Deciphering global epidemics: analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities ; 1888 - 1912
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
1998
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| Schriftenreihe: | Cambridge studies in historical geography
26 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 469 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0521472660 052147860X |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Cliff, Andrew D. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Deciphering global epidemics |b analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities ; 1888 - 1912 |c Andrew Cliff ; Peter Haggett ; Matthew Smallman-Raynor |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 1998 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 469 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Cambridge studies in historical geography |v 26 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1888-1912 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Epidemieën |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mortalité | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Santé urbaine | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Steden |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Épidémiologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Stadt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Disease Outbreaks | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mortality | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Urban Health | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
List of plates page viii
List of figures ix
List of tables xvi
Foreword xix
Preface xxi
1 Prologue: epidemics past 1
2 The nature of the evidence 41
3 The global sample: an overall picture 83
4 Epidemic trends: a global synthesis 133
5 Comparing world regions 186
6 The individual city record 239
Appendix to chapter 6 312
7 Epidemics: looking forwards 316
Appendices
A Primary data sources 384
B International epidemiological sources 389
C National epidemiological sources 396
D International and national epidemiological agencies 418
Chapter notes 420
References 427
Index 450
vii
Plates
Chapter 1
1.1 Peter Ludwig Panum (1820 1885). Source: Panum (1940),
frontispiece page 25
1.2 London Bills of Mortality, 1665. Source: Cambridge University
Library, rare books collection 30
Chapter 2
2.1 Dr John Maynard Woodworth (1837 1879). Source: Furman
(1973), p. 122 43
2.2 Examples of consular sanitary dispatches 56
2.3 Front covers of the Weekly Abstract under its various aliases 58
2.4 Dr John B. Hamilton (1847 1898). Source: Furman (1973), p. 15 59
2.5 The first weekly table of mortality in foreign cities to appear in
the Weekly Abstract (vol. II, no. 55, dated 17 March 1887) 63
2.6 Rupert Blue (1867 1948). Source: Furman (1973), p. 282 64
2.7 Memorial (US Department of State, Washington, DC), to
honour US Foreign Service officers who lost their lives under
heroic or tragic circumstances. Source: Barnes and Heath
Morgan (1961), opposite p. 227 73
Chapter 3
3.1 Causative microbiological agents of the six diseases. Sources:
Myrvik and Weiser (1988), fig. 15.2, p. 245; Ramsay and Emond
(1978), fig. 106, p. 262; Ramsay and Emond (1978), fig. 42, p. 80;
Sherris (1990), fig. 16.3, p. 297; Myrvik and Weiser (1988),
fig. 27.1, p. 379, left; Sherris (1990), fig. 23.3, p. 410 90
Chapter 7
7.1 The Expanded Programme on Immunization. Source: Dr John
Clements, Expanded Programme on Immunization, World Health
Organization, Geneva 377
viii
Figures
Chapter 1
1.1 Definition of an epidemic in terms of reported and expected
deaths. Source: Cliff, Haggett, and Ord (1986), fig. 2.6, p. 22 page 4
1.2 Annual mortality and morbidity from major infectious and
parasitic diseases in the United States in the mid 1980s.
