Caspian oil and gas: the supply potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Paris
OECD
1998
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 297 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9264160957 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Caspian oil and gas |b the supply potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia |c International Energy Agency |
| 264 | 1 | |a Paris |b OECD |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a 297 S. |b graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Natural gas |z Azerbaijan | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Natural gas |z Kazakhstan | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Natural gas |z Turkmenistan | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Natural gas |z Uzbekistan | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Petroleum industry and trade |z Azerbaijan | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Petroleum industry and trade |z Kazakhstan | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Petroleum industry and trade |z Turkmenistan | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Petroleum industry and trade |z Uzbekistan | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS r
LIST OF TABLES 18
MAPS 21
INTRODUCTION 29
OVERVIEW 31
THE REGION 31
RESERVE BASE 32
PRODUCTION AND EXPORT POTENTIAL 32
IMPORTANCE AS ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF SUPPLY 3 i
OIL AND GAS IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION 3 4
INVESTMENT 35
The Energy Charter Treaty 36
OIL AND GAS EXPORT ROUTES 36
Inherited infrastructure 36
The need for new pipelines 3~
Multiple pipelines 3~
Export markets 3~
Transit and the Energy Charter Treaty 38
Selected oil and gas export proposals 38
Proposals for oil exports 38
A1OC oil pipelines from Azerbaijan 38
CPC oil pipeline from Kazakstan to the Black Sea via Russia 38
CAOP oil pipeline from Turkmenistan to Pakistan via Afgahanistan 39
CNPC pipeline from Kazakstan to China 39
Trans Caspian oil pipeline from Kazakstan or Turkmenistan 39
Non pipeline alternatives 39
Proposals for gas exports 4()
Gas pipeline from Turkemistan to Turkey via Iran i()
8 Gas pipeline from Turkmenistan to Iran 40
Trans Caspian gas pipeline from Turkmenistan 40
Gas pipeline from Turkemistan to Pakistan via Afghanistan 40
Gas pipeline from Turkmenistan to China 40
The Turkish Straits 41
Iran 41
ENVIRONMENT 42
LEGAL STATUS OF THE CASPIAN SEA 43
PROJECTIONS OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION,
DOMESTIC DEMAND AND EXPORTS 45
SUMMARY 45
SUPPLY SCENARIOS 46
Azerbaijan 46
Kazakstan 48
Turkmenistan 49
Uzbekistan 50
DOMESTIC DEMAND AND EXPORTS 50
Summary 50
Azerbaijan 54
Kazakstan 54
Turkmenistan 55
Uzbekistan 56
NOTES ON METHODOLOGY 56
Energy demand estimates 56
Energy 56
Non energy industry and non industry 57
Activities in the household sector 58
Energy export estimates 58
Specific assumptions and data biases 58
Losses 58
Heat and electricity demand 59
Value added per unit of energy output 59
Net indirect taxes 60
Energy use per unit of value added in non energy industry 60
Households 60
STATISTICAL ANNEX 63
MARKETS FOR CASPIAN REGION OIL 85
SUMMARY 85
WORLD OIL MARKET OUTLOOK 86
9
Introduction 86
Growing dependence on Persian Gulf oil 86
Asia Pacific demand 86
New alternative suppliers 87
World oil demand 87
Demand outlook 87
World oil supply 88
Gulf OPEC 88
Russia 89
Atlantic basin 89
Supply outlook 89
FUTUREWORLD OIL TRADE 89
Overview 89
Mediterranean markets 91
Black Sea markets 93
The Chinese market 9 i
MARKETS FOR CASPIAN REGION GAS 97
SUMMARY 9
MARKETS FOR CENTRAL ASIAN AND TRANSCAUCASIAN (IAS 9
Former Soviet Union 98
Ukraine 99
Russia 100
Turkey 101
Iran KB
Central and eastern Europe 10 j
