Affluence and poverty in the Middle East:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge
1998
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXI, 298 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0415100321 041510033X |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of figures and tables xi
Preface xiv
Acknowledgements xvii
List of acronyms and abbreviations xix
Map of the Middle East xxii
Introduction 1
Plan of the book 2
The approach 3
PART I
The Roots 9
1 Basic concepts and realities 11
Some key concepts 11
The realities: a regional summary of evidence 20
Summary 27
Suggested readings 27
2 Historical origins 29
Types and objectives of colonial rule 29
The origins of affluent lifestyles 31
Wealth concentration 32
Political colonialism and educational discrimination 36
Summary 42
Suggested readings 43
vii
CONTENTS
3 Religious foundations of justice and inheritance 44
The importance of religion 44
Ideal moral standards: the immorality of deprivation 45
Inheritance foundations 47
Conflicts and confrontation: an explanation 49
Summary 52
Suggested readings 52
4 Economic foundations: the natural resource base 54
Abundance and scarcity 54
Oil windfalls: from poverty to sudden affluence 56
Economic capacity to develop land and water resources 65
Irrigation is expensive: who benefits? 69
Summary 72
Suggested readings 73
5 Unbalanced development 74
Inequality and poverty in a dual economy: the case of Sudan 75
Oil based unbalanced development: Algeria, Iran and Libya 81
Summary 87
Suggested readings 88
v 6 Social imbalance in public expenditure: health, education and
A defence 89
The resource allocation base 89
Distorted priorities 92
Outcomes and estimates of imbalance 98
Militarism and social imbalance: the case of Iraq 104
Summary 110
Suggested readings 111
7 Corruption: the embezzlement of public funds 112
Conflicting views and analytical problems 112
Channels for embezzlement: evidence 115
Summary 121
Suggested readings 122
CONTENTS
8 Inequality in private consumption 124
Regional features of consumption 124
Changing consumption patterns 127
Family consumption inequality: case studies 132
Summary 144
Suggested readings 145
Appendix 8.1: Measurement of personal consumption inequality 146
PART II
Policy choice: some countries experiences 149
K 9 Redistribution of wealth and income:
an assessment 151
Policy choice: who benefits? 151
Nationalization 152
Land redistribution 154
Income support 163
Informal provision of social security 167
Summary 170
Suggested readings 171
10 Economic policy reforms: distributional impact 172
Controversy 173
Countries adjustment experiences 177
*K Inter country comparisons 198
Summary 204
Suggested readings 205
Appendix 10.1: Selected economic and social indicators
in eight adjusting countries, 1975 93 207
11 Prospects and challenges 214
From economic reforms to what? 215
The challenge of democracy for equitable development 220
Peace dividend: real expectation or elusive hope? 223
Channelling the peace dividend 229
CONTENTS
Motes 231
Bibliography 261
Name index 283
Subject index 286
FIGURES AND TABLES
Figures
5.1 The Democratic Republic of the Sudan:
regions and provinces 79
6.1 Public consumption as a percentage of national
income in three countries with an annual average
national income per person over US $5,000 93
6.2 Public consumption as a percentage of national
income in five countries with an annual
average income per person of US $1,000 5,000 93
A8.1 Shifts in Lorenz curves and corresponding values of
the Gini index of inequality in the distribution of
families consumption 147
Tables
11 A summary of selected socioeconomic indicators of
the Middle East, 1991 2 22
1 2 Inequality of consumption distribution, undernutrition
and food security in eleven countries, 1987 93 24
2.1 Primary education, dropout and illiteracy rates
in nine countries, 1940 5 37
4.1 National income, gold and other international
reserves per person, in US dollars, 1960 91 58
4.2 Income inequality between countries,
1970, 1980 and 1991 60
4.3 Cultivable land, its ratio per person and potential
expansion in eighteen Middle Eastern countries, 1965 91 66
5.1 Economic growth in Egypt, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and
Turkey compared to Algeria, Iran and Libya, 1965 90 82
VI
FIGURES AND TABLES
6.1 Public consumption and domestic investment as a
percentage of national income (GDP) in seventeen
countries, 1960 91 94
6.2 Shares of health, education and military spending in
national income and total government expenditure
in eighteen countries, 1960 91 96
6.3 Some education indicators and real income per person
in eighteen Middle Eastern countries, 1990/1 99
6.4 Selected indicators of quality of life in nineteen countries
by their income levels, 1960 92 101
