Equal pay in Europe?: Closing the gender wage gap
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Basingstoke [u.a.]
Macmillan [u.a.]
1998
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 276 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0333716043 0312211295 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Equal pay in Europe? |b Closing the gender wage gap |c Jill Rubery. With Francesca Bettio ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126684114321408 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xiv
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xix
1 Payment systems and gender pay differentials: some
societal effects 1
Jill Rubery, Francesca Bettio, Colette Fagan,
Friederike Maier, Sigrid Quack and Paola Villa
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Differences and similarities in women s labour market
position in the three countries 3
1.3. Some methodological considerations 6
1.4. Payment structures and systems: contours of difference 9
1.5. Towards convergence or divergence: societal or
sectoral payment structures? 19
1.6. Interpreting the impact of pay structures on gender
inequality 22
1.7. Conclusions 25
Part 1 Equal pay in Germany
2 Case study of a German hospital 35
Friederike Maier
2.1. Employment structure in the German public health
sector 35
2.2. Wage agreements in public hospitals 39
2.3. Case study: Hospital M in Berlin 40
3 Gender specific pay differentials in banking: case study
of A Bank in Germany 52
Sigrid Quack
3.1. Introduction 52
3.2. Employment in the German banking sector 53
v
vi Contents
3.3. Collective bargaining in banking 54
3.4. The case study bank 60
3.5. Summary and Conclusions 73
4 The chemical industry in Germany: a case study of
the S Company 76
Friederike Maier
4.1. Introduction 76
4.2. The S Company 78
4.3. Payment system 87
4.4. Performance payments and wage supplements 88
4.5. Regulation of part time working 89
4.6. Other social policy 90
4.7. Internal further training 90
4.8. Affirmative action for women 90
4.9. Summary and conclusions 91
Part 2 Equal pay in Italy
5 Introduction 95
6 Health services 97
Francesca Bettio and Paola Villa
6.1. The industry 97
6.2. The case study hospital 101
6.3. Concluding remarks 117
7 Telecommunications 120
Francesca Bettio
7.1. The industry 120
7.2. The national telephone company 121
7.3. ITALTEL, the manufacturing counterpart of SIP 135
8 Banking 144
Paola Villa
8.1. Introduction 144
8.2. The industry 145
8.3. The institutional framework for wage determination 151
8.4. The gender wage gap 158
8.5. The internal labour market 162
Contents vii
9 Concluding remarks 174
Francesca Bettio and Paola Villa
Part 3 Equal pay in the United Kingdom
10 Payment systems and gender in the United Kingdom:
case study of a chemical company 1 g 1
Colette Fagan
10.1. Overview of employment in the case study and the
United Kingdom chemical industry 181
10.2. Grading and payment system 183
10.3. Future pay and grading issues 204
10.4. The internal labour market, entry points and vertical
segregation 206
10.5. Education and training policy 207
10.6. Subcontracting 209
10.7. Impact of the integrated grading and payment
structures on labour costs and productivity 210
Appendix 1 211
11 Women s pay in banking in the United Kingdom: case
study of XYZ Bank 213
Marilyn Carroll and Jill Rubery
11.1. Introduction 213
11.2. Background 214
11.3. Grading structure 214
11.4. Entry levels 215
11.5. Promotion 216
11.6. Training 217
11.7. Pay structure 217
11.8. Appraisal system 218
11.9. Bonus scheme 221
11.10. Non pay conditions 224
11.11. Bargaining arrangements 224
11.12. Differentials between men and women 225
11.13. Summary and conclusions 229
12 The health sector in the United Kingdom: a case study 231
Damian Grimshaw
12.1. Introduction 231
viii Contents
12.2. Employment composition 232
12.3. Pay determination in the NHS 237
12.4. Relative pay in the NHS 239
12.5. NHS reforms 244
12.6. Case study of an NHS Trust 246
12.7. Local pay initiatives 256
12.8. Conclusions 262
Appendix 266
Index 274
List of Tables
1.1 Trends in the gender pay gap in Germany, Italy and the
UK for selected categories of workers 4
1.2 Gender and low pay in Germany, Italy and the UK 5
1.3 Women s activity and employment patterns in Germany,
Italy and the UK in 1991 5
2.1 Current organizational and employment structure of the
public health sector 36
2.2 Health sector occupation, 1989 37
2.3 Employment structure in Hospital M, December 1991 41
2.4 Nurses distribution in wage groups, Hospital M, 1991 43
3.1 Wage grades in the collective agreement for private
banking, West Germany 1992 (extended, with
modifications, to East Germany) 56
3.2 Wage grades in the BAT amendment for savings banks,
West Germany 1993 (extended, with modifications, to
East Germany) 57
3.3 Major differences between the collective agreement for
