Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, D.C.
National Acad. Press
1995
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 630 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0309054494 |
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| adam_text | NATURAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON DECADE-TO-CENTURY TIME SCALES / CLIMATE
RESEARCH COMMITTEE BOARD ON ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES AND CLIMATE COMMISSION
ON GEOSCIENCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND RESOURCES NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 5 ! CHAPTER 2. THE ATMOSPHERE 9
INTRODUCTION 10 ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS: AN ESSAY BY THOMAS R. KARL 12
DOCUMENTING NATURAL CLIMATIC VARIATIONS: HOW DIFFERENT IS THE CLIMATE OF
THE TWENTIETH CENTURY FROM THAT OF PREVIOUS CENTURIES? HENRY F. DIAZ AND
RAYMOND S. BRADLEY 17 COMMENTARY BY EUGENE M. RASMUSSON 30 DISCUSSION 31
VARIABILITY OF AFRICAN RAINFALL ON INTERANNUAL AND DECADAL TIME SCALES
SHARON E. NICHOLSON 32 ON THE INITIATION AND PERSISTENCE OF THE SAHEL
DROUGHT JAGADISH SHUKLA 44 DISCUSSION 47 CONTINENTAL SNOW COVER AND
CLIMATE VARIABILITY JOHN E. WALSH 49 COMMENTARY BY DAVID A. ROBINSON 58
DISCUSSION 59 IX CONTENTS DECADAL VARIATIONS OF SNOW COVER DAVID A.
ROBINSON 60 VARIABILITY AND TRENDS OF PRECIPITATION AND SNOWFALL OVER
NORTH AMERICA PAVEL YA. GROISMAN AND DAVID R. EASTERLING 67 COMMENTARY
BY DAVID A. ROBINSON 77 DISCUSSION 79 ASYMMETRIC TRENDS OF DAILY MAXIMUM
AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AND POSSIBLE CAUSES THOMAS
R. KARL, PHILIP D. JONES, RICHARD W. KNIGHT, GEORGE KUKLA, NEIL PLUMMER,
VYACHESLAV RAZUVAYEV, KEVIN P. GALLO, JANETTE A. LINDESAY, AND ROBERT J.
CHARLSON 80 DISCUSSION 95 DECADAL OSCILLATIONS IN GLOBAL TEMPERATURE AND
ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE CHARLES D. KEELING AND TIMOTHY P. WHORF 97
DISCUSSION 110 OBSERVED VARIABILITY OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION DAVID J. KAROLY ILL COMMENTARY BY DAVID E.
PARKER 119 DISCUSSION 119 SURFACE CLIMATE VARIATIONS OVER THE NORTH
ATLANTIC OCEAN DURING WINTER, 1900-1989 CLARA DESER AND MAURICE L.
BLACKMON 120 / COMMENTARY BY LAWRENCE A. MYSAK 130 I DISCUSSION 132
SEASONAL-TO-INTERANNUAL FLUCTUATIONS IN SURFACE TEMPERATURE OVER THE
PACIFIC: EFFECTS OF MONTHLY WINDS AND HEAT FLUXES DANIEL R. CAYAN,
ARTHUR J. MILLER, TIM P. BARNETT, NICHOLAS E. GRAHAM, JACK N. RITCHIE,
AND JOSEF M. OBERHUBER 13 3 COMMENTARY BY STEPHEN E. ZEBIAK 148
DISCUSSION 149 ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS REFERENCE LIST 151 ATMOSPHERIC
MODELING: AN ESSAY BY MICHAEL GHIL 164 MODELING LOW-FREQUENCY CLIMATE
VARIABILITY: THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND THE INTERPRETATION OF
PALEOCLIMATIC DATA TOM M.L. WIGLEY AND SARAH C.B. RAPER 169 DISCUSSION
174 DETECTION OF FORCED CLIMATE SIGNALS GERALD R. NORTH AND KWANG-YUL
KIM 175 DISCUSSION 181 CONSTRAINING POSSIBILITIES VERSUS SIGNAL
DETECTION RICHARD S. LINDZEN 182 MODELING THE POSSIBLE CAUSES OF
DECADAL-TO-MILLENNIAL-SCALE VARIABILITY DAVID H. RIND AND JONATHAN T.
