCLUSION 157 4.5 TIME DIVISION
MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA) 158 4.5.1 BURST GENERATION 158 4.5.2 FRAME
STRUCTURE 160 4.5.3 BURST RECEPTION 162 4.5.4 SYNCHRONISATION 163 4.5.5
THROUGHPUT OF TDMA 169 4.5.6 CONCLUSION 171 4.6 CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE
ACCESS (CDMA) 172 4.6.1 DIRECT SEQUENCE (DS-CSMA) 173 4.6.2 FREQUENCY
HOPPING (FH-CDMA) 176 4.6.3 CODE GENERATION 178 4.6.4 SYNCHRONISATION
179 4.6.5 THE THROUGHPUT OF CDMA 181 4.6.6 CONCLUSION 183 4.7 FIXD AND
ON-DEMAND ASSIGNMENT 185 4.7.1 THE PRINCIPLE 185 4.7.2 COMPARISON
BETWEEN FIXED AND ON-DEMAND ASSIGNMENT 185 4.7.3 EXAMPLE OF AN ON-DEMAND
ASSIGNMENT SYSTEM IN FDMA: THE SPADE SYSTEM 186 4.7.4 EXAMPLE OF AN
ON-DEMAND SYSTEM IN TDMA: THE TELECOM 1 AND 2 SYSTEM 188 4.7.5
CENTRALISED OR DISTRIBUTED MANAGEMENT OF DEMAND ASSIGNMENT 188 4.7.6
CONCLUSION 188 4.8 RANDOM ACCESS 192 4.8.1 TOTALLY ASYNCHRONOUS
PROTOCOLS 192 4.8.2 PROTOCOLS WITH SYNTHRONISATION 196 4.8.3 PROTOCOLS
WITH ASSIGNMENT ON DEMAND (DAMA) 197 4.9 CONCLUSION 198 REFERENCES 199 5
MULTIBEAM SATELLITE NETWORKS 201 5.1 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
MULTIBEAM SATELLITES 201 5.1.1 ADVANTAGES 202 5.1.2 DISADVANTAGES 206
5.2 INTERCONNECTION BY TRANSPONDER HOPPING 208 5.3 INTERCONNECTION BY
ON-BOARD SWITCHING (SS/TDMA) 210 5.3.1 THE PRINCIPLE 210 5.3.2 FRAME
ORGANISATION 210 5.3.3 WINDOW ORGANISATION 212 5.3.4 ASSIGNMENT OF
PACKETS IN THE FRAME (BURST TIME PLAN) 213 5.3.5 SYNCHRONISATION 214
5.3.6 FRAME THROUGHPUT 216 5.4 INTERCONNECTION BY BEAM SCANNING 217 5.5
INTERSATELLITE LINKS (ISL) 218 5.5.1 LINKS BETWEEN GEOSTATIONARY AND LOW
EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES (GEO-LEO) 218 5.5.2 LINKS BETWEEN GEOSTATIONARY
SATELLITES (GEO-GEO) 219 5.5.3 LINKS BETWEEN LOW ORBIT SATELLITES
(LEO-LEO) 223 5.5.4 FREQUENCY BANDS 224 5.5.5 RADIO-FREQUENCY LINKS 225
5.5.6 OPTICAL LINKS 225 5.5.7 CONCLUSION 232 CONTENTS IX 5.6 CONCLUSION
232 REFERENCES 232 6 REGENERATIVE SATELLITE NETWORKS 235 6.1 TRANSPARENT
AND REGENERATIVE REPEATERS 235 6.2 COMPARISON OF LINK BUDGETS 236 6.2.1
LINEAR CHANNEL WITHOUT INTERFERENCE 236 6.2.2 NON-LINEAR REPEATER
CHANNEL WITHOUT INTERFERENCE 239 6.2.3 NON-LINEAR REPEATER CHANNEL WITH
INTERFERENCE 240 6.3 ON-BOARD PROCESSING 241 6.3.1 DOWNLINK CODING 241
6.3.2 BASEBAND SWITCHING 242 6.3.3 RATE CONVERSION 242 6.3.4 BEAM
SCANNING SATELLITES 244 6.4 IMPACT ON THE EARTH SEGMENT 244 6.4.1 THE
UPLINK 244 6.4.2 THE DOWNLINK 246 6.5 CONCLUSION 246 REFERENCES 246 7
ORBITS 247 7.1 KEPLERIAN ORBITS 247 7.1.1 KEPLER S LAWS 247 7.1.2
NEWTON S LAW 247 7.1.3 RELATIVE MOVEMENT OF TWO POINT BODIES 248 7.1.4
ORBITAL PARAMETERS 252 7.1.5 THE EARTH S ORBIT 257 7.1.6 EARTH-SATELLITE
GEOMETRY 265 7.1.7 ECLIPSES OF THE SUN 272 7.1.8 SUN-SATELLITE
CONJUNCTION 273 7.2 USEFUL ORBITS FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATION 273 7.2.1
ELLIPTICAL ORBITS WITH NON-ZERO INCLINATION 274 7.2.2 GEOSYNCHRONOUS
ELLIPTIC ORBITS WITH ZERO INCLINATION 287 7.2.3 CIRCULAR GEOSYNCHRONOUS
ORBITS WITH NON-ZERO INCLINATION 289 7.2.4 SUB-SYNCHRONOUS CIRCULAR
