Commercial agreements and competition law: practice and procedure in the UK and EC
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Kluwer Law Internat.
1997
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | CXXVII, 992 S. |
| ISBN: | 9041108688 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV011805365 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 00000000000000.0 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 980303s1997 |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9041108688 |9 90-411-0868-8 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)264038685 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV011805365 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakddb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-739 |a DE-M382 |a DE-188 | ||
| 084 | |a PS 3760 |0 (DE-625)139788: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Green, Nicholas |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Commercial agreements and competition law |b practice and procedure in the UK and EC |c Nicholas Green and Aidan Robertson |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Kluwer Law Internat. |c 1997 | |
| 300 | |a CXXVII, 992 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Europäische Gemeinschaften |0 (DE-588)35439-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wettbewerbsrecht |0 (DE-588)4121924-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen |0 (DE-588)4001276-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Großbritannien |0 (DE-588)4022153-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Großbritannien |0 (DE-588)4022153-2 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen |0 (DE-588)4001276-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Europäische Gemeinschaften |0 (DE-588)35439-9 |D b |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Wettbewerbsrecht |0 (DE-588)4121924-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Robertson, Aidan |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007970658&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007970658 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126350035910656 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Tables of cases xxvii
English decisions xxvii
Cases on Register of Restrictive Trade Practices xxxix
Cases on Exempt Register of Restrictive Trade Practices xlii
Informal OFT investigations xliii
OFT investigations under the Competition Act 1980 xliv
Cases considered by the DTI under ICTA 1988 s.568 xlv
Reports of MMC xlv
Decisions in other national courts xlviii
European decisions—EC Commission and ECJ li
Tables of Primary Legislation lxxxi
UK Statutes lxxxi
Treaty of Rome xciii
Treaty of Paris xcvii
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works xcvii
Tables of Secondary Legislation xcviii
Statutory Instruments xcviii
EEC Directives and Decisions cii
EEC Regulations ciii
Bibliography cxiii
Principal Statutory Provisions cxvii
Foreword cxxvii
v
vi Contents
PARTI PROCEDURE
Chapter 1 Agreements Registrable under the RTPA 1976 3
A. Introduction 3
B. Agreements caught by the legislation 4
1. Sections 6 and 11 RTPA 1976—words and phrases defined 4
C. Section 6 RTPA 1976: goods agreements which must be registered 24
D. Section 11 RTPA 1976: services agreements which must be
registered: S.I. 1976 No. 98, the Services Order 26
E. Provisions to be disregarded in determining registrability:
sections 9 and 18 RTPA 1976 28
1. Section 9 RTPA 1976: goods 29
2. Section 18 RTPA 1976: services 40
F. The registrability of information agreements 42
G. Trade associations and registrability 42
H. Informal, parallel behaviour: complex monopolies 43
I. Check list for determining registrability 45
Chapter 2 Agreements not Registrable under the RTPA 1976 47
A. Introduction 47
B. Agreements important to the national economy: section 29 RTPA 1976 48
1. The conditions for exemption: section 29(2) 49
2. Types of exemptible agreement 54
3. Form and extent of the exemption 54
4. Section 29 agreements and EC law 55
5. Beneficial agreements not large enough to gain section 29
exemption 56
6. Variation of agreements approved under section 29 RTPA 1976:
section 29(5A) (5H) and (6B) 56
C. Section 30 RTPA 1976: agreements holding prices down 58
D. Section 32 RTPA 1976: wholesale co operative societies 61
E. Section 33 RTPA 1976: agricultural, forestry and fisheries associations 62
1. Section 33: details 62
2. Other relevant statutory exemptions and provisions in agriculture 63
F. Section 34 RTPA 1976: authorisations under the ECSC Treaty: coal and
steel agreements 64
