Laser spectroscopy: basic concepts and instrumentation
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
1998
|
| Ausgabe: | 2., enl. ed., corr. printing |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 843 - 916 |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 924 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 354057171X |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Demtröder, Wolfgang |d 1931- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)120579774 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Laser spectroscopy |b basic concepts and instrumentation |c Wolfgang Demtröder |
| 250 | |a 2., enl. ed., corr. printing | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 924 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 843 - 916 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Laser spectroscopy | |
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| 655 | 7 | |8 1\p |0 (DE-588)1071861417 |a Konferenzschrift |y 1973 |z Vail Colo. |2 gnd-content | |
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CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION
.
1
2.
ABSORPTION
AND
EMISSION
OF
LIGHT
.
5
2.1
CAVITY
MODES
.
5
2.2
THERMAL
RADIATION
AND
PLANCK'S
LAW
.
8
2.3
ABSORPTION,
INDUCED
AND
SPONTANEOUS
EMISSION
.
11
2.4 BASIC
PHOTOMETRIC
QUANTITIES
.
15
2.4.1
DEFINITIONS
.
15
2.4.2
ILLUMINATION
OF
EXTENDED
AREAS
.
17
2.5
DISCRETE
AND
CONTINUOUS
ABSORPTION
AND
EMISSION
SPECTRA
.
.
19
2.6
TRANSITION
PROBABILITIES
.
22
2.6.1
LIFETIMES.
SPONTANEOUS
AND
RADIATIONLESS
TRANSITIONS
.
24
2.6.2
SEMICLASSICAL
DESCRIPTION;
BASIC
EQUATIONS
.
26
2.6.3
WEAK-FIELD
APPROXIMATION
.
29
2.6.4
TRANSITION
PROBABILITIES
WITH
BROAD-BAND
EXCITATION.
.
31
2.6.5
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
INCLUSION
OF
DECAY
PHENOMENA
.
33
2.6.6
INTERACTION
WITH
STRONG
FIELDS
.
34
2.7
COHERENCE
PROPERTIES
OF
RADIATION
FIELDS
.
38
2.7.1
TEMPORAL
COHERENCE
.
39
2.7.2
SPATIAL
COHERENCE
.
41
2.7.3
COHERENCE
VOLUME
.
42
2.7.4
THE
COHERENCE
FUNCTION
AND
THE
DEGREE
OF
COHERENCE
.
.
45
2.8
COHERENCE
OF
ATOMIC
SYSTEMS
.
50
2.8.1
DENSITY
MATRIX
.
50
2.8.2
COHERENT
EXCITATION
.
51
2.8.3
RELAXATION
OF
COHERENTLY
EXCITED
SYSTEMS
.
53
PROBLEMS
.
55
3.
WIDTHS
AND
PROFILES
OF
SPECTRAL
LINES
.
57
3.1
NATURAL
LINEWIDTH
.
58
3.1.1
LORENTZIAN
LINE
PROFILE
OF
THE
EMITTED
RADIATION
.
58
3.1.2
RELATION
BETWEEN
LINE
WIDTH
AND
LIFETIME
.
61
3.1.3
NATURAL
LINEWIDTH
OF
ABSORBING
TRANSITIONS
.
62
3.2
DOPPLER
WIDTH
.
67
3.3
COLLISION
BROADENING
OF
SPECTRAL
LINES
.
71
3.3.1
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
DESCRIPTION
.
72
3.3.2
THEORETICAL
TREATMENT
OF
ELASTIC
COLLISIONS
.
74
3.3.3
RELATIONS
BETWEEN
INTERACTION
POTENTIAL,
LINE
BROADENING
AND
SHIFTS
.
80
3.3.4
COLLISIONAL
NARROWING
OF
LINES
.
84
3.4
TRANSIT-TIME
BROADENING
.
85
3.5
HOMOGENEOUS
AND
INHOMOGENEOUS
LINE
BROADENING
.
88
3.6
SATURATION
AND
POWER
BROADENING
.
90
3.6.1
SATURATION
OF
LEVEL
POPULATION
BY
OPTICAL
PUMPING
.
90
3.6.2
SATURATION
BROADENING
OF
HOMOGENEOUS
LINE
PROFILES
.
92
3.6.3
POWER
BROADENING
.