OVERPECK 187 COMMENTARY BY JOHN M. WALLACE 197 DISCUSSION 198 CONTENTS
XI NATURAL AND FORCED VARIABILITY IN THE CLIMATE RECORD JOHN M. WALLACE
199 COMMENTARY BY HENRY F. DIAZ 208 DISCUSSION 209 ATMOSPHERIC MODELING
REFERENCE LIST 211 CHAPTER 3. THE OCEAN 233 INTRODUCTION 234 OCEAN
OBSERVATIONS: AN ESSAY BY MELINDA M. HALL 236 MARINE SURFACE DATA FOR
ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC FLUCTUATIONS ON INTERANNUAL-TO- CENTURY TIME SCALES
DAVID E. PARKER, CHRIS K. FOLLAND, ALISON C. BEVAN, M. NEIL WARD,
MICHAEL JACKSON, AND KATHY MASKELL 241 COMMENTARY BY THOMAS L. DELWORTH
251 DISCUSSION 252 DECADAL-SCALE VARIABILITY OF ICE COVER AND CLIMATE IN
THE ARCTIC OCEAN AND GREENLAND AND ICELAND SEAS LAWRENCE A. MYSAK 253
COMMENTARY BY DOUGLAS G. MARTINSON 262 DISCUSSION 262 LONG-TERM
SEA-LEVEL VARIATION / BRUCE C. DOUGLAS 264 COMMENTARY BY MICHAEL GHIL
270 DISCUSSION 272 ACOUSTIC THERMOMETRY OF OCEAN CLIMATE (SUMMARY OF
DINNER REMARKS) WALTER H. MUNK 273 TRANSIENT TRACERS AS A TOOL TO STUDY
VARIABILITY OF OCEAN CIRCULATION PETER SCHLOSSER AND WILLIAM M. SMETHIE,
JR. 274 COMMENTARY BY JAMES H. SWIFT 288 DISCUSSION 288 A FEW NOTES ON A
REPENT DEEP-WATER FRESHENING JAMES H. SWIFT 290 THE SALINITY DECREASE IN
THE LABRADOR SEA OVER THE PAST THIRTY YEARS JOHN R.N. LAZIER 295
COMMENTARY BY LYNNE D. TALLEY 302 DISCUSSION 303 THE LOCAL, REGIONAL,
AND GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EXCHANGES THROUGH THE DENMARK STRAIT AND
IRMINGER SEA ROBERT R. DICKSON 305 DISCUSSION 317 OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE
OF DECADAL-SCALE VARIABILITY OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN SYDNEY LEVITUS,
JOHN I. ANTONOV, ZHOU ZENGXI, HARRY DOOLEY, VLADIMIR TSERESCHENKOV,
KONSTANTIN SELEMENOV, AND ANTHONY F. MICHAELS 318 XII CONTENTS
COMMENTARY BY JOHN R.N. LAZIER 325 DISCUSSION 326 OCEAN OBSERVATIONS
REFERENCE LIST 328 OCEAN MODELING: AN ESSAY BY KIRK BRYAN 336
SUB-GRID-SCALE PARAMETERIZATIONS IN OCEANIC GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS
JAMES C. MCWILLIAMS 339 COMMENTARY BY KIRK BRYAN 353 DISCUSSION 353 A
STOCHASTIC MODEL OF NORTH ATLANTIC CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON
DECADE-TO-CENTURY TIME SCALES KIRK BRYAN AND FRANK C. HANSEN 355
DISCUSSION 363 DECADAL-TO-MILLENNIAL INTERNAL OCEANIC VARIABILITY IN
COARSE-RESOLUTION OCEAN GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS ANDREW J. WEAVER 365
COMMENTARY BY EDWARD S. SARACHIK 381 DISCUSSION 382 THERMOHALINE
CIRCULATIONS AND VARIABILITY IN A TWO-HEMISPHERE SECTOR MODEL OF THE
ATLANTIC DAVID MCDERMOTT AND EDWARD S. SARACHIK 384 COMMENTARY BY
MICHAEL GHIL 396 / DISCUSSION 397 / LOW-FREQUENCY OCEAN VARIABILITY
INDUCED BY STOCHASTIC FORCING OF VARIOUS COLORS TIM P. BARNETT, MING
CHU, ROBERT W. WILDE, AND UWE MIKOLAJEWICZ 398 COMMENTARY BY KEVIN E.
TRENBERTH 406 DISCUSSION 406 OCEAN MODELING REFERENCE LIST 40 8 CHAPTER
4. COUPLED SYSTEMS 413 AN ESSAY BY EDWARD S. SARACHIK 414
DECADE-TO-CENTURY TIME-SCALE VARIABILITY IN THE COUPLED ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN
SYSTEM: MODELING ISSUES DAVID S. BATTISTI 419 COMMENTARY BY GERALD R.
