Motor vehicle accidents:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia
Hanley & Belfus
1998
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Physical medicine and rehabilitation
12,1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 164 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: State of the Art Reviews
Vol. 12, No. 1, February 1998
MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS
Ted A. Lennard, MD, and D. Wayne Brooks, MD
CONTENTS
Preface ix
Ted A. Lennard and D. Wayne Brooks
Overview of Motor Vehicle Accident Statistics and
Insurance Claims 1
Thomas B. Corsolini and D. Wayne Brooks
The National Safety Council publishes an annual report on accidents that in¬
cludes statistical data on motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). The Insurance
Research Council publishes data reflecting the national trends in MVA insurance
claims. This article summarizes key data from both, including information on
types of MVAs, age of drivers involved in MVAs, attorney involvement in
MVAs, and fraud and buildup.
Impact Biomechanics and Traffic Crashes 11
Murray Mackay
This chapter provides insight into how road users are injured in traffic crashes. The
frequency of various types of collisions that cause serious injuries to vehicle occu¬
pants is highlighted. Occupant kinematics and injury mechanisms are described for
each crash configuration for restrained and unrestrained occupants. Cyclist, motor¬
cyclist, and pedestrian kinematics and the frequency of injuries to these road users
are also covered.
The Physics of Car Crashes and the Role of Vehicle Size
and Weight in Occupant Protection 23
Brian O Neill
To prevent future vehicle designs from sacrificing occupant safety for fuel effi¬
ciency, it is essential to consider the physics of car crashes. This article demon¬
strates the important role that the physics of car weight and size play in occupant
safety. Crush distance is the most important safety factor, and it does not inherently
conflict with greater fuel efficiency. Heavier vehicles, which are not as fuel effi¬
cient, protect some occupants in a two vehicle collision, but often at the expense of
those in the lighter vehicle. The author shows that cars with added crush distance
can provide increased protection for all involved in MVAs but lobbies for new
strategies to put safety in vehicle design first.
iii
iv Contents
Current and Future Occupant Restraint Systems 29
Murray Mackay, A. M. Hassan, and J. R. Hill
When worn correctly, current vehicle restraint systems have been proven to effec¬
tively protect occupants. However, as usage increases, the limitations of current
systems can be better defined. The authors consider how future design of restraint
systems should take into account variations in biomechanical tolerance, sitting po¬
sitions, and crash severity to optimize occupant protection.
Pathophysiology of Spinal Trauma in Motor Vehicle Accidents 38
Robert D. Gruber, Kenneth P. Botwin, Constantine G. Bouchlas,
and Francisco M. Torres
This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the current literature on motor ve¬
hicular trauma of the spine and associated soft tissues. The authors begin with basic
clinical spinal biomechanics and then discuss various spinal tissue tolerances and
intolerances when the spine is subject to acceleration deceleration types of trauma.
The influence of passive restraint systems is reviewed in relation to their increasing
role in the causation of morbidity and mortality in MVAs. Finally, the authors
review the literature describing the pathophysiology of the tissues subject to injury
in the acceleration deceleration mechanism accident.
Posttraumatic Myofascial Pain Syndrome 73
M. Carl Covey
The author formulates a systematic approach to the recognition, treatment, and
management of post MVA muscle pain and posttraumatic myofascial pain syn¬
drome (MPS). The author outlines how early diagnosis and relatively simple thera¬
peutic procedures can relieve the condition before MPS develops into continued
pain and disability. Pathophysiology, trigger points, and medical management of
patients who present late with MPS are also covered.
Neuromuscular Sequelae of Postconcussion Syndrome and
Posttraumatic Headache that Result from Mild Traumatic
Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review 85
Michael G. Shell, David L. Reinhard, Robert E. Irvin, and Thomas Curtin
In most cases, posttraumatic headache, postconcussive symptoms, and muscu
loskeletal pain complaints from MVAs improve over time. However, a few patients
continue to complain of symptoms 1 year after injury. The authors review common
sequelae of postconcussion syndrome and discuss pharmacologic and physical
modes of treatment. A novel model is described for correction of musculoskeletal
restrictions that perpetuate chronic cranial and musculoskeletal discomfort due to
postural stress.
Extremity Trauma in Motor Vehicle Accidents 99
Ashok Kumar, Ted A. Lennard, and Anthony Margherita
Extremity trauma is often a significant component of MVA injuries. This chapter
details the factors that affect extremity trauma, the mechanisms of injury, and spe¬
cific injuries, including carpal tunnel syndrome. Pediatric injury and rehabilitation
are also presented.
Contents v
Psychological Morbidity following Motor Vehicle Accidents Ill
Jerry R. DeVore
The physical morbidity associated with MVAs has been well recognized. Although
there is less recognition and acceptance of psychological morbidity following
MVAs, a range of psychopathology has been documented. Posttraumatic stress dis¬
order is one of the most common but, as the author shows, not the only psy
chopathological condition that may develop. This article discusses the
epidemiology of psychopathology following MVAs, assessment roles and strate¬
gies, and treatment options.
Neuropsychological Issues following Motor Vehicle Accidents 133
Thomas Blansett, Troy Martinez, and Dale Halfaker
This chapter provides an introduction to neuropsychological assessment proce¬
dures, assessment findings common to MVAs, and a review of current techniques
used by neuropsychologists when evaluating adult brain injuries resulting from
MVAs. Mild traumatic brain injury and postconcussion syndrome, emotional issues
following MVAs, and dissimulation and symptom magnification are examined.
The Elderly Driver: Who Should Continue to Drive? 147
Florian S. Keplinger
As the number of elderly drivers increases, the competence of the elderly to drive
becomes a growing concern for health care providers and caregivers. The author
examines the literature that addresses the factors that affect the elderly person s dri¬
ving skills, addresses the assessment of these skills, and provides guidelines for de¬
termining who should continue to drive.
Acknowledging the Lawyer s Role in Assisting the Injured Patient 155
Kirk A. Bowman
The primary purpose of this chapter is to explain to physicians how lawyers can
assist an injured patient while bringing less complication to the doctor and better
care to the patient. The author presents five examples that are based on actual
clients with both medical and legal needs who were represented by the author over
the past two years. The five scenarios illustrate most issues that arise in liability
law. This chapter is limited to liability cases, where the responsible party pays for
the damage, and does not cover statutory law, which includes workers compensa¬
tion and wrongful death cases.
Index 163
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