Western Europe 106
Pakistan and India 108
Pakistan 108
India 109
China and Japan 109
Summary 111
COMPETITORS 111
Established competitors in western Europe 111
Morway. Setherlands and United Kingdom 111
Russia 112
Algeria 114
New competitors in Europe and elsewhere 11
Iran 11 1
Middle Eastern and African competitors 11 i
Asian competitors 11
PROSPECTS FOR LNG AND LPG EXPORTS 11 ~
10 __ INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK 121
OPPORTLMTES FOR PRIVATE RISK INVESTMENT IN THE Oil. AND (.AS SECTOR 121
Activities open to all qualified companies 122
Licensed activities 122
Joint ventures 122
Purchase of privatised assets 123
LEGAL CONTEXT FOR INVESTORS 123
Standard assurances for foreign investment 123
Additional guarantees 12 i
Petroleum exploration and production regimes 12^
Independent arbitration 125
Land 126
Incorporation 126
Taxes 12
Accounting 12
Pipeline regulation 12
Price controls 12
Social obligations 128
Privatisation 128
INVESTMENT CONTEXT BY SUB SECTOR 129
Oil and gas production 129
Petroleum storage and transmission 129
Oil refining 129
Oil product distribution 13
Oilfield equipment and services 13
ENERGY CHARTER TREATY 13
MARINE TRANSPORTATION IN THE CASPIAN AND BUCK SEAS
AND THE TURKISH STRAITS 133
THE TURKISH STRAITS 133
New rules and recommandations for the Straits 34
Oil flows through the Turkish Straits 3^
Bypassing the Straits 136
MARINE TRANSPORTATION IN THE CASPIAN AND BLACK SEAS [ 36
Caspian Sea 13
Kazak oil exports 3
11
Turkmen oil exports 138
Azeri oil exports 38
Port constraints 138
Overview of selected Caspian oil ports and expansion plans 139
Tanker capacity i4()
Volga Don canal and river system 141
Black Sea routes 141
Kazak oil exports 142
Turkmen and Azeri oil exports 142
Proposed export pipelines to the Black Sea 142
Overview of selected Black Sea ports and plans for their expansion 143
Selected import capacity in the Black Sea 144
LEGAL STATUS OF THE CASPIAN SEA 1 47
BACKGROUND 147
THE RESPONSE OF THE OTHER LITTORAL STATES 148
INTEREST 149
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN POSITION 1 SO
BORDER DISPUTES ISO
COUNTRY CHAPTERS
AZERBAIJAN isi
SUMMARY 1S1
ECONOMIC BACKGROUND 1S2
The first years of stabilisation and transition 1 S3
Structural reforms 1S3
Price and trade liberalisation 1 S3
Privatisation and demonopolisation 1S1
Payment arrears 151
The Banking system 1S4
Long term outlook 1SS
OVERVIEW OF THE ENERGY SECTOR 1SS
Electricity 1SS
Coal and shale 156
ORGANISATION OFTHE OIL ANT) GAS SECTOR 156
OIL RESERVES AND PRODI CTION 1 S~
Oil reserves IS
Oil production 1
12 Oil fields 158
Oil prices 159
OIL REFINING 159
Refineries 161
Azerneftyag refinery 161
Azerneftyyanadjag refinery 161
Environmental concerns at the refineries 161
Distribution of oil products 161
Consumption of oil products 161
OIL TRANSPORTATION AND TRADE 162
Crude exports l^2
A10C pipelines I62
The northern route 163
The western route I 4
Ceyhan route 1^4
Main oil I65
Exports of oil products 1^5
Oil storage 1
GAS RESERVES AND PRODUCTION I66
GAS PROCESSING,TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION l68
Gas processing 1 °
Gas transmission and distribution I 8
LPG 170
Gas consumption 1 ¦ 1
Gas pricing I72
Non payments for gas I 2
GAS TRADE t72
Gas transit *7^
INVESTMENT 174
Offshore investments ^^
Azeri, Chirag and Guneshli 1
Karabakh l76
Shakh Deniz 1
Dan Ulduzu andAshrafi
Lenkoran Deniz and Talysh Deniz l78
ralama
Oguz I79
Apsheron 1
Nakhichivan (D 3) l8()
Inam 80
Kyurdashi I80
. 13
Major offshore deals under negotiation 1 h l
South Caspian Archipelago %
Shallow Guneshli 181
Yanan Tava 3, Atashgah and Muga Deniz 181
Umid 181
Abikh Bank 181
Kyapaz 182
Offshore tender 182
Onshore investments 182
Legislation 184
Rights to land 184
Investment protection 184
Concessions/licensing regime 185