ORBITS WITH ZERO INCLINATION 292 7.2.5 GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE ORBITS
292 7.3 PERTURBATIONS OF THE ORBIT 303 7.3.1 THE NATURE OF THE
PERTURBATIONS 304 7.3.2 THE EFFECT OF PERTURBATIONS; ORBIT PERTURBATION
307 7.3.3 PERTURBATIONS OF THE ORBIT OF GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES 309
7.3.4 ORBIT CORRECTIONS: STATION KEEPING OF GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES 318
7.4 CONCLUSION 336 REFERENCES 336 8 EARTH STATIONS 339 8.1 STATION
ORGANISATION 339 8.2 RADIO-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS 340 8.2.1 EFFECTIVE
ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 341 8.2.2 FIGURE OF MERIT OF THE STATION 342
8.2.3 STANDARDS DEFINED BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS 343 CONTENTS 8.3
THE ANTENNA SUBSYSTEM 349 8.3.1 RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS (MAIN LOBE)
350 8.3.2 SIDE-LOBE RADIATION 350 8.3.3 ANTENNA NOISE TEMPERATURE 351
8.3.4 TYPES OF ANTENNA 358 8.3.5 POINTING ANGLES OF AN EARTH STATION
ANTENNA 363 8.3.6 MOUNTINGS TO PERMIT ANTENNA POINTING 366 8.3.7
TRACKING 373 8.4 THE RADIO-FREQUENCY SUBSYSTEM 384 8.4.1 RECEIVING
EQUIPMENT 384 8.4.2 TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT 387 8.4.3 REDUNDANCY 393 8.5
COMMUNICATION SUBSYSTEMS 394 8.5.1 FREQUENCY TRANSLATION 394 8.5.2
AMPLIFICATION, FILTERING AND EQUALISATION 398 8.5.3 MODULATION AND
DEMODULATION 399 8.5.4 ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS 401 8.5.5 TIME DIVISION
MULTIPLE ACCESS TERMINALS 402 8.6 THE NETWORK INTERFACE SUBSYSTEM 405
8.6.1 MULTIPLEXING AND DEMULTIPLEXING 405 8.6.2 DIGITAL SPEECH
INTERPOLATION (DSD 406 8.6.3 DIGITAL CIRCUIT MULTIPLICATION EQUIPMENT
(DCME) 408 8.6.4 ECHO SUPPRESSION AND CANCELLATION 411 8.6.5 EQUIPMENT
SPECIFIC TO SCPC TRANSMISSION 412 8.7 MONITORING AND CONTROL; AUXILIARY
EQUIPMENT 413 8.7.1 MONITORING, ALARMS AND CONTROL (MAC) 413 8.7.2
ELECTRICAL POWER 414 8.8 CONCLUSION 414 REFERENCES 415 THE COMMUNICATION
PAYLOAD 417 9.1 MISSION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PAYLOAD 417 9.1.1
FUNCTIONS OF THE PAYLOAD 417 9.1.2 CHARACTERISATION OF THE PAYLOAD 418
9.1.3 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RADIO-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS 419
9.2 TRANSPARENT REPEATERS 420 9.2.1 CHARACTERISATION OF NON-LINEARITIES
420 9.2.2 REPEATER ORGANISATION 431 9.2.3 EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS 438
9.3 MULTIBEAM SATELLITE REPEATER 449 9.3.1 FIXED INTERCONNECTION 450
9.3.2 RECONFIGURABLE (SEMI-FIXED) INTERCONNECTION 450 9.3.3 ON-BOARD
SWITCHING 451 9.4 REGENERATIVE REPEATER 458 9.4.1 EXAMPLES OF SATELLITES
WITH ON-BOARD REGENERATION 458 9.4.2 EQUIPMENT FOR REGENERATIVE
REPEATERS 461 9.5 SOLID STATE EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY 467 9.5.1 THE
SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT 467 9.5.2 ANALOGUE MICROWAVE COMPONENT TECHNOLOGY
467 9.5.3 DIGITAL COMPONENT TECHNOLOGY 468 CONTENTS XI 9.6 ANTENNA
COVERAGE 469 9.6.1 SERVICE ZONE CONTOUR 469 9.6.2 GEOMETRICAL CONTOUR
473 9.6.3 GLOBAL COVERAGE 473 9.6.4 REDUCED OR SPOT COVERAGE 476 9.6.5