G. Service agreements exempt from control 65
Contents vii
1. Schedule 1, RTPA 1976: professional services exempt from
registration 65
2. Paras. 2 10, Schedule to the Restrictive Trade Practices (Services)
Order 1976 S.I. 1976 No. 98 71
H. Schedule 3, para. 1: rationalisation schemes and agreements for
statutory purposes 76
1. Rationalisation schemes 76
2. Restrictive agreements expressly authorised by an enactment,
scheme or order 77
I. Exclusive Dealing and Purchasing Agreements: Schedule 3, paras. 2
and 7 RTPA 1976 91
1. Interpretation 91
2. Clarification of meaning of description in Schedule 3, para. 2(b) 95
3. Mutual exclusive dealing: whether excluded or not? 96
4. Examples of exempt restrictions 97
5. Overlapping exemptions and drafting problems: possible solutions 98
J. Know how agreements concerning goods and services: Schedule 3,
paras. 3 and 8 RTPA 1976 98
K. Trade mark agreements: Schedule 3(4) RTPA 1976 101
1. Certification trade marks 101
2. Collective trade marks 101
3. Trade mark licences 102
L. Patents, copyrights and design right: Schedule 3, paras. 5, 5A and 5B 103
1. Patents and registered designs: Schedule 3, para. 5(1)—(3) 103
2. Patent pools and registered design pools: Schedule 3,
para. 5(4) (8) 105
3. Copyright agreements: Schedule 3, para. 5A RTPA 1976 106
4. Design right agreements: Schedule 3, para. 5B RTPA 1976 108
5. The Ravenseft doctrine: licensing agreements may not be
restrictive 109
6. Position where agreement overlaps two different exemptions in
Schedule 3 114
M. Agreements with overseas operation only: Schedule 3, paras. 6 and 9 114
N. Crown agreements 116
O. Restrictive covenants in leases and other property agreements: the
Ravenseft doctrine 117
1. Basis of the Ravenseft doctrine 118
2. Conditions for determining registrability 119
viii Contents
3. Agreement likely to be registrable 119
4. Competition Act 1980: overlap 121
P. Agreements with disregardable restrictions 121
Q. Sale of business agreements: non competition clauses 121
R. Restrictive Trade Practices (Non Notifiable Agreements) (Turnover
Threshold) Order 1996: the £20 million aggregate turnover threshold 122
S. Restrictive Trade Practices (Non Notifiable Agreements) (EC Block
Exemptions) Order 1996 126
Chapter 3 Anti Competitive Practices: Practice and Procedure
under the Competition Act 1980 130
A. Introduction 130
B. Anti competitive practices : summary of regulatory procedure 131
C. Anti competitive practices: definitions, examples 132
1. Business 132
2. Course of conduct 133
3. Restricting, distorting or preventing competition 134
4. Person , and, Of itself or when taken together with a course of
conduct pursued by persons associated with him 137
5. Anti competitive practice 137
6. Services 144
7. Goods 145
D. Anti competitive practices: exclusions from the Act 145
1. Anti Competitive Practices (Exclusion) Order 1980 146
2. Courses of conduct caught by RTPA 1976 148
3. Courses of conduct excluded by other statutes 149
4. Exercise of OFT s CA 1980 powers by other regulators 149
5. Government bodies (Crown immunity) and local authorities
(tendering practices) 150
E. Anti competitive practices: the investigation procedure 151
1. Stage 1: complaints to the OFT 151
2. Stage 2: investigation 152
3. Conduct by OFT of investigation 154
4. Stage 3: negotiation of undertakings and assurances 155
5. Stage 4: the competition reference 159
6. Stage 5: Monopolies and Mergers Commission: investigation
and report 161
7. Stage 6: Post MMC undertakings and orders 165
F. Investigation of public bodies 166
Contents jx
G. Investigation of prices of major public concern 169
H. Confidentiality in OFT and MMC reports 169
I. Assessment of competition by OFT and MMC 170
J. Summary: check list for determining whether Competition
Act 1980 applies 175
Chapter 4 Registration and Negotiation of Restrictive Trading
Agreements 176
A. Introduction 176
B. Registration of agreements: procedure and practice 177
1. The duty to register 177
2. Details of registration process 184
3. Variation and termination of agreement 189
4. Time limits for registration 190
5. Extensions of time for registration 192
6. Strategy in respect of failure to register 192
7. Informal consultations with the OFT 193
8. Registration of dubious agreements 193
9. Summary of registration rules 195
10. Registration of Orders of the RPC 197
C. The Register: problems with confidential information 197
1. Contents of the register 198
2. The special section 199
3. Protecting confidential and secret information 199
D. Powers of the OFT to obtain information 201
1. OFT notices 201
