Structural adjustment and poverty: the case of Kenya
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Göteborg
Nationalekonomiska Inst., Handelshögskolan vid Göteborgs Univ.
1998
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Ekonomiska studier
84 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VI, 169 S. |
| ISBN: | 9188514439 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Structural adjustment and poverty |b the case of Kenya |c Jörgen Levin |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION AND OUTLINE OF THE STUDY 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Purpose of the study 2
1.3 Chapter overview 3
2. INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND POVERTY DURING ADJUSTMENT: A REVIEW 5
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 The adjustment poverty link 6
2.2.1 Identification of the poor 7
2.2.2 Targeting and alleviation strategies 8
2.2.3 The macro micro link during adjustment 11
2.3 Macroeconomic adjustment and distributional aspects 13
2.3.1 Fiscal policies 14
2.3.2 Monetary and exchange rate policy 15
2.3.3 Adjustment versus half hearted measures 16
2.3.4 Adjustment without external support 18
2.3.5 Preconditions for success: Indonesia and Ghana 19
2.3.6 An emerging picture 22
2.4 Sectoral impacts 24
2.4.1 Issues in agriculture 24
2.4.2 The food/incomes trade off. 26
2.4.3 The rural/rural dimension 27
2.4.4 Household adaptation 31
2.4.5 Social sectors 32
2.5 Policy discussion 35
3. ADJUSTMENT DURING EXTERNAL SHOCKS: KENYA 1986 95 Z.Z.... . . . . .... . . . ....37
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Analytical framework 38
3.3 Macroeconomic adjustment and trade liberalisation in Kenya 1986 1995 42
3.3.1 1986 89 Boom, aid and terms of trade shocks 43
3.3.2 Policy regression and aid retrenchment: 1990 1992 46
3.3.3 Returning to the fold: 1993 95 48
3.4 Summary and conclusions 50
Appendix 3.1 52
4. AID CONSTRAINED TRADE REFORM IN KENYA 56
4.1 Introduction 56
4.2 Output, trade and tariff structure 57
4.3 Model presentation 61
4.4 Policy and external shock experiments 63
4.4.1 Tariff reduction with or without aid 64
4.4.2 Tariff reform, aid inflows and terms of trade shocks 68
4.4.3 Tariff reform, external and fiscal constraints 68
4.5 Conclusions 70
Appendix 4.1 72
5. MODEL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION AND POVERTY IN KENYA ........... ....1... 79
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 A Kenyan CGE 80
5.3 A Kenyan social accounting matrix 86
Appendix 5.1: Model specification 98
Appendix 5.2: Elasticities 107
Appendix 5.3: Social Accounting Matrix 108
Appendix 5.4: Factor income matrices and marginal budget shares 110
6. ADJUSTMENT POLICIES AND POVERTY ZZ.ZZZZ.U3
iv
6.1 Introduction 113
6.2 Policy experiments 114
6.2.1 Tariff reform and poverty 115
6.2.2 Tariff reduction, aid and adverse terms of trade shock 118
6.2.3 Tariff reduction, aid, terms of trade shocks and government expenditures 123
6.2.4 Slippery in the reform process 127
6.3 Conclusions 131
Appendix 6.1: Simulation results 133
7. POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE AID EMBARGO [ . ] , 138
7.1 Introduction 138
7.2 A review of the Kenyan adjustment process 139
7.3 Policy and external shock experiments 144
7.3.1 The effects of a reduction in foreign aid 145
7.3.2 Impact of changes in taxation 149
7.3.3 Aid reduction and adjustment of government expenditure 150
7.3.4 Aid reduction and fiscal expansion 153
7.4 Conclusions 154
Appendix 7.1: Simulation results 155
REFERENCES [ 159
FIGURE 3.1 39
Figure 3.2 40
Figure 3.3 41
Figure 3.4: Changes in relative prices 1986 95 46
table 2.1: methods for measuring distributional effects during adjustment 13
Table 2.2: Percentage of population in poverty, various African countries 23
Table 2.3: Percentages of population in hard core poverty, various African countries 23
Table 3.1: Price indices for Kenya, 1986 1995 (1986=100) 43
table3.2: sectoral and overall growth rates, 1986 1995 (%) 44
Table 3.3: Exchange rates, inflation and other monetary indicators 44
Table A3.1: Use of resources and balance of payments, 1985 1995 (%ofGDP) 52
Table A3.2: decomposition of changes 53
Table A3.3: Sectoral shares of GDP, 1986 1995 (%) 54
Table A3.4: Annual growth rates of capital formation, 1986 1995 (%) 54
Table A3.5: Distribution of goods by tariff band, 1987 96 (%) 54
Table A3.6: Average tariff rates, 1987 96 (%) 55
Table 4.1: Kenya: Production and trade (%) 58
Table 4.2: Distribution of Goods by Tariff Band, 1987 96 (%) 59
Table 4.3: Average Tariff Rates, 1987 95 (%) 59
Table 4.4: Effective Rates of Protection, 1990 92 (%) 60
Table 4.5: Composition of government current revenue (%) 61
Table 4.6: Macroeconomic Indicators 65
Table 4.7: Resource Use and Balance of Payments 65
Table 4.8: Sector Output 66
Table 4.9: Changes in Sector Exports 70
Table A4.1: trade parameters 72
Table 5.1: aggregation scheme 86
Table 5.2: Sectoral characteristics (%) 88
Table 5.3: Input output structure 89
Table 5.4: Composition of sectoral deliveries and aggregate expenditures (%) 90
table 5.5: investment by sector and demand for capital goods, private sector 90
Table 5.6: Factors of production 91
Table 5.7: Sectoral average wages by labour category 91