private banks and the BAT amendment for savings
banks 59
3.4 Employees of A Bank according to wage groups and
gender, 1980 and 1989 61
3.5 Employees of A Bank according to age and gender, 1980,
1989 and 1992 62
3.6 Employees of A Bank according to wage groups, working
time and gender, 1989 63
3.7 Employees of A Bank in East and West German branches
according to wage groups, 1991 and 1992 65
3.8 Transition of wage groups from BAT agreement to private
banking agreement 66
3.9 Transition from age groups in BAT agreement to years of
occupation experience in private banking agreement 66
3.10 Applications for the trainee programme, 1990 3 69
3.11 Recruitment from the external labour market, 1989 and
1992 69
3.12 Proportion of women among applicants for positions,
1990 and 1992 70
ix
x List of Tables
3.13 Employees of A Bank according to training and
educational qualifications, 1992 (%) 71
3.14 Participation in further training according to gender, 1989
and 1992 72
4.1 Employment structures in the chemical industry, West
Germany 77
4.2 Employment structure in the S company 79
4.3 Employees distribution over pay groups, 1991 80
4.4 Manual and non manual employees over pay groups 81
4.5 Pay levels in the chemical industry, West Berlin
(in DM) 88
5.1 Ratio of female to male actual earnings (employees only)
by category of employment (%) 95
6.1 Structure of gross annual earnings, December 1990 (%) 100
6.2 Employment at Hospital A, by ward
and service unit, 1992 102
6.3 National public health sector and case study hospital:
structure of employment by occupational group, grade
and sex 104
6.4 National public health sector and case study hospital:
structure of employment by grade and sex only 107
6.5 National public health sector and case study hospital:
structure of gross annual pay by grade 108
6.6 Case study hospital: gross annual pay by grade, all
employees 110
6.7 Case study hospital: gross yearly pay by grade 111
6.8 Case study hospital: gross yearly pay by occupation 1992
(full time equivalent units: 000 lire) 112
6.9 Case study hospital, 1992: women s gross annual pay by
major component 114
6.10 Case study hospital, 1992: relative female pay by pay
component 116
7.1 SIP employees by major division, occupational category
and sex, December 1992 124
7.2 SIP: part timers by occupational group and grade, 1992 125
7.3 SIP: distribution of employees by skill grade and
occupational group, 1992 126
7.4 SIP: average years of seniority by skill grade, 1992 129
7.5 SIP: foremen and intermediate management by level of
education, 1992 129
7.6 SIP: employees by level of education, 1992 130
List of Tables xi
7.7 SIP: basic internal training (annual hours and participants),
1992 131
7.8 SIP: turnover by major company division, 1992 132
7.9 SIP: contractual minimum monthly pay by grade, 1991
and 1994 133
7.10 Women s relative pay at SIP, December 1991 134
7.11 SIP: average annual pay and its components, December
1991 134
8.1 Employees by economic activity: banks, services and all
activities 1975 91 in 000s 146
8.2 Trends in the share of women employed in banking in a
sample of banks, selected years 147
8.3 The share of women employed in a sample of banks by
legal category, 1976, 1984 and 1991 (%) 148
8.4 Annual labour cost per employee in banking: Italy,
Germany and the UK, 1983 90 149
8.5 Gross earnings per unit of employment, selected industries,
1970 90 (index numbers) 150
8.6 Categories and grades in CR Bank 152
8.7 CR Bank: merit bonus scheme 155
8.8 CR Bank: seniority bonus 157
8.9 Annual average earnings in a sample of Italian banks by
gender and category of banks 1990 1 159
8.10 Average seniority by skill grade and gender, CR Bank,
October 1989 160
8.11 Employment structure by gender in a sample of Italian
banks, 1991 163
8.12 The structure of employment by gender in CR Bank and
BP Bank, 1991 164
8.13 Employment structure by category of employment, rank
and skill grade, BP Bank, 1984 and 1991 165
8.14 Employment structure by category of employment and
skill grade, CR Bank, December 1991 166
8.15 Employment in BP Bank by education level, 1983 and
1991 166
8.16 Total employment, entries and leavers in a sample of
Italian banks, 1991 168
8.17 Hirings by gender in BP Bank and CR Bank 169
8.18 Formal training in a sample of Italian banks, 1991 169
8.19 Average age, average bank seniority and average grade
seniority by sex, BP Bank, 1991 171
xii List of Tables
8.20 Upgrading by gender in a sample of Italian banks,
1991 172
8.21 Upgrading at BP Bank by gender, hierarchical layer and
motivation for upgrading (%) 173
10.1 Comparison of the employment profile in the chemical
industry and the case study 182
10.2 Concentration and segregation in the integrated grading
structure, 1993 190
10.3 Examples of job titles and entry requirements in the
integrated grading structure 192