Source: drawn from data in Bennett, Holmberg, Rogers, and
Solomon (1987), pp. 102 10; tab. 1, pp. 104 7 10
1.3 Spread of the Black Death, 1347 1352. Source: Brock (1990),
fig. 1.1, p. 5 15
1.4 Growth of the scientific literature on infectious diseases.
Source: Cliff, Haggett, and Smallman Raynor (1993), fig. 1.7,
p. 10 24
1.5 Annual mortality figures for an infectious disease, London,
1600 1850. Source: Cliff, Haggett, and Smallman Raynor (1993),
fig. 3.4, p. 57 27
1.6 The International Classification of Diseases 29
1.7 Disease data 34
1.8 Historical trends for infectious disease mortality, England and
Wales, 1851 1960. Source: Ramsay and Emond (1978), fig. 83,
p. 181 35
1.9 Organisation of the book 39
Chapter 2
2.1 Number and tonnage of foreign vessels entering the United
States, 1850 1900. Source: data from US Department of the
Treasury, Bureau of Statistics (1850 1900) 45
2.2 Deaths on voyages from foreign ports to the United States, July
1883 June 1894. Source: data from US Marine Hospital Service
(1883 94) 46
2.3 International connectivity of the United States. Sources: US
ix
x List of figures
Department of the Treasury, Bureau of Statistics (1890), tab. 83,
pp. 1000 1; US Department of the Treasury, Bureau of
Navigation (1901), appendix O, pp. 382 3; US Department of
the Treasury, Bureau of Statistics (1891), tab. 63, opposite
p. 1174; Cobh Heritage Museum, Cobh, Ireland 47
2.4 Estimated steamship sailing times to the United States from
fifty six foreign ports. Sources: data from US Department of the
Treasury, Bureau of Navigation (1901), appendix N, pp. 361 81;
US Department of the Treasury, Bureau of Statistics (1891),
tab. 63, opposite p. 1174 48
2.5 Levels of foreign immigration, United States, 1820 1900.
Source: adapted from Keely (1979), fig. 1, p. 13 50
2.6 Critical dates in the development of disease surveillance in US
public health records, 1798 1912 51
2.7 Growth of the US consular service, 1790 1930. Source: data from
Barnes and Heath Morgan (1961), appendix 4, tab. B, p. 350 54
2.8 Typical structure of an issue of the Weekly Abstract, circa 1900 61
2.9 Number of cities for which mortality reports were published in
the Weekly Abstract, 1887 1912 65
2.10 Location of US consulates and commercial agencies in operation
in 1888. Source: US Department of State (1889) 66
2.11 Location of US consulates and commercial agencies submitting
mortality reports in 1893. Source: US Department of State (1893) 68
2.12 Number of cities recording mortality for six of the most
commonly reported infectious diseases 69
2.13 Estimated completeness of mortality reporting for twenty eight
cities recorded in the Weekly Abstract, by quarter, 1887 1912 78
2.14 Completeness of mortality reporting in Baltimore, 1887 1912 81
Chapter 3
3.1 Incubation periods and periods of communicability for each of
the six diseases 94
3.2 Stages in the selection of cities from the mortality tables of the
Weekly Abstract 103
3.3 Rank size distributions, 1888 and 1912 108
3.4 Changes in population size of the 100 world cities, 1888 1912 109
3.5 Geographical distribution of the 100 cities 112
3.6 Geographical distribution of cities on a map projection
constructed on the basis of the ranks of city longitude and
latitude 114
3.7 Relationship between temperature range and average annual
temperature for the 100 cities with regression line plotted 115
3.8 The coverage rate for infectious disease reporting 123
List of figures xi
3.9 Frequency distribution analysis of time series 124
3.10 S I regions for the 100 cities 126
3.11 City locations in the hulls of figure 3.10 on a disease by disease
basis 129
Chapter 4
4.1 Schematic model of factors affecting levels of mortality.
Source: Woods and Woodward (1984), fig. 1.1, p. 21; reproduced
with kind permission of Professor Robert Woods 136
4.2 Cause specific influences on mortality decline, England and
Wales, 1848 1854 to 1901. Source: Woods and Woodward (1984),
fig. 1.4, p. 29; reproduced with kind permission of Professor
Robert Woods. 140
4.3 World mortality from all causes, 1887 1912 141
4.4 World mortality from diphtheria, 1887 1912 142
4.5 World mortality from enteric fever, 1887 1912 143
4.6 World mortality from measles, 1887 1912 144
4.7 World mortality from scarlet fever, 1887 1912 145
4.8 World mortality from tuberculosis, 1887 1912 146
4.9 World mortality from whooping cough, 1887 1912 147
4.10 Time series decomposition: death rates per 100,000 population
from diphtheria, 1888 1912 153
4.11 The crisis hypothesis 156
4.12 The crisis hypothesis: global patterns 157
4.13 Rank size distributions, 1887 and 1912 161
4.14 Six marker diseases: global variations in disease intensity 162
4.15 A generalised model of McKeown s interpretation of the reasons
for the decline of mortality in late nineteenth century England
and Wales. Source: Woods and Woodward (1984), fig. 1.5, p. 30;