8.1 Index number of private cars, their density and ratio to
public buses in nine countries, 1970—93 126
8.2 Advertising expenditure in ten Middle Eastern countries
compared to five selected industrial and middle income
countries, 1979 90 130
8.3 Incidence of poverty in Tunisia, 1975 90 136
8.4 Obesity and diabetes by age and income class in the
western region of Saudi Arabia, 1987 144
9.1 Ratios of redistributed privately owned land and
beneficiaries in eight countries, 1952 89 155
9.2 List of international conventions relevant to
socioeconomic security ratified by the Middle Eastern
countries as of 31 December 1995 168
10.1 Economic and social indicators related to economic
reforms in Egypt, 1973 93 184
10.2 Period of adjustment programme and World Bank
financial commitment in eight countries as of August
1996 199
10.3 Summary of economic performance in eight adjusting
countries to 1993 199
A10.1 Economic indicators, 1975 93 207
A 10.2 Public expenditure on health (percentage of total
expenditure), 1975 93 209
A10.3 Hospital beds (per 1,000 population), 1975 90 209
A 10.4 Mortality of children under 5 and rate of change,
1975 95 210
A10.5 Public expenditure on education (percentage of
total expenditure), 1975 92 21°
A 10.6 Net primary school enrolment: ratio and percentage
change, 1980 92 211
A10.7 Adult illiteracy (15 years and over, as percentage
of age group), 1975 95 211
FIGURES AND TABLES
A10.8 Cost of living index (CPI) (1980 = 100), 1975 93 212
A 10.9 Nutrition (calories per person/day) and percentage
change, 1977 89 212
A10.10 Unemployment (percentage of total workforce), 1977 93 212
A10.ll Inequality (income/consumption distribution), 1977 91 213
A10.12 Poverty estimates (percentage of total population,
1977 93 213
11.1 Estimates of the number of unemployed adults in eight
Middle Eastern countries, 1990 3 216
11.2 Estimates of the numbers of the poor, adult illiterates
and the undernourished in the Middle East, 1980 92
and 2000 217
11.3 Estimates of war and conflict related deaths in the
Middle East, 1970 95 224
|
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| spelling | El-Ghonemy, Mohamad Riad 1924- Verfasser (DE-588)12146007X aut Affluence and poverty in the Middle East M. Riad El-Ghonemy 1. publ. London [u.a.] Routledge 1998 XXI, 298 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Armoede gtt Economische ongelijkheid gtt Overheidsbeleid gtt Politik Wirtschaft Income distribution Middle East Land reform Middle East Poverty Middle East Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd rswk-swf Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Reichtum (DE-588)4049185-7 gnd rswk-swf Einkommensdisparität (DE-588)4194476-8 gnd rswk-swf Naher Osten Middle East Economic conditions Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 gnd rswk-swf Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 g Einkommensdisparität (DE-588)4194476-8 s Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s DE-604 Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 s Reichtum (DE-588)4049185-7 s Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008170756&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | El-Ghonemy, Mohamad Riad 1924- Affluence and poverty in the Middle East Armoede gtt Economische ongelijkheid gtt Overheidsbeleid gtt Politik Wirtschaft Income distribution Middle East Land reform Middle East Poverty Middle East Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Reichtum (DE-588)4049185-7 gnd Einkommensdisparität (DE-588)4194476-8 gnd |
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| title | Affluence and poverty in the Middle East |
| title_auth | Affluence and poverty in the Middle East |
| title_exact_search | Affluence and poverty in the Middle East |
| title_full | Affluence and poverty in the Middle East M. Riad El-Ghonemy |
| title_fullStr | Affluence and poverty in the Middle East M. Riad El-Ghonemy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Affluence and poverty in the Middle East M. Riad El-Ghonemy |
| title_short | Affluence and poverty in the Middle East |
| title_sort | affluence and poverty in the middle east |
| topic | Armoede gtt Economische ongelijkheid gtt Overheidsbeleid gtt Politik Wirtschaft Income distribution Middle East Land reform Middle East Poverty Middle East Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Reichtum (DE-588)4049185-7 gnd Einkommensdisparität (DE-588)4194476-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Armoede Economische ongelijkheid Overheidsbeleid Politik Wirtschaft Income distribution Middle East Land reform Middle East Poverty Middle East Einkommensverteilung Armut Wirtschaftspolitik Reichtum Einkommensdisparität Naher Osten Middle East Economic conditions |
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