Privatisation 186
Privatisation general procedures 186
Prospects for equity investment in the oil and gas sub sectors 187
Taxation 188
ENVIRONMENT 189
OILFIELD EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES INDUSTRY 189
Fabrication yards 19()
Seismic services 192
KAZAKSTAN 193
SUMMARY 193
ECONOMIC BACKGROUND 195
Macro economic policies during the first years of transition 195
Price, trade and foreign exchange liberalisation 196
Privatisation 196
Non payment 19 1
The financial sector 19
The tax system 19
IFI loans 19
Technical assistance 198
New national capital 198
OVERVIEW OF THE ENERGY SECTOR 199
Coal 199
Electricity 200
ORGANISATION OF THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR 201
OIL RESERVES AND PRODUCTION 203
OIL REFINING 201
Atyrau 205
14 ^ Shimkent 2o6
Pavlodar 208
New refineries ^
Oil product consumption 209
OIL TRANSPORTATION AND TRADE 209
Planned internal oil pipelines 210
Oil transportation tariffs 1
Oil export
Oil pipeline quotas 212
Oil export by rail ^
Proposed oil export pipelines $
Caspian Pipeline Consortium 213
Project details 215
Rights of way 2 b
Capacity quotas 215
Evolution of CPC provisions 216
Projected tax revenues 21
Shares in the CPC and financing plans 21
CPC administration 21
CNPC pipeline to China 218
Via Turkmenistan to Iran 219
Transcaspian pipeline 219
Via Azerbaijan and Georgia 219
Swaps with Iran 220
GAS RESERVES AND PRODUCTION 221
GAS PROCESSINGJRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 222
Gas transmission 223
Investment needs 225
Gas distribution 226
GAS TRADE 226
INVESTMENT 227
State Committee for Investments 229
Foreign investment methods 229
Major exploration and production projects 230
Tengizchetroil 23
Kazak Shelf 231
Karachaganak 232
Uzen 233
The Temir blocks 233
Other major joint ventures in the oil and gas sector ^
Privatisation 235
Legislative basis 235
Privatisation in practice 236
15
Major prii cittsa tiom y
Yuzhneftegaz (Hurricane Kumkol Munai) 23
Aktobcmunai (Aktyubinskneftegaz) 23
Karazhanbasmunai 238
Mangistaumunaigaz 238
Stock exchange 238
Management contracts 239
Investment legislation 239
Law on foreign investments 239
Petroleum act (licencing regime) 239
Taxation 241
Accounting system 242
TURKMENISTAN 2,3
SUMMARY 2i3
ECONOMIC BACKGROUND 2 i i
The first years of transition 41
Restructuring and privatisation 246
OVERVIEW OF THE ENERGY SECTOR 2 16
Electricity 24
ORGANISATION OF THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR 2*8
OIL RESERVES AND PRODUCTION 2 (9
OIL REFINING 2SO
OIL TRANSPORTATION AND TRADE 2S()
Proposed oil export pipeline via Afghanistan 2S1
GAS RESERVES AND PRODUCTION 2= 2
Major gas fields 2S3
Gas production costs and prices 2S3
Gas consumption 2S i
GAS TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 2St
New gas export pipeline projects 2SS
Gas pipeline to northern Iran 2SS
Turkmenistan Iran Turkey 2SS
Trans Caspian 2S~
Via Russia to Turkey 2S~
Turkmenistan Pakistan gas pipeline projects 2S8
Turkmenistan C.hina Japan gas pipeline project 2S9
GASTRADE 260
16 INVESTMENT 261
Foreign investment projects 261
The State Investment Agency and the Competent Body 262
Offshore tender 262
Investment legislation 263
Law on Foreign Investments 263
Law on Concessions 264
Law on Hydrocarbon Resources 264
Model PSA andJV agreements 265
Dispute settlement 266
Registration of foreign investors 266
Privatisation 266
Taxation 266
Free Enterprise Economic Zones 267
Accounting 267
UZBEKISTAN 269
SUMMARY 269
ECONOMIC BACKGROUND 270
Initial reform efforts 270
Inflation 271
Budget deficit 271
Banking 271
Privatisation 272
Trade 272
Multilateral assistance 273
International economic relations Ll
OVERVIEW OF THE ENERGY SECTOR 275
Electricity 277
Energy prices 278