reproduced with kind permission of Professor Robert Woods 164
4.16 Death rates and level of economic development in the 100 world
cities 167
4.17 Eighty five world cities: biplots of principal component scores
and loadings for disease mortality rates and variability of six
marker diseases, 1888 1912 169
4.18 The 100 world cities: biplots of principal component scores and
loadings for eleven possible explanatory variables to account for
mortality rates and variability of six marker diseases, 1888 1912 172
4.19 The 100 world cities: main effects plots for analysis of variance
of regression trend coefficients for all causes and six marker
diseases against eleven categorical variables 176
4.20 The 100 world cities: interaction plots for analysis of variance of
regression trend coefficients for all causes and six marker diseases 178
xii List of figures
4.21 World disease patterns, 1888 1912: autocorrelation and partial
autocorrelation functions for monthly time series of reported
deaths per 100,000 population from all causes and six infectious
diseases 181
4.22 World disease patterns, 1888 1912: time series cross correlations 184
Chapter 5
5.1 Mortality decline: world regions 193
5.2 The crisis hypothesis at the scale of world regions, I: time trends,
1888 1912, in death rates per 100,000 population for all causes
and six marker diseases 195
5.3 The crisis hypothesis at the scale of world regions, II: time trends
in ten world regions, 1888 1912, in death rates per 100,000
population for all causes and six marker diseases 197
5.4 The big city hypothesis: world regions 199
5.5 Ninety one world cities: hemispherical contrasts in measles
seasonality 201
5.6 Monthly variations in deaths per 100,000 population for six
marker diseases and all causes, 1888 1912 203
5.7 Hemispherical contrasts in deaths per 100,000 population for six
marker diseases, 1888 1912 204
5.8 Ninety seven world cities: regional variations in diphtheria
seasonality 206
5.9 The 100 world cities: regional variations in the seasonal incidence
of enteric and scarlet fevers 207
5.10 The 100 world cities: environmental controls on seasonality 210
5.11 The 100 world cities: principal components analysis of
environmental controls on the seasonal incidence of mortality 214
5.12 Construction of biproportionate scores 216
5.13 Biproportionate scores, 1888 1912, based on reported deaths per
100,000 population: temporal contrasts in intensity of deaths
from all causes across ten world regions 218
5.14 Biproportionate scores, 1888 1912, based on reported deaths per
100,000 population: temporal contrasts in intensity of deaths
from each of six marker diseases across ten world regions 219
5.15 Biproportionate scores, 1888 1912, based on reported deaths per
100,000 population: temporal contrasts on a regional basis in the
intensity of deaths for six marker diseases and all causes 222
5.16 Regional multidimensional scaling (MDS) for all causes 227
5.17 Regional multidimensional scaling (MDS) for six marker diseases 228
5.18 Regional multidimensional scaling (MDS) for average disease
behaviour on deaths from all causes and six marker diseases
combined 230
5.19 MDS clusters for average disease behaviour 231
List of figures xiii
5.20 MDS analysis of time changes in average disease behaviour of ten
world regions between 1888 1899 and 1900 1912 233
5.21 Inter regional spread of disease 235
Chapter 6
6.1 London, England: death rates per 100,000, 1888 1912 243
6.2 New York, USA: death rates per 100,000, 1888 1912 245
6.3 Paris, France: death rates per 100,000, 1888 1912 247
6.4 Berlin, Germany: death rates per 100,000, 1888 1912 249
6.5 Vienna, Austria Hungary: death rates per 100,000, 1888 1912 250
6.6 St Petersburg, Russia: death rates per 100,000, 1888 1912 252
6.7 Chicago, USA: death rates per 100,000, 1888 1912 254
6.8 Philadelphia, USA: death rates per 100,000, 1888 1912 255
6.9 Moscow, Russia: death rates per 100,000, 1888 1912 257
6.10 Bombay, India: death rates per 100,000, 1888 1912 259
6.11 City cycles: power spectra of the time series illustrated in figures
6.1 6.10 for selected cities and diseases 261
6.12 United States cities 271
6.13 Diffusion of cholera, US cities, in the epidemics of 1832,
1849, and 1866. Source: based on illustrations in Pyle (1969), figs,
la, 2a, and 3a, pp. 66, 70, and 73. Figs la, 2a, and 3a from
Diffusion of cholera in the United States , by G. F. Pyle,
Geographical Analysis, vol. 1, no. 1 (January 1969), are reprinted