93
3.7
SPECTRAL
LINE
PROFILES
IN
LIQUIDS
AND
SOLIDS
.
95
PROBLEMS
.
98
4.
SPECTROSCOPIC
INSTRUMENTATION
.
99
4.1
SPECTROGRAPHS
AND
MONOCHROMATORS
.
99
4.1.1
BASIC
PROPERTIES
.
102
A)
SPEED
OF
A
SPECTROMETER
.
102
B)
SPECTRAL
TRANSMISSION
.
104
C)
SPECTRAL
RESOLVING
POWER
.
105
D)
FREE
SPECTRAL
RANGE
.
ILL
4.1.2
PRISM
SPECTROMETER
.
ILL
4.1.3
GRATING
SPECTROMETER
.
114
4.2
INTERFEROMETERS
.
122
4.2.1
BASIC
CONCEPTS
.
123
4.2.2
MICHELSON
INTERFEROMETER
.
124
4.2.3
MACH-ZEHNDER
INTERFEROMETER
.
129
4.2.4
MULTIPLE-BEAM
INTERFERENCE
.
133
4.2.5
PLANE
FABRY-PEROT
INTERFEROMETER
.
140
A)
THE
PLANE
FPI
AS
A
TRANSMISSION
FILTER
.
140
B)
ILLUMINATION
WITH
DIVERGENT
LIGHT
.
142
C)
THE
AIR-SPACED
FPI
.
145
4.2.6
CONFOCAL
FABRY-PEROT
INTERFEROMETER
.
147
4.2.7
MULTILAYER
DIELECTRIC
COATINGS
.
152
4.2.8
INTERFERENCE
FILTERS
.
156
4.2.9
BIREFRINGENT
INTERFEROMETER
.
159
4.2.10
TUNABLE
INTERFEROMETERS
.
163
4.3
COMPARISON
BETWEEN
SPECTROMETERS
AND
INTERFEROMETERS
.
164
4.3.1
SPECTRAL
RESOLVING
POWER
.
164
4.3.2
LIGHT-GATHERING
POWER
.
167
4.4
ACCURATE
WAVELENGTH
MEASUREMENTS
.
168
4.4.1
PRECISION
AND
ACCURACY
OF
WAVELENGTH
MEASUREMENTS
.
.
169
4.4.2
TODAY'S
WAVEMETERS
.
172
A)
THE
MICHELSON-WAVEMETER
.
172
B)
SIGMAMETER
.
175
C)
COMPUTER-CONTROLLED
FABRY-PEROT
WAVEMETER
.
177
D)
FIZEAU
WAVEMETER
.
179
4.5
DETECTION
OF
LIGHT
.
181
4.5.1
THERMAL
DETECTORS
.
184
4.5.2
PHOTODIODES
.
190
X
A)
PHOTOCONDUCTIVE
DIODES
.
192
B)
PHOTOVOLTAIC
DETECTORS
.
193
C)
FAST
PHOTODIODES
.
195
D)
AVALANCHE
DIODES
.
198
4.5.3
PHOTODIODE
ARRAYS
.
199
4.5.4
PHOTOEMISSIVE
DETECTORS
.
202
A)
PHOTOCATHODES
.
202
B)
PHOTOCELLS
.
204
C)
PHOTOMULTIPLIERS
.
205
D)
PHOTOELECTRIC
IMAGE
INTENSIFIERS
.
209
4.5.5
DETECTION
TECHNIQUES
AND
ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENT
.
212
A)
PHOTON
COUNTING
.
212
B)
MEASUREMENTS
OF
FAST
TRANSIENT
EVENTS
.
214
C)
OPTICAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
.
217
4.6
CONCLUSIONS
.
218
PROBLEMS
.
220
5.
LASERS
AS
SPECTROSCOPIC
LIGHT
SOURCES
.
222
5.1
FUNDAMENTALS
OF
LASERS
.
222
5.1.1
BASIC
ELEMENTS
OF
A
LASER
.
222
5.1.2
THRESHOLD
CONDITION
.
223
5.1.3
RATE
EQUATIONS
.
226
5.2
LASER
RESONATORS
.
228
5.2.1
OPEN
OPTICAL
RESONATORS
.