2. When a notice may be issued: reasonable cause , OFT practice 201
3. Examination on oath before the Court 204
4. Failure to furnish correct information: penalties 205
E. The section 21 RTPA 1976 procedure: negotiations with the OFT 205
1. Legal context 205
2. Relevant statistics: enforcement trends 207
3. The application of EC rules: partial safety for parties 207
F. Modification and abandonment of agreements: options available to
parties 208
1. Termination and abandonment 208
2. Termination, registration and novation 210
x Contents
3. Agreements filleted of all relevant restrictions 210
4. Effluxion of time: expired agreements 212
G. Negotiations under section 21(2): dispensation from reference to the
Court 212
1. The relevance of public interest arguments in determining
significance 212
2. De minimis: small scale agreements and significance 214
3. Reasonableness, the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977: the
Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1994 and
significance 214
4. Discrimination, unfairness and significance 215
5. Consumer choice and significance 216
6. Section 21(2) applies to the significance of the restriction and
not the agreement 217
7. Summary of significance in section 21(2) 217
H. OFT procedure for evaluation of agreements 218
1. Prima facie examination to determine registrability 218
2. Worst restrictions first 219
3. Negotiations and third parties submissions 219
4. Negotiating modifications to agreements 220
5. Representation by the OFT to the Secretary of State 220
6. Directions given by the Secretary of State 221
7. Post direction monitoring by the OFT: section 21(3) 221
8. Time 223
Chapter 5 Court Proceedings in UK Law 225
A. Introduction 225
B. Proceedings brought by the Director General: general survey of
court orders 226
1. Persons subject to court orders 226
2. Nature of the court order: injunctions and undertakings 227
3. Nature of the court order: prohibition of agreements to the
like effect 228
4. Interim orders 230
5. Variations to the agreement and court orders 232
6. Variations of the court s decisions 232
C. Defending Restrictive Agreements before the Restrictive Practices Court 234
1. Introduction 234
2. Sections 10(l)(a) and 19(l)(a): protection of public against injury 235
Contents xi
3. Section 10(l)(b) and 19(l)(b): restrictions confer public
benefits and advantages 237
4. Sections 10(l)(c) and 19(l)(c): defensive measures and self
protection cartels 242
5. Sections 10(l)(d) and 19(l)(d): countervailing power cartels or
agreements 244
6. Sections 10(l)(e) and 19(l)(e): serious and adverse effect on
unemployment in an area 248
7. Sections 10(l)(f) and 19(l)(f): exports and the balance of payments 249
8. Sections 10(l)(g) and 19(l)(g): restriction required to support
other acceptable restriction 250
9. Sections 10(l)(h) and 19(l)(h): de minimis, minimal effect upon
competition ^ 251
10. The balancing tailpiece 251
11. Variations to agreements approved by the Restrictive Practices
Court: minor variations orders 255
D. Restraining orders under section 35(3) RTPA 1976: proceeding
commenced by the Director General against unregistered agreements 256
E. Proceedings for contempt of court against parties to agreements who
breach court orders 259
1. Legal context 259
2. Conduct that is forbidden: meaning of giving effect to,
or enforcing purporting to enforce 260
3. General nature of contempt actions 261
4. Companies liability for contempt: liability for acts of directors,
managers and employees 262
5. Factors for presentation to the court: mitigation 264
6. Monitoring systems: avoiding contempt 266
7. Contempt and mergers, take overs and transference of
obligations 268
F. Actions commenced by parties or the Director General for a
declaration as to the registrability of an agreement 269
1. Rectification of register 269
2. Declaration of registrability 269
3. Extension of time for furnishing of particulars pending section 26
proceedings 270
4. Notice of application under section 26 271
G. Action by parties to an agreement for a declaration that the agreement
is registrable: using the consequences of failure to furnish particulars 271
H. Private actions for damages: failure to register agreements, resale
price maintenance, breach of Competition Act ministerial orders 273
1. Legal context 273
2. Negotiated settlements 274
xii Contents
3. Quantifying damages 275
4. Breach of an order made under the Competition Act 1980 276
I. Criminal law proceedings for conspiracy to defraud 277
J. Enforcement of section 36 Notices: section 37—court s power to
order examination on oath 277