NORTH 430 DISCUSSION 431 NORTH ATLANTIC INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY IN A
COUPLED MODEL THOMAS L. DELWORTH, SYUKURO MANABE, AND RONALD J. STOUJFER
432 COMMENTARY BY STEPHEN E. ZEBIAK 439 DISCUSSION 440 MODEL STUDIES OF
THE LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR OF ENSO MARK A. CANE, STEPHEN E. ZEBIAK, AND YAN
XUE 442 COMMENTARY BY S. GEORGE H. PHILANDER 456 DISCUSSION 456 CONTENTS
XLLL SECULAR VARIABILITY OF THE ENSO CYCLE EUGENE M. RASMUSSON, XUELIANG
WANG, AND CHESTER F. ROPELEWSKI 458 COMMENTARY BY YOCHANAN KUSHNIR 470
DISCUSSION 470 DECADAL CLIMATE VARIATIONS IN THE PACIFIC KEVIN E.
TRENBERTH AND JAMES W. HURRELL 472 COMMENTARY BY YOCHANAN KUSHNIR 481
DISCUSSION 482 COUPLED SYSTEMS REFERENCE LIST 483 CHAPTER 5. PROXY
INDICATORS OF CLIMATE 489 AN ESSAY BY SOROOSH SOROOSHIAN AND DOUGLAS G.
MARTINSON 490 MONITORING THE TROPICAL OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERE USING
CHEMICAL RECORDS FROM LONG-LIVED CORALS JULIA E. COLE, RICHARD G.
FAIRBANKS, AND GLEN T. SHEN ...: 495 COMMENTARY BY CLARA DESER 504
DISCUSSION 505 NATURAL VARIABILITY OF TROPICAL CLIMATES ON 10- TO
100-YEAR TIME SCALES: LIMNOLOGICAL AND PALEOLIMNOLOGICAL EVIDENCE F.
ALAYNE STREET-PERROTT 506 DECADE-TO-CENTURY-SCALE VARIABILITY OF
REGIONAL AND HEMISPHERIC-SCALE TEMPERATURES PHILIP D. JONES AND KEITH R.
BRIFFA : 512 COMMENTARY BY THOMAS R. KARL 520 DISCUSSION 521
INTERDECADAL TEMPERATURE OSCILLATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE:
EVIDENCE FROM TASMANIAN TREE RINGS SINCE 300 B.C. EDWARD R. COOK,
BRENDAN M. BUCKLEY, AND ROSANNE D. D ARRIGO 523 COMMENTARY BY WILLIAM E.
REIFSNYDER 531 DISCUSSION - 532 VARIABILITY OF ATLANTIC CIRCULATION ON
SUB-MILLENNIAL TIME SCALES SCOTT J. LEHMAN 533 COMMENTARY BY JULIA E.
COLE 542 DISCUSSION 542 ICE CORES AS ARCHIVES OF DECADE-TO-CENTURY-SCALE
CLIMATE VARIABILITY PIETER M. GROOTES 544 DISCUSSION 554 TEMPORAL CHANGE
IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS JOHN A. MCGOWAN 555 COMMENTARY BY ROBERT R. DICKSON
568 DISCUSSION 571 XIV CONTENTS MAXIMUM RATES OF PROJECTED AND ACTUAL
INCREASES IN GLOBAL MEAN TEMPERATURE AS COMPARED WITH BIOCLIMATIC
FLUCTUATIONS WILLIAM E. REIFSNYDER 572 COMMENTARY BY SOROOSH SOROOSHIAN
580 DISCUSSION 581 PROXY INDICATORS OF CLIMATE REFERENCE LIST 583
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS 599 CHAPTER 7. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
CLIMATE-VARIABILITY RESEARCH PRIORITIES 605 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 609
INDEX 615
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| spelling | Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales Climate Research Committee Washington, D.C. National Acad. Press 1995 XIV, 630 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Climat - Changements - Congrès Klimaänderung Climatic changes Congresses Klimaschwankung (DE-588)4031175-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Klimaschwankung (DE-588)4031175-2 s DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007954816&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales Climat - Changements - Congrès Klimaänderung Climatic changes Congresses Klimaschwankung (DE-588)4031175-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4031175-2 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales |
| title_auth | Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales |
| title_exact_search | Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales |
| title_full | Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales Climate Research Committee |
| title_fullStr | Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales Climate Research Committee |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales Climate Research Committee |
| title_short | Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales |
| title_sort | natural climate variability on decade to century time scales |
| topic | Climat - Changements - Congrès Klimaänderung Climatic changes Congresses Klimaschwankung (DE-588)4031175-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Climat - Changements - Congrès Klimaänderung Climatic changes Congresses Klimaschwankung Konferenzschrift |
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