229
5.2.2
SPATIAL
FIELD
DISTRIBUTIONS
IN
OPEN
RESONATORS
.
232
5.2.3
CONFOCAL
RESONATORS
.
234
5.2.4
GENERAL
SPHERICAL
RESONATORS
.
237
5.2.5
DIFFRACTION
LOSSES
OF
OPEN
RESONATORS
.
238
5.2.6
STABLE
AND
UNSTABLE
RESONATORS
.
239
5.2.7
RING
RESONATORS
.
244
5.2.8
FREQUENCY
SPECTRUM
OF
PASSIVE
RESONATORS
.
245
5.3
SPECTRAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
LASER
EMISSION
.
248
5.3.1
ACTIVE
RESONATORS
AND
LASER
MODES
.
249
5.3.2
GAIN
SATURATION
.
251
5.3.3
SPATIAL
HOLE
BURNING
.
253
5.3.4
MULTIMODE
LASERS
AND
GAIN
COMPETITION
.
255
5.3.5
MODE
PULLING
.
259
5.4
EXPERIMENTAL
REALIZATION
OF
SINGLE-MODE
LASERS
.
260
5.4.1
LINE
SELECTION
.
260
5.4.2
SUPPRESSION
OF
TRANSVERSE
MODES
.
264
5.4.3
SELECTION
OF
SINGLE
LONGITUDINAL
MODES
.
266
5.4.4
INTENSITY
STABILIZATION
.
273
5.4.5
WAVELENGTH
STABILIZATION
.
276
5.5
CONTROLLED
WAVELENGTH
TUNING
OF
SINGLE-MODE
LASERS
.
287
5.5.1
CONTINUOUS
TUNING
TECHNIQUES
.
287
5.5.2
WAVELENGTH
CALIBRATION
.
292
5.6
LINEWIDTHS
OF
SINGLE-MODE
LASERS
.
294
5.7
TUNABLE
LASERS
.
297
XI
5.7.1
BASIC
CONCEPTS
.
298
5.7.2
SEMICONDUCTOR-DIODE
LASERS
.
299
5.7.3
SPIN-FLIP
RAMAN
LASERS
.
304
5.7.4
TUNABLE
SOLID-STATE
LASERS
.
306
5.7.5
COLOR-CENTER
LASERS
.
309
5.7.6
DYE
LASERS
.
312
A)
FLASHLAMP-PUMPED
DYE
LASERS
.
316
B)
PULSED-LASER-PUMPED
DYE
LASERS
.
318
C)
CONTINUOUS-WAVE
DYE
LASERS
.
324
5.7.7
EXCIMER
LASERS
.
329
5.7.8
FREE-ELECTRON
LASERS
.
331
5.8
NONLINEAR
OPTICAL-MIXING
TECHNIQUES
.
335
5.8.1
PHYSICAL
BACKGROUND
.
335
5.8.2
SECOND-HARMONIC
GENERATION
.
339
5.8.3
SUM-FREQUENCY
AND
HIGHER-HARMONIC
GENERATION
.
.
.
344
5.8.4
X-RAY
LASERS
.
348
5.8.5
DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY
SPECTROMETER
.
349
5.8.6
OPTICAL
PARAMETRIC
OSCILLATOR
.
352
5.8.7
TUNABLE
RAMAN
LASERS
.
356
5.9
GAUSSIAN
BEAMS
.
358
PROBLEMS
.
365
6.
DOPPLER-LIMITED
ABSORPTION
AND
FLUORESCENCE
SPECTROSCOPY
WITH
LASERS
.
367
6.1
ADVANTAGES
OF
LASERS
IN
SPECTROSCOPY
.
367
6.2
HIGH-SENSITIVITY
METHODS
OF
ABSORPTION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
371
6.2.1
FREQUENCY
MODULATION
.
372
6.2.2
INTRACAVITY
ABSORPTION
.
375
6.3
DIRECT
DETERMINATION
OF
ABSORBED
PHOTONS
.
384
6.3.1
FLUORESCENCE
EXCITATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
384
6.3.2
PHOTOACOUSTIC
SPECTROSCOPY
.
389
6.3.3
OPTOTHERMAL
SPECTROSCOPY
.
394
6.4
IONIZATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
396
6.4.1
BASIC
TECHNIQUES
.