K. Offences in connection with registration under section 36 278
L. Stays of proceedings of the RPC: inter relationship of UK and EC
competition law 279
1. Jurisdiction 280
2. Nature of the discretion 281
3. Factors affecting discretion 281
4. Examples 282
M. Judicial review of the Director General of Fair Trading, the MMC and
the Secretary of State 286
1. Legal context of action for judicial review 286
2. Informal investigations into firm s behaviour 287
3. Decisions to investigate anti competitive practices by the
Director General 288
4. The conduct of formal investigations 288
5. Decisions of the Secretary of State 288
6. The attitude of the courts towards judicial review in
competition cases 289
Chapter 6 Agreements and Trade Association Practices Caught by
European Competition Law 291
A. Introduction 291
B. Forms ofjoint conduct caught by Article 85 EC 291
1. Agreements between undertakings 292
2. Decisions by associations of undertakings 296
3. Whether a group of companies is a single undertaking 296
4. Concerted practices 299
5. Public bodies, quangos and Article 90 303
C. Proving an effect on trade between the Member States 306
1. May affect : meaning 306
2. Trade : meaning 308
3. Between Member States : meaning 309
4. De minimis: insignificant agreements 309
5. Agreements between non EC parties 311
6. Agreements affecting the European Economic Area (EEA) 312
Contents xiii
7. Agreements affecting states which have signed Europe Agreements 313
D. The object or effect of an agreement 313
1. Approach of Commission 314
E. Prevention, restriction or distortion of competition 315
1. Prevent, restrict, distort 315
2. Competition : notion of workable competition 315
3. Unworthy competition 316
F. Article 85(2): restrictions automatically void 317
1. Severance of restrictions 317
2. Old and accession agreements: provisional validity 318
3. New agreements 319
4. The consequences of Article 85(2) in national courts:
Euro defences 319
G. Agreements exempted under Article 85(3) 32(1
H. Article 86 EC: abuse of a dominant position 321
1. Definition 321
2. Article 86 EC: difference between dominance and abuse 322
3. Meaning of dominance 322
4. The importance of defining the geographical market 325
5. The importance of defining the product market 326
6. The concept of abuse 328
I. Overlap between EC and UK law 330
1. May affect trade between Member States : overlapping
jurisdiction 331
2. The direct effect of Article 85 and 86 EC: Eurochallenges 333
J. Notification to the European Commission 333
1. Form of notification 333
2. Types of notification 333
3. Why notify: main practical benefits 335
4. Agreements exempt from notification under Article 4(2) of
Regulation 17/62/EEC 337
K. Form A/B: method of notification 341
1. Relevance of Form A/B 341
2. Contents of Form A/B 341
3. Provisional immunity from fines 342
xiv Contents
L. Complaints by third parties: Form C 343
1. Form of complaint 343
Chapter 7 General Enforcement and Negotiations with the
European Commission 347
A. Introduction 347
B. Survey of Commission procedure 348
1. Initiation of procedure by Commission 348
2. Procedure following a complaint 351
3. Investigation and discovery 351
4. Requests for information 351
5. On the spot inspections 353
6. Statement of objections 356
7. The parties written reply: access to Commission file 357
8. Oral hearings 359
9. The Advisory Committee on Restrictive Trade Practices and
Monopolies 361
10. Decisions of the Commission 361
11. Fines, penalties 365
12. Appeals to the Court of First Instance 372
C. The legal basis of formal negotiations: Article 85(3) 374
1. Article 85(3): text 374
2. First positive requirement 375
3. Second positive requirement 378
4. First negative requirement: indispensability 379
5. Second negative requirement: elimination of competition 380
6. Positive elements outweigh negative elements 382
7. Conditional exemption 382
8. Involvement of third parties 383
D. Enforcement in national vourts 383
1. Causes of action 383
2. Remedies 386
E. Overlap between EC and national proceedings 392
1. General principles 393
2. Overlapping remedies 394
3. Evidential overlap 394
F. Negotiating informal settlements with the Commission 395
Contents xv
1. Relevant statistics 395
2. Commencement of negotiations: procedure 395
3. Settlement procedure: good faith undertakings and
suspension of proceedings 397
4. Settlement procedure: comfort letters 399
5. The legal value of comfort letters 401
6. Can the Commission be compelled to settle? Article 175 402
7. Can third parties challenge a settlement? 406
8. Lobbying 407