ORGANISATION OF THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR 278
OIL RESERVES AND PRODUCTION 279
Exploration 280
Production 281
OIL REFINING 282
OIL TRANSPORTATION AND TRADE 283
Oil transportation 284
Proposed export pipelines for oil 2
17
GAS RESERVES AND PRODUCTION 285
GAS PROCESSING.TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION 28
Gas storage 288
Natural gas consumption 289
LPG 290
GAS TRADE 290
Proposed export pipelines for gas 291
INVESTMENT 291
Recent investment activity in the oil and gas sector 291
Uzmaloil 292
Kokdumalak field compression station 292
Karaulbazar refinery 292
Ferghana refinery 292
Ferghana lubricant plant 292
Planned investments in the oil and gas sector 293
Privatisation 294
Legislation relevant to oil and gas investment 29 4
Enterprise Tax Law of 1991 29i
Access to land 29S
Protection of foreign investment 295
Petroleum licensing 296
Taxation 296
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Maps1
Map 1 Selected Central Asian and Transcaucasian oil and gas pipelines 21
Map 2 Azerbaijan: Major oil and gas infrastructure 11
Map 3 Major fields offshore Azerbaijan 23
Map 4 Kazakstan: Major oil and gas fields and infrastructure 21
Map 5 Turkmenistan: Major oil and gas fields and infrastructure 25
Map 6 Uzbekistan: Major oil and gas fields and infrastructure 26
Map 7 Crude oil and product shipments across the Caspian Sea (199 ) 2
Overview
Figure 1 Oil production, domestic consumption and net exports (high case) 33
Figure 2 Gas production.domestic consumption and net exports (high case) 33
1 . Maps for this report have been prepared by the International Energy Agency exclusively for the convenience of rea¬
ders. The boundaries shown on maps in this report do not imply, on the part of the International Energy Agency any ud
gement on the legal status of any territory or any endorsement of such boundaries
18 ^^___ Markets for oil Caspian region oil
Figure 1 Russia: the investment imperative 88
Figure 2 US crude oil imports from Latin America and the Middle East 90
Figure 3 Middle Eastern crude oil exports to Asia, the US, and western Europe 91
Figure 4 Western European imports from the FSU and Middle East 92
Figure 5 Turkey s dependence on oil imports 94
Figure 6 China: crude oil production consumption 95
Azerbaijan
Figure 1 Azeri average oil production rates 158
Kazakstan
Figure 1 Kazak refinery output (1Q97) 2°5
Figure 2 Atyrau refinery output 1991 1994 2°6
Figure 3 Shimkent refiner) output: Summer (April September 199 ) 2°7
Figure 4 Shimkent refinery output:Winter (October 1996 March 199 ) 207
Uzbekistan
Figure 1 Uzbek primary energy consumption in 1996 276
LIST OF TABLES
Overview
Table 1 Caspian region production ^
Table 2 Caspian region net exports
Projections of oil and gas production, domestic demand and exports
Table 1 Azerbaijan: selected oil and gas projects
Table 2 Kazakstan: selected oil and gas projects °
Table 3 Oil production, domestic consumption and net exports (high case) 51
Table 4 Oil production, domestic consumption and net exports (low case) 51
Table 5 Gas production, domestic consumption and net exports (high case) 52
Table 6 Gas production, domestic consumption and net exports (low case) 52
Table 7 Annual GDP growth (high case) ^
Table 8 Annual GDP growth (low case) ®
Table 9 Energy sector share of GDP at current energy prices (high case) *
Table 10 Energy sector share of GDP at current energy prices (low case) ^
Table 11 Energy sector share of energy demand (high case)
Table 12 Energy intensity (high case)
Table 13 Energy use per head (high case)
Table 14 Income per head (high case)
Table 15 Ratio of energy production to energy consumption (high case)
19
Table 16 Azerbaijan: summary of high and low scenarios 65
Table 17 Azerbaijan: economic and energy indicators (high case) 66