397
A)
PHOTOIONIZATION
.
397
B)
COLLISION-INDUCED
IONIZATION
.
397
C)
FIELD
IONIZATION
.
398
6.4.2
SENSITIVITY
OF
IONIZATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
399
6.4.3
PULSED
VS
CW
LASERS
FOR
PHOTOIONIZATION
.
400
6.4.4
RESONANT
TWO-PHOTON
IONIZATION
COMBINED
WITH
MASS
SPECTROMETRY
.
402
6.4.5
THERMIONIC
DIODE
.
404
6.5
OPTOGALVANIC
SPECTROSCOPY
.
405
6.6
VELOCITY-MODULATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
408
6.7
LASER
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
AND
STARK
SPECTROSCOPY
.
410
6.7.1
LASER
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
.
410
6.7.2
STARK
SPECTROSCOPY
.
413
6.8
LASER-INDUCED
FLUORESCENCE
.
414
XII
6.8.1
MOLECULAR
SPECTROSCOPY
BY
LASER-INDUCED
FLUORESCENCE
415
6.8.2
EXPERIMENTAL
ASPECTS
OF
LIF
.
417
6.8.3
LIF
OF
POLYATOMIC
MOLECULES
.
419
6.8.4
DETERMINATION
OF
POPULATION
DISTRIBUTIONS
BY
LIF
.
421
6.9
COMPARISON
BETWEEN
THE
DIFFERENT
METHODS
.
424
PROBLEMS
.
428
7.
NONLINEAR
SPECTROSCOPY
.
430
7.1
LINEAR
AND
NONLINEAR
ABSORPTION
.
430
7.2
SATURATION
OF
INHOMOGENEOUS
LINE
PROFILES
.
436
7.2.1
HOLE
BURNING
.
437
7.2.2
LAMB
DIPS
.
441
7.3
SATURATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
444
7.3.1
EXPERIMENTAL
SCHEMES
.
445
7.3.2
CROSS-OVER
SIGNALS
.
448
7.3.3
INTRACAVITY
SATURATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
450
7.3.4
LAMB-DIP
FREQUENCY
STABILIZATION
OF
LASERS
.
452
7.4
POLARIZATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
454
7.4.1
BASIC
PRINCIPLE
.
454
7.4.2
LINE
PROFILES
OF
POLARIZATION
SIGNALS
.
456
7.4.3
MAGNITUDE
OF
POLARIZATION
SIGNALS
.
460
7.4.4
SENSITIVITY
OF
POLARIZATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
464
7.4.5
ADVANTAGES
OF
POLARIZATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
465
7.5
MULTIPHOTON
SPECTROSCOPY
.
466
7.5.1
TWO-PHOTON
ABSORPTION
.
466
7.5.2
DOPPLER-FREE
MULTIPHOTON
SPECTROSCOPY
.
469
7.5.3
INFLUENCE
OF
FOCUSSING
ON
THE
MAGNITUDE
OF
THE
TWO-PHOTON
SIGNAL
.
473
7.5.4
EXAMPLES
OF
DOPPLER-FREE
TWO-PHOTON
SPECTROSCOPY.
.
475
7.5.5
MULTIPHOTON
SPECTROSCOPY
.
476
7.6
SPECIAL
TECHNIQUES
OF
NONLINEAR
SPECTROSCOPY
.
479
7.6.1
SATURATED
INTERFERENCE
SPECTROSCOPY
.
480
7.6.2
DOPPLER-FREE
LASER-INDUCED
DICHROISM
AND
BIREFRINGENCE
.
482
7.6.3
HETERODYNE
POLARIZATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
484
7.6.4
COMBINATION
OF
DIFFERENT
NONLINEAR
TECHNIQUES
.
485
7.7
CONCLUSION
.
486
PROBLEMS
.
488
8.
LASER
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
.
489
8.1
BASIC
CONSIDERATIONS
.
489
8.2
EXPERIMENTAL
TECHNIQUES
OF
LINEAR
LASER
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
.
494
8.3
NONLINEAR
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
.
499
8.3.1
STIMULATED
RAMAN
SCATTERING
.
499
8.3.2
COHERENT
ANTI-STOKES
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
.
505
8.3.3
RESONANT
CARS
AND
BOX
CARS
.