9. Division of labour in DG IV: the Competition Directorate 407
G. The opposition procedure 408
1. Legal framework 408
2. Details of opposition procedure: how to apply 408
3. When will opposition be raised? 408
4. Commission response 409
5. The opposition procedure in practice 410
PART II COMMERCIAL AGREEMENTS AND TRADE
ASSOCIATION PRACTICES
Chapter 8 Pricing Practices and Restrictions 413
A. Introduction 413
B. Legal framework 414
1. EC law 414
2. UK 415
3. More stipulations as to price: the overlap of sections 6 and 11
and sections 9 and 18 RTPA 417
C. Price fixing simplkiter 419
1. EC law 419
2. Defences: EC law 422
3. The oligopoly defence (parallel conduct or conscious
parallelism): EC law 424
4. UK law 427
D. Discount schemes 432
1. EC law 432
2. UK law 440
E. Price discrimination 447
xvi Contents
1. EC law 448
2. UK law 450
F. Predatory pricing 452
1. Legal and economic context 452
2. Examples of justifiable below cost prices 453
3. Methods of calculated cost 454
4. EC law 456
5. UK law 462
G. Excessive pricing 467
1. EC Law 467
2. UK law 471
H. Resale price maintenance 474
1. EC law 475
2. UK law 479
I. Equalisation of receipts schemes (profit pooling) 488
1. EC law 488
2. UK law 489
J. Delivered pricing (base or parity point pricing) 491
1. Economic framework 491
2. EC law 493
3. UK law 495
K. Cost calculation models 496
1. Nature of model 496
2. EC law 497
3. UK law 500
L. Renegotiation and variation (cost escalation) clauses 500
1. Nature of problem 500
2. EC law 502
3. UK law 502
M. Collusive tendering 505
1. Legal and economic framework 505
2. EC law 508
3. UK law 509
Contents xvll
Chapter 9 The Exchange and Dissemination of Information 512
A. Introduction 5 ] 2
1. Introduction 512
2. Economic background: rules of thumb 513
B. Legal framework 514
1. EC law 514
2. UK law 517
C. Price information exchange agreements 522
1. EC law 523
2. UK law 527
D. Detecting anti competitive price exchanges: EC and UK 530
E. Contract terms and conditions: EC and UK 530
F. General market data 532
1. EC law 532
2. UK law 537
G. Refusal to disclose information 537
1. EC law 538
2. UK law 541
H. Negotiations leading to an agreement between competitors 543
1. EC law 543
2. UK law 545
I. Specimen compliance scheme 54f
Chapter 10 Distribution 548
A. Introduction 548
B. Exclusive distribution agreements in general 548
1. General considerations 549
C. The block exemption for exclusive distribution in EC law 550
1. Introduction: interpretation 551
2. Article 1: basic provision 554
xvin Contents
3. Article 2(1): additional permissible restriction on supplier 558
4. Article 2(2) and (3): permissible restrictions on the dealer 559
5. Article 3: non exempt restrictions: agreements between
competing manufacturers 564
6. Article 3(c): other non exempt restrictions: where no
alternative source of supply exists 570
7. Article 3(d): other non exempt restrictions: where parties
attempt to protect exclusive territory 571
8. Article 6: withdrawal of exemption from automatically
exempt agreements 573
9. Transitional periods: time limits for compliance 574
10. Excluded agreements, beer and petrol supply 575
D. The analysis of exclusive distribution agreements falling outside
the block exemption in EC law 575
1. Market structure: inter brand competition 575
2. Foreclosure 576
3. Parallel imports: export bans 576
4. The free rider problem: protecting promotional investments 583
E. Exclusive dealing in UK law 585
1. Under the RTPA 1976 585
2. Under the Resale Prices Act 1976 586
3. Under the Competition Act 1980 586
F. Exclusive purchasing agreements in general 589
1. General considerations 589
G. The block exemption for exclusive purchasing in EC law 590
1. Introduction: interpretation 592
2. Article 1: basic provision 592
3. Article 2(1): permissible restrictions on supplier,
non competition clauses 594
4. Article 2(2) and (3): permissible restrictions on the dealer 595
5. Article 3(a) and (b): non exempt restrictions: competing
manufacturers agreements 596
6. Article 3(c): non exempt restrictions: clauses tying
together unconnected goods 596
7. Article 3(d): time limits for duration of agreement 597
8. Article 14: withdrawal of exemption from automatically exempt
agreements 597
9. Article 15: transitional periods: time limits for compliance 598
10. Article 16: no overlap with the exclusive dealing regulation 599
11. Article 17: mixed agreements not exempt 599
Contents x;x
12. Exclusive purchasing and beer supply agreements: tied houses,
Articles 6 9 599
13. Exclusive purchasing and petroleum supply agreements: tied
petrol filling stations 607
H. The negotiation of exclusive purchasing agreements falling outside