Table 5.8: Total number of urban households and individuals 93
v
Table 5.9: households and individuals distinguished according to size of holding 93
Table 5.10: Total annual income 95
Table 5.11: Consumption expenditures 96
Table 5.12: Average budget shares 96
Table 5.13: Decomposition of poverty by households 97
Table A5.1: Trade parameters 107
Table A5.2: Factor market parameters 107
Table A5.3: Social Accounting Matrix 108
Table A5.4: Distribution of factor income, land 110
Table A5.5: Distribution of factor income, capital 110
Table A5.6: Wage income matrix Ill
Table A5.7: Marginal budget shares 112
Table 6.1: Sectoral outcome 116
Table 6.2: sectoral Labour demand and wage by category 117
table6.3: household income, utility and poverty 118
Table 6.4: Changes in exports 119
Table 6.5: Changes in output 119
Table 6.6: Labour demand 120
Table 6.7: household real disposable income 121
table6.8: incomeshares 121
Table 6.9: Degree of poverty 122
Table 6.10: Changes in output 124
Table 6.11: Export 125
Table 6.12: Labour demand 125
table6.13: real disposable household income 126
Table 6.14: income shares 126
Table 6.15: Degree of poverty 127
Table 6.16: Output 128
Table 6.17: Export 129
Table 6.18: Labour demand 129
table 6.19: real disposable household income 130
table6.20: incomeshares 131
Table 6.21: Degree of poverty 131
Table 6A. 1: Macroeconomic indicators 133
TABLE6A.2: LABOURDEMAND 134
Table 6A.2 (continued): Labour demand 135
Table 6A. 3: Wage rate of labour categories 136
Table 6A.4: Total domestic sales 136
table6a.5: rental rate on capital and land 137
Table 7.1: Sectoral outcome 146
Table 7.2: Labour demand by category and sector 146
Table 7.3: Household income, utility and poverty 148
Table7.4: Household real disposable income 149
Table 7.5: Degree of poverty 150
Table 7.6: Changes in output 151
Table 7.7: Household real disposable income 152
Table 7.8: Degree of poverty 152
Table 7A.1: Use of resources and balance of payments 155
Table7A.2: Macroeconomic indicators 156
Table 7A. 3: Labour demand by sector and category 157
TABLE7A.4: HOUSEHOLD FACTOR INCOMES, CAPITAL AND LAND 158
Table 7A.5: Factor prices 158
vi
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| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Kenia (DE-588)4030236-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kenia |
| id | DE-604.BV012033431 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:20:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9188514439 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008142646 |
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| physical | VI, 169 S. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
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| publisher | Nationalekonomiska Inst., Handelshögskolan vid Göteborgs Univ. |
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| series | Ekonomiska studier |
| series2 | Ekonomiska studier |
| spelling | Levin, Jörgen Verfasser aut Structural adjustment and poverty the case of Kenya Jörgen Levin Göteborg Nationalekonomiska Inst., Handelshögskolan vid Göteborgs Univ. 1998 VI, 169 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ekonomiska studier 84 Zugl.: Göteborg, Univ., Diss., 1998 Strukturanpassung (DE-588)4294243-3 gnd rswk-swf Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd rswk-swf Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd rswk-swf Kenia (DE-588)4030236-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Kenia (DE-588)4030236-2 g Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 s Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 s DE-604 Strukturanpassung (DE-588)4294243-3 s Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 s Ekonomiska studier 84 (DE-604)BV000011510 84 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008142646&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Levin, Jörgen Structural adjustment and poverty the case of Kenya Ekonomiska studier Strukturanpassung (DE-588)4294243-3 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4294243-3 (DE-588)4013898-7 (DE-588)4066512-4 (DE-588)4002963-3 (DE-588)4030236-2 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Structural adjustment and poverty the case of Kenya |
| title_auth | Structural adjustment and poverty the case of Kenya |
| title_exact_search | Structural adjustment and poverty the case of Kenya |
| title_full | Structural adjustment and poverty the case of Kenya Jörgen Levin |
| title_fullStr | Structural adjustment and poverty the case of Kenya Jörgen Levin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural adjustment and poverty the case of Kenya Jörgen Levin |
| title_short | Structural adjustment and poverty |
| title_sort | structural adjustment and poverty the case of kenya |
| title_sub | the case of Kenya |
| topic | Strukturanpassung (DE-588)4294243-3 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Strukturanpassung Einkommensverteilung Wirtschaftsreform Armut Kenia Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008142646&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000011510 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT levinjorgen structuraladjustmentandpovertythecaseofkenya |