by permission. © Ohio State University Press. All rights reserved. 273
6.14 Diphtheria, North America, 1888 1912 275
6.15 Diphtheria, North America, 1888 1912: autocorrelation (ACF)
and partial autocorrelation functions (PACF) for spatial
autocorrelation coefficients of figure 6.14 when treated as time
series 276
6.16 Diphtheria, North America, 1888 1912: relationship between
corresponding ACF and PACF values for the autocorrelation
coefficient, /, and monthly death rates per 100,000 population 277
6.17 Diphtheria, North America, 1888 1912: cross correlation charts
between spatial autocorrelation values, /, and reported death
rates per 100,000 population 278
6.18 North America, 1888 1912: time changes in the importance of
nearest neighbour and population hierarchy graphs for disease
diffusion 281
6.19 US cities: mean time lags to infection calculated over the six
marker diseases 283
6.20 United States: average time lags to infection in months,
1888 1912 285
6.21 United States: deaths from tuberculosis, 1888 1912, as an
entropy response surface 289
xiv List of figures
6.22 Cities in the British Isles 298
6.23 British Isles, 1888 1912: time changes in the importance of
nearest neighbour and population size hierarchy graphs for
disease diffusion 299
6.24 British Isles: average time lags to infection in months, 1888 1912 301
6.25 Average time lags, ten world regions 304
6.26 Some atypical time series 309
Chapter 7
7.1 Trends in diphtheria mortality in the developed world,
1901 1975. Source: based on data in Alderson (1981), tab. 24,
p. 161 319
7.2 Trends in mortality in the developed world for six epidemic
diseases, 1901 1975. Source: based on data in Alderson (1981),
tabs. 1 (p. 113), 17 (p. 147), 21 (p. 155), 24 (p. 161), 25 (p. 164),
33 (p. 182), 178 (p. 475) 320
7.3 Trends in enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) mortality in
the developed world, 1901 1975. Source: based on data in
Alderson (1981), tab. 17, p. 147 322
7.4 Trends in measles mortality in the developed world, 1901 1975.
Source: based on data in Alderson (1981), tab. 33, p. 182 325
7.5 United States measles mortality and morbidity, 1910 1995.
Source: Cliff, Haggett, and Smallman Raynor (1993), figs. 9.2
and 9.3, pp. 220, 224, and new data 326
7.6 Trends in scarlet fever mortality in the developed world,
1901 1975. Source: based on data in Alderson (1981), tab. 21,
p. 155 332
7.7 Trends in pulmonary tuberculosis mortality in the developed
world, 1901 1975. Source: based on data in Alderson (1981),
tab. 1, p. 113 333
7.8 Trends in pulmonary tuberculosis mortality in the developed
world, 1950 1989 334
7.9 Trends in whooping cough mortality in the developed world,
1901 1975. Source: based on data in Alderson (1981), tab. 25,
p. 164 337
7.10 Trends in deaths from all causes in the developed world,
1901 1975. Source: based on data in Alderson (1981), tab. 178,
p. 475 339
7.11 Trends in deaths from all causes in the developed world,
1950 1989 340
7.12 Comparisons of relative changes in disease mortality,
1901 1975 342
7.13 Increased variation in the range of SMR values for six marker
diseases and all causes, 1901 1975 344
List of figures xv
7.14 Intensity of medical writing on the six marker diseases 348
7.15 Measles mortality in the United States, 1960 1988 351
7.16 Time changes in mortality from four diseases (diphtheria,
measles, scarlet fever, and whooping cough), 1930 1990,
attributable to prevention and treatment 352
7.17 Global population growth. Source: Haggett (1995) 355
7.18 Increased spatial mobility of the population of France over a
200 year period, 1800 2000. Source: Haggett (1994), fig. 7.4,
p. 101; based on data in Grubler and Nakicenovic (1991) 358
7.19 Relative threats posed by communicable diseases to travellers
in tropical areas. Source: World Health Organization (1995a),
fig. 7.1, p. 56 359
7.20 Simplified model of control strategies for an infection process.
Source: Cliff, Haggett, and Smallman Raynor (1993), fig. 16.1,
p. 414 365
7.21 Conceptual view of spread of a communicable disease (measles)
in communities of different population sizes. Source: Cliff and
Haggett (1988), fig. 6.5A, p. 246 367
7.22 Schematic diagram of four spatial and aspatial control strategies
to prevent epidemic spread. Source: Cliff, Haggett, and
Smallman Raynor (1993), fig. 16.9, p. 423 369
7.23 Predicted effects of widespread measles immunisation.