EVALUATION OF ANTENNA POINTING ERROR 478 9.6.6 CONCLUSION 489 9.7
ANTENNA CHARACTERISTICS 490 9.7.1 ANTENNA FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS
490 9.7.2 THE RADIO-FREQUENCY COVERAGE 492 9.7.3 CIRCULAR BEAM 493 9.7.4
ELLIPTICAL BEAMS 496 9.7.5 THE INFLUENCE OF DEPOINTING 498 9.7.6 SHAPED
BEAMS 500 9.7.7 MULTIPLE BEAMS 503 9.7.8 TYPES OF ANTENNA 507 9.7.9
ANTENNA TECHNOLOGIES 510 9.8 CONCLUSION 519 REFERENCES 520 10 THE
PLATFORM 525 10.1 SUBSYSTEMS 525 10.2 ATTITUDE CONTROL 527 10.2.1
ATTITUDE CONTROL FUNCTIONS 528 10.2.2 ATTITUDE SENSORS 529 10.2.3
ATTITUDE DETERMINATION 531 10.2.4 ACTUATORS 535 10.2.5 THE PRINCIPLE OF
GYROSCOPIC STABILISATION 537 10.2.6 SPIN STABILISATION 539 10.2.7
THREE-AXIS STABILISATION 542 10.3 THE PROPULSION SUBSYSTEM 548 10.3.1
CHARACTERISTICS OF THRUSTERS 549 10.3.2 CHEMICAL PROPULSION 551 10.3.3
ELECTRIC PROPULSION 556 10.3.4 ORGANISATION OF THE PROPULSION SUBSYSTEM
561 10.3.5 EXAMPLE CALCULATION 565 10.4 THE ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY 566
10.4.1 PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCES 566 10.4.2 SECONDARY ENERGY SOURCES 573
10.4.3 CONDITIONING AND PROTECTION CIRCUITS 579 10.4.4 EXAMPLE
CALCULATIONS 584 10.5 TELEMETRY, TRACKING AND COMMAND (TTC) AND ON-BOARD
DATA HANDLING (OBDH) 586 10.5.1 FREQUENCIES USED 587 10.5.2 THE COMMAND
LINKS (TC LINKS) 588 10.5.3 TELEMETRY LINKS (TM LINKS) 589 10.5.4
COMMAND (TC) AND TELEMETRY (TM) MESSAGE FORMAT STANDARDS 590 10.5.5
ON-BOARD DATA HANDLING (OBDH) 597 10.5.6 TRACKING 601 10.6 THERMAL
CONTROL AND STRUCTURE 605 10.6.1 THERMAL CONTROL SPECIFICATIONS 606
10.6.2 PASSIVE CONTROL 608 10.6.3 10.6.4 10.6.5 ACTIVE CONTROL STRUCTURE
CONCLUSION 10.7 DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS REFERENCES XII CONTENTS 611 611
614 615 616 11 SATELLITE INSTALLATION AND LAUNCH VEHICLES 621 11.1
INSTALLATION IN ORBIT 621 11.1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES 621 11.1.2 CALCULATION
OF THE REQUIRED VELOCITY INCREMENTS 623 11.1.3 INCLINATION CORRECTION
AND CIRCULARISATION 624 11.1.4 THE APOGEE (OR PERIGEE) MOTOR 634 11.1.5
INJECTION INTO ORBIT WITH A CONVENTIONAL LAUNCHER 638 11.1.6 INJECTION
INTO ORBIT FROM A QUASI-CIRCULAR LOW ALTITUDE ORBIT 643 11.1.7
OPERATIONS DURING INSTALLATION (STATION ACQUISITION) 645 11.1.8
INJECTION INTO ORBITS OTHER THAN GEOSTATIONARY 649 11.1.9 THE LAUNCH
WINDOW 650 11.2 LAUNCH VEHICLES 651 11.2.1 CHINA 652 11.2.2 EUROPE
(ARIANE) 653 11.2.3 THE UNITED STATES 663 11.2.4 INDIA 670 11.2.5 ISRAEL
670 11.2.6 JAPAN 671 11.2.7 RUSSIA 674 11.2.8 COST OF INSTALLATION IN
ORBIT 678 REFERENCES 678 12 THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT 683 12.1 VACUUM 683
12.1.1 CHARACTERISATION 683 12.1.2 EFFECTS 684 12.2 THE MECHANICAL
ENVIRONMENT 684 12.2.1 THE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 684 12.2.2 THE EARTH S
MAGNETIC FIELD 686 12.2.3 SOLAR RADIATION PRESSURE 687 12.2.4 METEORITES
AND MATERIAL PARTICLES 687 12.2.5 TORQUES OF INTERNAL ORIGIN 688 12.2.6
THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION TRANSMISSIONS 689 12.2.7 CONCLUSIONS 689
12.3 RADIATION 689 12.3.1 SOLAR RADIATION 690 12.3.2 EARTH RADIATION 691