Table 18 Azerbaijan: economic and energy indicators (low case) 68
Table 19 Kazakstan: summary of high and low scenarios 70
Table 20 Kazakstan: economic and energy indicators (high case) 71
Table 21 Kazakstan: economic and energy indicators (low case) 73
Table 22 Turkmenistan: summary of high and low scenarios 75
Table 23 Turkmenistan: economic and energy indicators (high case) 76
Table 24 Turkmenistan: economic and energy indicators (low case) 78
Table 25 Uzbekistan: summary of high and low scenarios 80
Table 26 Uzbekistan: economic and energy indicators (high case) 81
Table 27 Uzbekistan: economic and energy indicators (low case) 83
Investment framework
Table 1 Selected taxes affecting investments in the oil and gas sector 127
Marine transportation in the Caspian and Black Seas and the Turkish Straits
Table 1 Number and tonnage of ships passing through the Strait of Istanbul 133
Table 2 Number of collisions in the Strait of Istanbul 135
Table 3 Oil transported through the Turkish Straits in 1996 135
Table 4 Capacity of selected Caspian Sea ports 1V
Table 5 Estimated oil tanker capacity in the Caspian Sea 140
Table 6 FSU crude oil exports via the Black Sea, 1995 1997 142
Table 7 Information on selected key ports for the transit of Central Asian
and Transcaucasian oil 145
Azerbaijan
Table 1 Azeri oil refining 1992 1995 160
Table 2 Azeri oil product consumption 1992 1995 162
Table 3 Azeri crude and product exports in 1997 165
Table 4 Azeri crude and product imports in 1997 166
Table 5 Azeri natural gas production, trade and consumption 16
Table 6 Azeri natural gas consumption 1 l
Table 7 Socar s share in offshore PSAs 1 4
Table 8 Mobile offshore drilling rigs 191
Kazakstan
Table 1 Technical assistance (as of mid 1996) 198
Table 2 Electricity consumption, production and imports 200
Table 3 Share (%) owned by Kazakoil in various companies, as of October 199 202
Table 4 Reserves of principal Kazakoil production associations 203
Table 5 Oil output of principal Kazakoil production associations 204
Table 6 Oil pipeline capacity and use in 1995 and 1996 210
Table 7 Pipeline deliveries of oil originating in Kazakstan in 1996 210
Table 8 Kazak gross exports of crude oil and condensate by pipeline 212
Table 9 Shares in the CPC as of November 199 214
20 Table 10 CPC Pipeline quotas 216
Table 11 Major gas transmission pipelines in Kazakstan 223
Table 12 New gas transmission lines proposed by Kazakgaz 225
Table 13 Kazak gas distribution companies 226
Table 14 Kazak gas production, export and import 227
Table 15 Foreign direct investment in Kazak oil and gas sector 228
Table 16 Shares owned by Kazakoil in joint ventures with foreign firms 228
Table 17 Distribution of shares in Tengizchevroil 230
Table 18 Distribution of shares in Karachaganak PSA 232
Table 19 Excess profits tax 242
Turkmenistan
Table 1 Comparisons of TPES per capita (1994/1995) 247
Table 2 Turkmen crude oil and refined product exports by destination. 1996 251
Table 3 Turkmen gas exports by destination, 1995 and 1996 260
Uzbekistan
Table 1 Energy supply, demand and net exports: 1997 2010 277
Table 2 Oil reserves estimated by Uzbekneftegaz as of 1 January 1996 280
Table 3 Kokdumalak reserves 280
Table 4 Crude oil and condensate production: 1990 1996 281
Table 5 Projected oil supply, demand and net exports: 1997 2010 284
Table 6 Natural gas production: 1990 1996 286
Table 7 Projected natural gas supply, demand and net exports: 1997 2010 289
Table 8 Exports of Uzbek gas by country: 1991 1996 290
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| geographic | Kaspisches Meer Region (DE-588)4407680-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kaspisches Meer Region |
| id | DE-604.BV012010969 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:20:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)114056-5 |