508
8.3.4
HYPER-RAMAN
EFFECT
.
510
XIII
8.3.5
SUMMARY
OF
NONLINEAR
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
.
511
8.4
APPLICATIONS
OF
LASER
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
.
512
PROBLEMS
.
515
9.
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
IN
MOLECULAR
BEAMS
.
516
9.1
REDUCTION
OF
DOPPLER
WIDTH
.
516
9.2
ADIABATIC
COOLING
IN
SUPERSONIC
BEAMS
.
524
9.3
FORMATION
AND
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
CLUSTERS
AND
VAN
DER
WAALS
MOLECULES
IN
COLD
MOLECULAR
BEAMS
.
533
9.4
NONLINEAR
SPECTROSCOPY
IN
MOLECULAR
BEAMS
.
536
9.5
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
IN
FAST
ION
BEAMS
.
538
9.6
APPLICATIONS
OF
FIBLAS
.
542
9.6.1
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
RADIOACTIVE
ELEMENTS
.
542
9.6.2
PHOTOFRAGMENTATION
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
MOLECULAR
IONS
.
.
.
543
9.6.3
LASER
PHOTODETACHMENT
SPECTROSCOPY
.
545
9.6.4
SATURATION
SPECTROSCOPY
IN
FAST
BEAMS
.
545
9.7
SPECTROSCOPY
IN
COLD
ION
BEAMS
.
546
9.8
COMBINATION
OF
MOLECULAR
BEAM
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
AND
MASS
SPECTROMETRY
.
548
PROBLEMS
.
551
10.
OPTICAL
PUMPING
AND
DOUBLE-RESONANCE
TECHNIQUES
.
552
10.1
OPTICAL
PUMPING
.
553
10.2
OPTICAL-RF
DOUBLE-RESONANCE
TECHNIQUE
.
559
10.2.1
BASIC
CONSIDERATIONS
.
559
10.2.2
LASER
RF
DOUBLE-RESONANCE
SPECTROSCOPY
IN
MOLECULAR
BEAMS
.
562
10.3
OPTICAL-MICROWAVE
DOUBLE
RESONANCE
.
565
10.4
OPTICAL-OPTICAL
DOUBLE
RESONANCE
.
569
10.4.1
SIMPLIFICATION
OF
COMPLEX
ABSORPTION
SPECTRA
.
.
.
570
10.4.2
STEPWISE
EXCITATION
AND
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
RYDBERG
STATES
.
574
10.4.3
STIMULATED-EMISSION
PUMPING
.
582
10.5
SPECIAL
DETECTION
SCHEMES
OF
DOUBLE-RESONANCE
SPECTROSCOPY
.
585
10.5.1
OODR-POLARIZATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
585
10.5.2
POLARIZATION
LABELLING
.
586
10.5.3
MICROWAVE-OPTICAL
DOUBLE-RESONANCE
POLARIZATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
589
10.5.4
HOLE-BURNING
AND
ION-DIP
DOUBLE-RESONANCE
SPECTROSCOPY
.
589
10.5.5
TRIPLE-RESONANCE
SPECTROSCOPY
.
590
PROBLEMS
.
592
11.
TIME-RESOLVED
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
.
594
11.1
GENERATION
OF
SHORT
LASER
PULSES
.
595
11.1.1
TIME
PROFILES
OF
PULSED
LASERS
.
595
11.1.2
Q-SWITCHED
LASERS
.
597
XIV
11.1.3
CAVITY
DUMPING
.
599
11.1.4
MODE-LOCKING
OF
LASERS
.
601
A)
ACTIVE
MODE-LOCKING
.
602
B)
PASSIVE
MODE-LOCKING
.
606
C)
SYNCHRONEOUS
PUMPING
WITH
MODE-LOCKED
LASERS
.
607
11.1.5
GENERATION
OF
FEMTOSECOND
PULSES
.
610
A)
THE
COLLIDING
PULSE
MODE-LOCKED
LASER
.
610
B)
LOWER
LIMIT
OF
PULSE
WIDTH
.
612
11.1.6
OPTICAL
PULSE
COMPRESSION
.
614
11.1.7
SOLITION
LASER
.
617
11.1.8
GENERATION
OF
HIGH-POWER
ULTRASHORT
PULSES
.