the block exemption 609
1. Market context 609
2. Foreclosure 610
3. Partial or total restraint 611
4. Duration of the agreement 612
5. Whether tie expressed as fixed volume or as a proportion of
dealer s total requirements 612
6. Whether agreement designed to allow market entry or
expansion 613
7. The inclusion of English clauses 613
8. Where both parties are in the same Member State 614
I. Exclusive purchasing in UK law 615
1. Under the RTPA 1976 615
2. Under the Competition Act 1980 617
3. Exclusive purchasing agreements and beer supply: tied houses 618
4. Exclusive purchasing and petroleum supply agreements: tied
petrol filling stations 619
J. Commercial agents 619
1. EC law 619
2. UK law 622
K. Franchise agreements 623
1. Introduction 623
2. EC law 623
3. The franchising block exemption: Regulation 4087/88/EEC 626
4. UK law 637
L. Selective distribution 646
1. Introduction 646
2. EC law 647
3. UK law 658
M. Dealers refused supplies: complaints and remedies 661
1. Legal and economic context 661
xx Contents
2. Typical situations of refusal to supply 662
Chapter 11 Terms and Conditions of Trade 666
A. Introduction 666
B. Legal framework 667
1. EC law: collective setting of terms and conditions 667
2. EC law: individual setting of terms and conditions 669
3. UK law: collective setting of terms and conditions 669
4. UK law: individual setting of terms and conditions 675
C. Codes of practice 676
1. EC law 677
2. UK law 678
D. Exclusion, limitation of liability and other financial penalty clauses 678
1. EC law 679
2. UK law 680
E. Credit and other terms of payment 685
1. EC law 686
2. UK law 686
F. Terms leading to market division (market sharing) 689
1. EC law 689
2. UK law 691
G. Sale of assets agreements: non competition clauses 693
1. EC law 693
2. UK law 697
H. Premises and trading methods 700
1. EC law 701
2. UK law 703
I. Staffing restrictions 705
1. EC law 705
2. UK law 707
J. Advertising and trade fairs 710
Contents xxj
1. EC law 7]0
2. UK law 714
K. Standards, quality control and description 721
1. EC law 791
2. UK law 792
L. Customers, end user restrictions 725
1. EC law 795
2. UK law 797
M. Tying clauses 729
1. Legal and economic framework 729
2. EC law 73]
3. UK law 733
Chapter 12 Joint Ventures and Co operation Agreements 737
A. Introduction 737
B. Legal framework 737
1. EC law 73S
2. UK law 753
C. Joint selling ventures 761
1. EC law 761
2. UK law 763
D. Joint purchasing 766
1. EC law 766
2. UK law 768
E. Joint research and development 771
1. EC law 771
2. UK law 790
F. Specialisation agreements 794
1. EC law 794
2. UK law 801
xxii Contents
G. Rationalisation agreements, often termed crisis cartels 804
1. Legal and economic context 804
2. EC law 805
3. UK law: self help levy schemes 812
4. UK law: section 29 RTPA 1976 821
5. UK law: rationalisation mergers 822
6. Section 21(2) RTPA 1976 824
H. Product standardisation 824
1. EC law 825
2. UK law 828
I. Joint carriage ventures 829
1. EC law 829
2. UK law 830
Chapter 13 Intellectual Property Licensing 831
A. Introduction 831
B. The relationship between free movement of goods and services and
intellectual property rights under EC law 833
C. Patent and know how licensing in EC law: general considerations 835
1. Legal context 835
2. The preceding block exemptions 835
3. Exclusive licences and the application of Article 85(1):
open and closed licences 836
D. The technology transfer block exemption: Regulation 240/96 837
1. Introduction 837
2. The basic exemption: Article 1 842
3. Permissible restrictions: Article 1 (white clauses) 844
4. Permissible clauses not generally falling within Article 85(1):
Article 2 (white clauses) 848
5. Non permissible restrictions: Article 3 (block clauses) 854
6. Extension of exemption to licences not expressly covered: the
opposition procedure Article 4 856
7. Types of licence not exempt: Article 5 857
8. Withdrawal of exemption: Article 7 859
9. Meaning of connected undertakings : Articles 6(3) and 10(14) 860
10. Transitional periods and duration of block exemption: Articles
11 and 13 861
Contents xxlll
11. Confidentiality on the part of the Commission: Article 9 861
12. Check list for determining whether the technology transfer
block exemption applies 862
E. The block exemption for patent licensing: Regulation 2349/84 863
1. The basic exemption: Article 1 864
2. Permissible restrictions: Article 1 (white clause) 866
3. Permissible Clauses not Generally Falling within Article 85(1):
Article 2 (White Clauses) 868
4. Non permissible restrictions: Article 3 (black clauses) 874
5. Extension of exemption to licences not expressly covered:
the opposition procedure Article 4 880
6. Types of licence not exempt: Article 5 880
7. Withdrawal of exemption: Article 9 881
8. Meaning of connected undertakings : Articles 11(3) and 12 884
9. Transitional periods and currency of block exemption: Articles 6,
7, 8 and 14 884
10. Confidentiality on the part of the Commission: Article 13 885
11. Check list for determining whether the patent block exemption
applies 886
F. The block exemption for know how licensing: Regulation 556/89 888
1. The basic exemption: Article 1 888
2. Permissible restrictions: Article 1 (white clauses) 891
3. Permissible clauses not generally falling within Article 85(1):
Article 2 (White Clauses) 894
4. Non permissible restrictions: Article 3 (black clauses) 899
5. Extension of exemption to licences not expressly covered: The
opposition procedure , Article 4 904
6. Types of licence not exempt: Article 5 904
7. Withdrawal of exemption: Article 7 905
8. Transitional periods and currency of block exemption: Articles 8,
9, 10 and 12 906
9. Confidentiality of the part of the Commission: Article 11 906
10. Check list for determining whether the know how block
exemption applies 907
G. Patent licensing in United Kingdom law 908
1. Under the RTPA 1976 909
2. Under the Competition Act 1980 909
H. Copyright licensing in EC law 915
1. Legal context 915
2. Exclusive licences: open and closed licences 916
xxiv Contents
3. Other clauses in copyright licences 917
4. Protecting exclusive territories: free movement of goods and
services 918
5. Compulsory licensing 918
I. Copyright licensing in United Kingdom law 919
1. Under the RTPA 1976 919
2. Under the Competition Act 1980 919
3. Non derogation from grant: spare parts 925
J. Software licencing in EC law 926
1. Legal context 926
2. Restricted acts and exemptions to restricted acts 927
K. Software licensing in United Kingdom law 930
L. Trade mark licensing in EC law 930
1. Legal context 930
2. Exclusive licences: open and closed licences 930
3. Other clauses in trade mark licences 931
4. Protecting exclusive territories: free movement of goods 934
5. Trade mark assignments 935
6. Trade mark delimination agreements 936
M. Trade mark licensing in United Kingdom law 937
1. Under the RTP A 1976 937
2. Under the Competition Act 1980 937
N. Licensing intellectual property to sub contractors 938
1. EC law: the sub contracting notice 938
2. UK law 940
O. The duty to license intellectual property rights? 940
1. EC law: Article 86 EC 940
2. EC law: Article 85 EC 942
3. EC law in UK courts 942
4. Under UK law 943
Chapter 14 Trade Association Membership 944
A. Introduction 944
1. EC law 944
2. UK law 947
CONTENTS XXV
B. Membership fees 947
1. EC law 948
2. UK law 949
C. Rules for membership 950
1. EC law 950
2. UK law 953
D. Inter member exclusive dealing (closed systems) 954
1. EC law 954
2. UK law 955
E. Guilt by membership 957
1. EC law 957
2. UK law 958
Index 961
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Green, Nicholas Robertson, Aidan |
| author_facet | Green, Nicholas Robertson, Aidan |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Green, Nicholas |
| author_variant | n g ng a r ar |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV011805365 |
| classification_rvk | PS 3760 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)264038685 (DE-599)BVBBV011805365 |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01713nam a2200409 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV011805365</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">00000000000000.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">980303s1997 |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9041108688</subfield><subfield code="9">90-411-0868-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)264038685</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV011805365</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakddb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M382</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">PS 3760</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)139788:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Green, Nicholas</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Commercial agreements and competition law</subfield><subfield code="b">practice and procedure in the UK and EC</subfield><subfield code="c">Nicholas Green and Aidan Robertson</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">2. ed.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">London [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Kluwer Law Internat.