Source: Cutts (1990), fig. 10, p. 23 371
7.24 Projective modelling of AIDS epidemic in the United States.
Source: Gould (1995), p. 27 372
7.25 Global eradication of smallpox under the WHO Intensified
Programme, 1967 1977. Source: redrawn from maps and graphs
in Fenner, Henderson, Arita, Jesek, and Ladnyi (1988), fig. 10.4,
plates 10.42 10.51, pp. 516 37 374
7.26 World incidence of indigenous poliomyelitis in 1993.
Source: map included in pamphlet, WHO (1995b) 380
Tables
Chapter 1
1.1 Transmission of infections. Source: modified from A. S. Evans
(1982), tab. 3, p. 10 page 6
1.2 Communicable diseases as part of the global health situation
(1993 estimates). Source: WHO (1995c), tab. 1, p. 3 8
1.3 Examples of emerging virus diseases. Source: Haggett (1994),
tab. 1, p. 93; based partly on Morse (1994), tab. 1, p. 326 11
1.4 Examples of epidemic outbreaks in world history 18
1.5 Discoveries of the causes of fifty major human diseases,
1835 1935. Source: modified from Lancaster (1990), tab. 2.3.1,
p. 16; tab. 2.3.2, p. 17 22
1.6 England and Wales: estimates of notification completeness.
Source: Benjamin (1968), p. 171 33
Chapter 2
2.1 Twenty eight sample cities common to the Weekly Abstract and
the Registrar General s Weekly Return 74
2.2 Completeness of mortality statistics in the Weekly Abstract
relative to the Registrar General s Weekly Return, 1887 1912 76
2.3 Coherence of mortality series from the Weekly Abstract and the
Registrar General s Weekly Return 79
2.4 Deaths in Baltimore from selected causes, 1887 1912 80
Chapter 3
3.1 The six marker diseases 89
3.2 A selection of cities excluded from analysis of the Weekly
Abstract 104
3.3 Alphabetical list of the 100 world cities used in this study 105
3.4 Geographical distribution of the 100 cities by country 110
3.5 Total number of reported deaths in 100 world cities, 1888 1912 121
xvi
List of tables xvii
3.6 Correlation between cluster assignments of cities for six diseases
and all causes 131
Chapter 4
4.1 Time trends in global mortality and the mortality decline model 149
4.2 The 100 world cities: regression analysis of death rate intensity
(dependent variable) against log population in 1900 (independent
variable) 163
4.3 The 100 world cities: Pearson correlations between average rank
for death rate intensity and percentage of months with cases
recorded 163
4.4 Impact of economic development upon mortality in the 100
world cities 166
4.5 Eighty five world cities: loadings for three principal components
based on measures of intensity and variability of mortality for
six marker diseases 168
4.6 The 100 world cities: loadings for three principal components
based on eleven possible variables selected to account for
variations in global rates of mortality 171
4.7 Eighty five world cities and six marker diseases: canonical
correlation weights between component scores for disease variables
(dependent variables) against component scores for
environmental and cultural variables (explanatory variables) 174
Chapter 5
5.1 Alphabetical list of the 100 cities by world region 188
5.2 Summary characteristics for all causes and six marker diseases in
ten world regions, 1887 1912 190
5.3 Impact of temperature upon regional variations in the
seasonality of disease 209
5.4 The 100 world cities: variable loadings on leading principal
component for indices of seasonality 212
5.5 The 100 world cities: loadings of environmental variables on first
two principal components 213
5.6 Biproportionate scores: hypothetical data for two regions and
five time periods 217
5.7 Regional MDS scaling 229
Chapter 6
6.1 United States cities: data record by city and disease for persistent
cities, 1888 1912, in the Weekly Abstract 264
6.2 North America: marker diseases, 1888 1912 279
6.3 Spatial autocorrelation among United States cities 291
xvm i^tsi oj taoies
6.4 British Isles cities: data record by city and disease for persistent
cities, 1888 1912, in the Weekly Abstract 293
6.5 Spatial autocorrelation among British cities 302
6.6 Average time lags by cities in ten world regions 306
6.7 Average time lags by disease in ten world regions 308
Chapter 7
7.1 Measles in the United States, 1960 1990 327
7.2 Measles in the United States, 1960 1980. Source: Frank,
Orenstein, Bart, Bart, El Tantawy, David, and Hinman (1985),
tab. 2, p. 883 330
7.3 Some major twentieth century microbiological advances with
implications for the six marker diseases 346
7.4 Geographical changes and virus emergence. Source: Haggett