619
11.2
MEASUREMENT
OF
ULTRASHORT
PULSES
.
622
11.2.1
STREAK
CAMERA
.
622
11.2.2
OPTICAL
CORRELATOR
FOR
MEASURING
ULTRASHORT
PULSES
.
624
11.3
LIFETIME
MEASUREMENTS
WITH
LASERS
.
630
11.3.1
PHASE-SHIFT
METHOD
.
632
11.3.2
SINGLE-PULSE
EXCITATION
.
634
11.3.3
DELAYED-COINCIDENCE
TECHNIQUE
.
635
11.3.4
LIFETIME
MEASUREMENTS
IN
FAST
BEAMS
.
637
11.4
PUMP
AND
PROBE
TECHNIQUE
.
640
11.4.1
PUMP-AND-PROBE
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
COLLISIONAL
RELAXATION
IN
LIQUIDS
.
641
11.4.2
ELECTRONIC
RELAXATION
IN
SEMICONDUCTORS
.
642
11.4.3
FEMTOSECOND
TRANSITION
STATE
DYNAMICS
.
643
11.4.4
REAL-TIME
OBSERVATIONS
OF
MOLECULAR
VIBRATIONS.
.
644
PROBLEMS
.
647
12.
COHERENT
SPECTROSCOPY
.
648
12.1
LEVEL-CROSSING
SPECTROSCOPY
.
649
12.1.1
CLASSICAL
MODEL
FOR
THE
HANLE
EFFECT
.
650
12.1.2
QUANTUM-MECHANICAL
MODELS
.
653
12.1.3
EXPERIMENTAL
ARRANGEMENTS
.
656
12.1.4
EXAMPLES
.
657
12.1.5
STIMULATED
LEVEL-CROSSING
SPECTROSCOPY
.
658
12.2
QUANTUM-BEAT
SPECTROSCOPY
.
661
12.2.1
BASIC
PRINCIPLES
.
661
12.2.2
EXPERIMENTAL
TECHNIQUES
.
663
12.2.3
MOLECULAR
QUANTUM-BEAT
SPECTROSCOPY
.
667
12.4
OPTICAL
PULSE-TRAIN
INTERFERENCE
SPECTROSCOPY
.
671
12.5
PHOTON
ECHOES
.
673
12.6
OPTICAL
NUTATION
AND
FREE
INDUCTION
DECAY
.
680
12.7
HETERODYNE
SPECTROSCOPY
.
682
12.8
CORRELATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
683
12.8.1
BASIC
CONSIDERATIONS
.
684
12.8.2
HOMODYNE
SPECTROSCOPY
.
688
12.8.3
HETERODYNE
CORRELATION
SPECTROSCOPY
.
690
PROBLEMS
.
693
XV
13.
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
COLLISION
PROCESSES
.
694
13.1
HIGH-RESOLUTION
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
COLLISIONAL
LINE
BROADENING
AND
LINE
SHIFTS
.
695
13.1.1
SUB-DOPPLER
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
COLLISION
PROCESSES
.
.
696
13.1.2
COMBINATION
OF
DIFFERENT
TECHNIQUES
.
699
13.2
MEASUREMENTS
OF
INELASTIC
COLLISION
CROSS
SECTIONS
OF
EXCITED
ATOMS
AND
MOLECULES
.
701
13.2.1
MEASUREMENTS
OF
ABSOLUTE
QUENCHING
CROSS
SECTIONS
701
13.2.2
COLLISION-INDUCED
ROVIBRONIC
TRANSITIONS
IN
EXCITED
STATES
.
702
13.2.3
COLLISIONAL
TRANSFER
OF
ELECTRONIC
ENERGY
.
707
13.2.4
ENERGY
POOLING
IN
COLLISIONS
BETWEEN
EXCITED
ATOMS
709
13.2.5
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
SPIN-FLIP
TRANSITIONS
.
711
13.3
SPECTROSCOPIC
TECHNIQUES
FOR
MEASURING
COLLISION-INDUCED
TRANSITIONS
IN
THE
ELECTRONIC
GROUND
STATE
OF
MOLECULES
.
.
713
13.3.1
TIME-RESOLVED
INFRARED
FLUORESCENCE
DETECTION
.
.