| isbn | 9264160957 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008128454 |
| oclc_num | 222366937 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-12 DE-706 DE-634 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-12 DE-706 DE-634 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 297 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
| publishDateSort | 1998 |
| publisher | OECD |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Caspian oil and gas the supply potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia International Energy Agency Paris OECD 1998 297 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Natural gas Azerbaijan Natural gas Kazakhstan Natural gas Turkmenistan Natural gas Uzbekistan Petroleum industry and trade Azerbaijan Petroleum industry and trade Kazakhstan Petroleum industry and trade Turkmenistan Petroleum industry and trade Uzbekistan Erdgaswirtschaft (DE-588)4246601-5 gnd rswk-swf Erdölwirtschaft (DE-588)4152707-0 gnd rswk-swf Kaspisches Meer Region (DE-588)4407680-0 gnd rswk-swf Kaspisches Meer Region (DE-588)4407680-0 g Erdgaswirtschaft (DE-588)4246601-5 s DE-604 Erdölwirtschaft (DE-588)4152707-0 s Internationale Energieagentur Sonstige (DE-588)114056-5 oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008128454&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Caspian oil and gas the supply potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia Natural gas Azerbaijan Natural gas Kazakhstan Natural gas Turkmenistan Natural gas Uzbekistan Petroleum industry and trade Azerbaijan Petroleum industry and trade Kazakhstan Petroleum industry and trade Turkmenistan Petroleum industry and trade Uzbekistan Erdgaswirtschaft (DE-588)4246601-5 gnd Erdölwirtschaft (DE-588)4152707-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4246601-5 (DE-588)4152707-0 (DE-588)4407680-0 |
| title | Caspian oil and gas the supply potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia |
| title_auth | Caspian oil and gas the supply potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia |
| title_exact_search | Caspian oil and gas the supply potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia |
| title_full | Caspian oil and gas the supply potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia International Energy Agency |
| title_fullStr | Caspian oil and gas the supply potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia International Energy Agency |
| title_full_unstemmed | Caspian oil and gas the supply potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia International Energy Agency |
| title_short | Caspian oil and gas |
| title_sort | caspian oil and gas the supply potential of central asia and transcaucasia |
| title_sub | the supply potential of Central Asia and Transcaucasia |
| topic | Natural gas Azerbaijan Natural gas Kazakhstan Natural gas Turkmenistan Natural gas Uzbekistan Petroleum industry and trade Azerbaijan Petroleum industry and trade Kazakhstan Petroleum industry and trade Turkmenistan Petroleum industry and trade Uzbekistan Erdgaswirtschaft (DE-588)4246601-5 gnd Erdölwirtschaft (DE-588)4152707-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Natural gas Azerbaijan Natural gas Kazakhstan Natural gas Turkmenistan Natural gas Uzbekistan Petroleum industry and trade Azerbaijan Petroleum industry and trade Kazakhstan Petroleum industry and trade Turkmenistan Petroleum industry and trade Uzbekistan Erdgaswirtschaft Erdölwirtschaft Kaspisches Meer Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008128454&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT internationaleenergieagentur caspianoilandgasthesupplypotentialofcentralasiaandtranscaucasia |