(1994), tab. 2, p. 97; based partly on Morse (1994), tab. 3, p. 330 354
7.5 Critical population sizes for endemicity of selected infectious
diseases. Source: partly from Cliff and Haggett (1990), tab. 1,
p. 98 368
7.6 Target diseases in the WHO Expanded Programme on
Immunization. Source: WHO, Global Programme for Vaccines
and Immunization (1995); based on data in tabs. 1 3, pp. 2 5 378
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| id | DE-604.BV011884015 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:17:57Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521472660 052147860X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008029040 |
| oclc_num | 37239015 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-578 |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-578 |
| physical | XXIII, 469 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1998 |
| publishDateSearch | 1998 |
| publishDateSort | 1998 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Cambridge studies in historical geography |
| series2 | Cambridge studies in historical geography |
| spelling | Cliff, Andrew D. Verfasser aut Deciphering global epidemics analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities ; 1888 - 1912 Andrew Cliff ; Peter Haggett ; Matthew Smallman-Raynor Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 1998 XXIII, 469 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge studies in historical geography 26 Geschichte 1888-1912 gnd rswk-swf Epidemieën gtt Mortalité Santé urbaine Steden gtt Épidémiologie Stadt Disease Outbreaks Epidemiology Mortality Urban Health Urban health Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 gnd rswk-swf Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd rswk-swf Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 s Geschichte 1888-1912 z DE-604 Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 s Haggett, Peter 1933- Sonstige (DE-588)119283166 oth Smallman-Raynor, Matthew Sonstige (DE-588)170836835 oth Cambridge studies in historical geography 26 (DE-604)BV000005439 26 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008029040&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cliff, Andrew D. Deciphering global epidemics analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities ; 1888 - 1912 Cambridge studies in historical geography Epidemieën gtt Mortalité Santé urbaine Steden gtt Épidémiologie Stadt Disease Outbreaks Epidemiology Mortality Urban Health Urban health Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 gnd Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020235-5 (DE-588)4137380-7 (DE-588)4056723-0 |
| title | Deciphering global epidemics analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities ; 1888 - 1912 |
| title_auth | Deciphering global epidemics analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities ; 1888 - 1912 |
| title_exact_search | Deciphering global epidemics analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities ; 1888 - 1912 |
| title_full | Deciphering global epidemics analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities ; 1888 - 1912 Andrew Cliff ; Peter Haggett ; Matthew Smallman-Raynor |
| title_fullStr | Deciphering global epidemics analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities ; 1888 - 1912 Andrew Cliff ; Peter Haggett ; Matthew Smallman-Raynor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deciphering global epidemics analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities ; 1888 - 1912 Andrew Cliff ; Peter Haggett ; Matthew Smallman-Raynor |
| title_short | Deciphering global epidemics |
| title_sort | deciphering global epidemics analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities 1888 1912 |
| title_sub | analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities ; 1888 - 1912 |
| topic | Epidemieën gtt Mortalité Santé urbaine Steden gtt Épidémiologie Stadt Disease Outbreaks Epidemiology Mortality Urban Health Urban health Geomedizin (DE-588)4020235-5 gnd Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Epidemieën Mortalité Santé urbaine Steden Épidémiologie Stadt Disease Outbreaks Epidemiology Mortality Urban Health Urban health Geomedizin Epidemie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008029040&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000005439 |
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