714
13.3.2
TIME-RESOLVED
ABSORPTION
AND
DOUBLE-RESONANCE
METHODS
.
715
13.3.3
COLLISION
SPECTROSCOPY
WITH
CW
LASERS
.
718
13.3.4
COLLISIONS
INVOLVING
MOLECULES
IN
HIGH
VIBRATIONAL
STATES
.
720
13.4
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
REACTIVE
COLLISIONS
.
721
13.5
SPECTROSCOPIC
DETERMINATION
OF
DIFFERENTIAL
COLLISION
CROSS
SECTIONS
IN
CROSSED
MOLECULAR
BEAMS
.
726
13.6
PHOTON-ASSISTED
COLLISIONAL
ENERGY
TRANSFER
.
731
PROBLEMS
.
735
14.
NEW
DEVELOPMENTS
IN
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
.
736
14.1
OPTICAL
COOLING
AND
TRAPPING
OF
ATOMS
.
736
14.1.1
PHOTON
RECOIL
.
737
14.1.2
MEASUREMENTS
OF
THE
RECOIL
SHIFT
.
739
14.1.3
OPTICAL
COOLING
BY
PHOTON
RECOIL
.
741
14.1.4
EXPERIMENTAL
ARRANGEMENTS
.
744
14.1.5
INDUCED
DIPOLE
FORCES
IN
A
RADIATION
FIELD
.
749
14.1.6
OPTICAL
TRAPPING
OF
ATOMS
.
751
14.1.7
COOLING
LIMITS
.
753
14.1.8
APPLICATIONS
OF
COOLED
ATOMS
.
755
14.2
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
SINGLE
IONS
.
757
14.2.1
TRAPPING
OF
IONS
.
757
14.2.2
OPTICAL
SIDEBAND
COOLING
.
759
14.2.3
DIRECT
OBSERVATIONS
OF
QUANTUM
JUMPS
.
761
14.2.4
FORMATION
OF
WIGNER
CRYSTALS
IN
ION
TRAPS
.
764
14.2.5
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
IN
STORAGE
RINGS
.
766
14.3
OPTICAL
RAMSEY
FRINGES
.
767
14.3.1
BASIC
CONSIDERATIONS
.
767
14.3.2
TWO-PHOTON
RAMSEY
RESONANCES
.
771
14.3.3
NONLINEAR
RAMSEY
FRINGES
USING
THREE
SEPARATED
FIELDS
.
775
XVI
14.3.4
OBSERVATION
OF
RECOIL
DOUBLETS
AND
SUPPRESSION
OF
ONE
RECOIL
COMPONENT
.
778
14.4
ATOM
INTERFEROMETRY
.
779
14.5
THE
ONE-ATOM
MASER
.
781
14.6
SPECTRAL
RESOLUTION
WITHIN
THE
NATURAL
LINEWIDTH
.
785
14.6.1
TIME-GATED
COHERENT
SPECTROSCOPY
.
785
14.6.2
COHERENCE
AND
TRANSIT
NARROWING
.
790
14.6.3
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
WITH
SUB-NATURAL
LINEWIDTH
.
791
14.7
ABSOLUTE
OPTICAL-FREQUENCY
MEASUREMENT
AND
OPTICAL-FREQUENCY
STANDARDS
.
794
14.8
SQUEEZING
.
797
14.8.1
AMPLITUDE
AND
PHASE
FLUCTUATIONS
OF
A
LIGHT
WAVE
798
14.8.2
EXPERIMENTAL
REALIZATION
OF
SQUEEZING
.
802
14.8.3
APPLICATION
OF
SQUEEZING
TO
GRAVITATIONAL
WAVE
DETECTORS
.
804
15.
APPLICATIONS
OF
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
.
806
15.1
APPLICATIONS
IN
CHEMISTRY
.
806
15.1.1
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY:IN
ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY
.
806
15.1.2
LASER-INDUCED
CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
.
809
15.1.3
LASER
FEMTOSECOND-CHEMISTRY
.
813
15.1.4
ISOTOPE
SEPARATION
WITH
LASERS
.
815
15.1.5
SUMMARY
OF
LASER
CHEMISTRY
.
817
15.2
ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH
WITH
LASERS
.
818
15.2.1
ABSORPTION
MEASUREMENTS
.