10.4 Pre existing and revised salary ranges for the new grading
system (in £ Sterling) and distribution of losers 196
10.5 Distribution of employees who worked at least one hour
of overtime, April November 1993 203
11.1 XYZ Bank unappointed staff salary ranges, 1993 218
11.2 Salary ranges for managerial and appointed staff 219
11.3 Distribution of men and women in each grade 226
11.4 Length of service of men and women 228
11.5 Appraisal ratings for men and women 229
12.1 Employment composition of NHS staff directly employed
in HCHS by main staff group and sex in whole time
equivalents, 1982 92 233
12.2 Percentage change in directly employed staff by main
staff groups, 1982 92 236
12.3 Relative pay of women working full time in the NHS:
1971 94, selected years 241
12.4 Percentage change in occupational pay relative to all
employees earnings 244
12.5 Employment structure in the case study trust by full time
and part time and by sex, at 31 May 1995 249
12.6 Employment composition of three occupational groups
by full time and part time and by sex 250
12.7 Average gross annual earnings for three occupational
groups 253
12.8 Gender pay gap in three occupational groups for whole
time equivalent employment 254
12.9 Composition of average gross annual earnings for three
occupational groups 255
12.10 Local pay structures for health care assistants compared
with the national agreement for nursing auxiliaries 260
List of Tables xiii
A.I Average monthly gross earnings, full time manual workers
in West Germany 266
A.2 Average monthly gross earnings, full time non manual
workers in West Germany 269
A3 Total employment by sector in Italy, 1980 90 273
A.4 Gross annual earnings per standard labour unit in Italy
1980 90 273
List of Figures and Charts
Chart 7.1 Organization chart: SIP, 1993 122
Fig. 7.1 ITALTEL: total employment 137
7.2 ITALTEL: manual workers 138
7.3 ITALTEL: non manual workers 139
7.4 ITALTEL: distribution of employees by age and
seniority, 1989 140
7.5 ITALTEL: employees by main occupational group,
1989 142
8.1 Employment by gender in CR Bank 161
10.1 Relative rates of pay, 1991 187
10.2 Current salaries in new grades 195
10.3 Proposed 1993 salary levels 198
11.1 Performance maxima for each grade and percentage
matrix rises according to percentile and performance
category 220
xiv
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| spelling | Equal pay in Europe? Closing the gender wage gap Jill Rubery. With Francesca Bettio ... 1. publ. Basingstoke [u.a.] Macmillan [u.a.] 1998 XIX, 276 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Gelijke beloning gtt Frau Wages -- Women -- Europe Pay equity -- Europe Wages -- Women -- Europe -- Case studies Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd rswk-swf Lohngleichheit (DE-588)4036237-1 gnd rswk-swf Europa Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)4522595-3 Fallstudiensammlung gnd-content Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 s Lohngleichheit (DE-588)4036237-1 s DE-604 Rubery, Jill Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008179977&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Equal pay in Europe? Closing the gender wage gap Gelijke beloning gtt Frau Wages -- Women -- Europe Pay equity -- Europe Wages -- Women -- Europe -- Case studies Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd Lohngleichheit (DE-588)4036237-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4018202-2 (DE-588)4036237-1 (DE-588)4015701-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 (DE-588)4522595-3 |
| title | Equal pay in Europe? Closing the gender wage gap |
| title_auth | Equal pay in Europe? Closing the gender wage gap |
| title_exact_search | Equal pay in Europe? Closing the gender wage gap |
| title_full | Equal pay in Europe? Closing the gender wage gap Jill Rubery. With Francesca Bettio ... |
| title_fullStr | Equal pay in Europe? Closing the gender wage gap Jill Rubery. With Francesca Bettio ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Equal pay in Europe? Closing the gender wage gap Jill Rubery. With Francesca Bettio ... |
| title_short | Equal pay in Europe? |
| title_sort | equal pay in europe closing the gender wage gap |
| title_sub | Closing the gender wage gap |
| topic | Gelijke beloning gtt Frau Wages -- Women -- Europe Pay equity -- Europe Wages -- Women -- Europe -- Case studies Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd Lohngleichheit (DE-588)4036237-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gelijke beloning Frau Wages -- Women -- Europe Pay equity -- Europe Wages -- Women -- Europe -- Case studies Lohngleichheit Europa Aufsatzsammlung Fallstudiensammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008179977&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ruberyjill equalpayineuropeclosingthegenderwagegap |