12.3.3 THERMAL EFFECTS 691 12.3.4 EFFECTS ON MATERIALS 693 12.4 FLUX OF
HIGH ENERGY PARTICLES 694 12.4.1 COSMIC PARTICLES 694 12.4.2 EFFECTS ON
MATERIALS 697 12.5 THE ENVIRONMENT DURING INSTALLATION 697 12.5.1 THE
ENVIRONMENT DURING LAUNCHING 697 CONTENTS XXXI 12.5.2 ENVIRONMENT IN THE
TRANSFER ORBIT REFERENCES 13 RELIABILITY OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEMS 13.1 INTRODUCTION OF RELIABILITY 13.1.1 FAILURE RATE 13.1.2 THE
PROBABILITY OF SURVIVAL OR RELIABILITY 13.1.3 FAILURE PROBABILITY OR
UNRELIABILITY 13.1.4 MEAN TIME TO FAILURE (MTTF) 13.1.5 MEAN SATELLITE
LIFETIME 13.1.6 RELIABILITY DURING THE WEAR-OUT PERIOD 13.2 SATELLITE
SYSTEM AVAILABILITY 13.2.1 NO BACK-UP SATELLITE IN ORBIT 13.2.2 BACK-UP
SATELLITE IN ORBIT 13.2.3 CONCLUSION 13.3 SUB-SYSTEM RELIABILITY 13.3.1
ELEMENTS IN SERIES 13.3.2 ELEMENTS IN PARALLEL (STATIC REDUNDANCY)
13.3.3 DYNAMIC REDUNDANCY (WITH SWITCHING) 13.3.4 EQUIPMENT HAVING
SEVERAL FAILURE MODES 13.4 COMPONENT RELIABILITY 13.4.1 COMPONENT
RELIABILITY 13.4.2 COMPONENT SELECTION 13.4.3 MANUFACTURE 13.4.4 QUALITY
ASSURANCE REFERENCE 700 701 701 701 702 703 703 704 704 705 706 706 707
707 708 708 710 714 715 715 715 717 717 720 INDEX 721 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
THE TEXT ON NICKEL-HYDROGEN BATTERIES IN SECTION 10.4.2.3 IS COPYRIGHT
THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS; IT IS REPRODUCED
WITH PERMISSION. REPRODUCTION OF FIGURES EXTRACTED FROM THE 1990 EDITION
OF CCIR VOLUMES (XVIITH PLENARY ASSEMBLY, DUSSELDORF, 1990) AND FROM THE
HANDBOOK ON SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS (ITU GENEVA, 1988) IS MADE WITH
THE AUTHORISATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU) AS
COPYRIGHT HOLDER. THE CHOICE OF THE EXCERPTS REPRODUCED REMAINS UNDER
THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHORS AND DOES NOT ENGAGE IN ANY WAY
THE ITU. THE COMPLETE CCIR VOLUMES CAN BE OBTAINED FROM: INTERNATIONAL
TELECOMMUNICATION UNION GENERAL SECRETARIAT-SALES SECTION PLACE DES
NATIONS, 1211 GENEVA 20 (SWITZERLAND) TEL: +4 1 22 730 51 11 TG:
BURINTERNA GENEVA TELEFAX: 2/M + 41 22 730 51 94 TLX: 421 000 UIT CH
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| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Maral, Gérard Bousquet, Michel |
| author_facet | Maral, Gérard Bousquet, Michel |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Maral, Gérard |
| author_variant | g m gm m b mb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV012081839 |
| classification_rvk | ZN 6520 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)832737487 (DE-599)BVBBV012081839 |
| dewey-full | 629.457 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 629 - Other branches of engineering |
| dewey-raw | 629.457 |
| dewey-search | 629.457 |
| dewey-sort | 3629.457 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik Verkehr / Transport |
| edition | 3. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV012081839 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:21:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0471971669 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008180250 |