818
15.2.2
ATMOSPHERIC
MEASUREMENTS
WITH
LIDAR
.
820
15.2.3
SPECTROSCOPIC
DETECTION
OF
WATER
POLLUTION
.
824
15.3
APPLICATIONS
TO
TECHNICAL
PROBLEMS
.
825
15.3.1
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
COMBUSTION
PROCESSES
.
825
15.3.2
APPLICATIONS
OF
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
TO
MATERIALS
SCIENCE
.
827
15.3.3
MEASUREMENTS
OF
FLOW
VELOCITIES
IN
GASES
AND
LIQUIDS
.
829
15.4
APPLICATIONS
IN
BIOLOGY
.
830
15.4.1
ENERGY
TRANSFER
IN
DNA
COMPLEXES
.
830
15.4.2
TIME-RESOLVED
MEASUREMENTS
OF
BIOLOGICAL
PROCESSES831
15.4.3
CORRELATION
SPECTROSCOPY
OF
MICROBE
MOVEMENTS
.
.
833
15.4.4
LASER
MICROSCOPE
.
834
15.5
MEDICAL
APPLICATIONS
OF
LASER
SPECTROSCOPY
.
835
15.5.1
APPLICATIONS
OF
RAMAN
SPECTROSCOPY
IN
MEDICINE
.
836
15.5.2
HETERODYNE
MEASUREMENTS
OF
EAR
DRUMS
.
837
15.5.3
CANCER
DIAGNOSTICS
AND
THERAPY
WITH
THE
HPD
TECHNIQUE
.
838
15.5.4
LASER
LITHOTRIPSY
.
840
15.6
CONCLUDING
REMARKS
.
841
REFERENCES
.
843
SUBJECT
INDEX
.
917
XVII |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Demtröder, Wolfgang 1931- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)120579774 |
| author_facet | Demtröder, Wolfgang 1931- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Demtröder, Wolfgang 1931- |
| author_variant | w d wd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV011894994 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QC454 |
| callnumber-raw | QC454 |
| callnumber-search | QC454 |
| callnumber-sort | QC 3454 |
| callnumber-subject | QC - Physics |
| classification_rvk | UH 5710 VG 8850 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)833227132 (DE-599)BVBBV011894994 |
| dewey-full | 621.36/6 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 621 - Applied physics |
| dewey-raw | 621.36/6 |
| dewey-search | 621.36/6 |
| dewey-sort | 3621.36 16 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| edition | 2., enl. ed., corr. printing |
| format | Book |
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| genre | 1\p (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1973 Vail Colo. gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Konferenzschrift 1973 Vail Colo. |
| id | DE-604.BV011894994 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-16T00:18:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 354057171X |
| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008037364 |
| oclc_num | 833227132 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-703 DE-526 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-703 DE-526 DE-11 |
| physical | XVII, 924 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
| publishDateSort | 1998 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Demtröder, Wolfgang 1931- Verfasser (DE-588)120579774 aut Laser spectroscopy basic concepts and instrumentation Wolfgang Demtröder 2., enl. ed., corr. printing Berlin [u.a.] Springer 1998 XVII, 924 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 843 - 916 Laser spectroscopy Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1973 Vail Colo. gnd-content Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 s DE-604 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008037364&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Demtröder, Wolfgang 1931- Laser spectroscopy basic concepts and instrumentation Laser spectroscopy Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4034620-1 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Laser spectroscopy basic concepts and instrumentation |
| title_auth | Laser spectroscopy basic concepts and instrumentation |
| title_exact_search | Laser spectroscopy basic concepts and instrumentation |
| title_full | Laser spectroscopy basic concepts and instrumentation Wolfgang Demtröder |
| title_fullStr | Laser spectroscopy basic concepts and instrumentation Wolfgang Demtröder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laser spectroscopy basic concepts and instrumentation Wolfgang Demtröder |
| title_short | Laser spectroscopy |
| title_sort | laser spectroscopy basic concepts and instrumentation |
| title_sub | basic concepts and instrumentation |
| topic | Laser spectroscopy Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Laser spectroscopy Laserspektroskopie Konferenzschrift 1973 Vail Colo. |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008037364&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT demtroderwolfgang laserspectroscopybasicconceptsandinstrumentation |