</subfield><subfield code="c">1997</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">CXXVII, 992 S.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="610" ind1="2" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Europäische Gemeinschaften</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)35439-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Wettbewerbsrecht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4121924-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4001276-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Großbritannien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4022153-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Großbritannien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4022153-2</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4001276-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Europäische Gemeinschaften</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)35439-9</subfield><subfield code="D">b</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Wettbewerbsrecht</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4121924-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Robertson, Aidan</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HBZ Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007970658&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007970658</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV011805365 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:16:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9041108688 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007970658 |
| oclc_num | 264038685 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 DE-M382 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-M382 DE-188 |
| physical | CXXVII, 992 S. |
| publishDate | 1997 |
| publishDateSearch | 1997 |
| publishDateSort | 1997 |
| publisher | Kluwer Law Internat. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Green, Nicholas Verfasser aut Commercial agreements and competition law practice and procedure in the UK and EC Nicholas Green and Aidan Robertson 2. ed. London [u.a.] Kluwer Law Internat. 1997 CXXVII, 992 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Gemeinschaften (DE-588)35439-9 gnd rswk-swf Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd rswk-swf Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen (DE-588)4001276-1 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen (DE-588)4001276-1 s Europäische Gemeinschaften (DE-588)35439-9 b Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 s DE-604 Robertson, Aidan Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007970658&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Green, Nicholas Robertson, Aidan Commercial agreements and competition law practice and procedure in the UK and EC Europäische Gemeinschaften (DE-588)35439-9 gnd Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen (DE-588)4001276-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)35439-9 (DE-588)4121924-7 (DE-588)4001276-1 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Commercial agreements and competition law practice and procedure in the UK and EC |
| title_auth | Commercial agreements and competition law practice and procedure in the UK and EC |
| title_exact_search | Commercial agreements and competition law practice and procedure in the UK and EC |
| title_full | Commercial agreements and competition law practice and procedure in the UK and EC Nicholas Green and Aidan Robertson |
| title_fullStr | Commercial agreements and competition law practice and procedure in the UK and EC Nicholas Green and Aidan Robertson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Commercial agreements and competition law practice and procedure in the UK and EC Nicholas Green and Aidan Robertson |
| title_short | Commercial agreements and competition law |
| title_sort | commercial agreements and competition law practice and procedure in the uk and ec |
| title_sub | practice and procedure in the UK and EC |
| topic | Europäische Gemeinschaften (DE-588)35439-9 gnd Wettbewerbsrecht (DE-588)4121924-7 gnd Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen (DE-588)4001276-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Gemeinschaften Wettbewerbsrecht Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007970658&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT greennicholas commercialagreementsandcompetitionlawpracticeandprocedureintheukandec AT robertsonaidan commercialagreementsandcompetitionlawpracticeandprocedureintheukandec |