| oclc_num | 832737487 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-83 |
| physical | XXI, 733 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
| publishDateSort | 1998 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Wiley series in communication and distributed systems |
| spelling | Maral, Gérard Verfasser aut Satellite communications systems systems, techniques and technology G. Maral, M. Bousquet 3. ed. Chichester [u.a.] Wiley 1998 XXI, 733 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Wiley series in communication and distributed systems Reseau - Satellite - Systeme - Telecommunication - Transmission Satellites artificiels dans les télécommunications ram Telekommunikation (DE-588)4059360-5 gnd rswk-swf Satellitenfunk (DE-588)4138349-7 gnd rswk-swf Kommunikationssatellit (DE-588)4164812-2 gnd rswk-swf Satellitenfunk (DE-588)4138349-7 s Telekommunikation (DE-588)4059360-5 s 1\p DE-604 Kommunikationssatellit (DE-588)4164812-2 s 2\p DE-604 Bousquet, Michel Verfasser aut GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008180250&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Maral, Gérard Bousquet, Michel Satellite communications systems systems, techniques and technology Reseau - Satellite - Systeme - Telecommunication - Transmission Satellites artificiels dans les télécommunications ram Telekommunikation (DE-588)4059360-5 gnd Satellitenfunk (DE-588)4138349-7 gnd Kommunikationssatellit (DE-588)4164812-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4059360-5 (DE-588)4138349-7 (DE-588)4164812-2 |
| title | Satellite communications systems systems, techniques and technology |
| title_auth | Satellite communications systems systems, techniques and technology |
| title_exact_search | Satellite communications systems systems, techniques and technology |
| title_full | Satellite communications systems systems, techniques and technology G. Maral, M. Bousquet |
| title_fullStr | Satellite communications systems systems, techniques and technology G. Maral, M. Bousquet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Satellite communications systems systems, techniques and technology G. Maral, M. Bousquet |
| title_short | Satellite communications systems |
| title_sort | satellite communications systems systems techniques and technology |
| title_sub | systems, techniques and technology |
| topic | Reseau - Satellite - Systeme - Telecommunication - Transmission Satellites artificiels dans les télécommunications ram Telekommunikation (DE-588)4059360-5 gnd Satellitenfunk (DE-588)4138349-7 gnd Kommunikationssatellit (DE-588)4164812-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Reseau - Satellite - Systeme - Telecommunication - Transmission Satellites artificiels dans les télécommunications Telekommunikation Satellitenfunk Kommunikationssatellit |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008180250&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maralgerard satellitecommunicationssystemssystemstechniquesandtechnology AT bousquetmichel satellitecommunicationssystemssystemstechniquesandtechnology |