Waste management and resource recovery:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton [u.a.]
CRC, Lewis
1995
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 524 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0873715721 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Waste management and resource recovery |c Charles R. Rhyner ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton [u.a.] |b CRC, Lewis |c 1995 | |
| 300 | |a XIX, 524 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126314881351680 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1. WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE
CONSERVATION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Historical Sketch of Waste Management 4
1.3 The Archaeology of Refuse 7
1.4 Resource Conservation 10
1.5 Risks Associated with Waste Management 14
1.6 Integrated Waste Management 17
1.7 Waste Management Terminology 19
Discussion Topics and Problems 20
CHAPTER 2. WASTE GENERATION
2.1 Overview 25
2.2 Municipal Solid Waste 26
Residential Solid Waste 30
Commercial Solid Waste 31
Municipal Solid Waste in Other Countries 32
2.3 Industrial Process Waste 34
2.4 Mining Waste 37
2.5 Agricultural Waste 37
2.6 Waste Densities and Volumes 39
2.7 Methods of Determining Quantity and Composition 41
Surveying Industrial Waste Generators 42
Using Literature Sources 42
Materials Flow Methodology 42
Direct Sampling 43
2.8 Seasonal Variation of Solid Waste Quantities 48
2.9 Municipal and Industrial Wastewater 50
Sources and Flow Rates of Municipal Wastewater 51
Characterization of Municipal Wastewater 52
Organic Compounds 52
xi
xii WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 53
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 54
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 54
Inorganic Compounds 54
Microbes 56
Industrial Wastewater 57
Discussion Topics and Problems 57
CHAPTER 3. COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF SOLID
WASTE
3.1 Overview 65
3.2 Productive Collection Systems 67
Frequency of Collection 67
Set Out Locations 68
Types of Containers 68
Collection Vehicles and Crew Size 69
3.3 Collection of Recyclables 75
Collection Alternatives 77
Drop off Centers 77
Curbside Collection 77
Buyback Centers 80
Social and Political Factors 80
Economic Analysis of Collection Alternatives 81
3.4 Collection Routing and Scheduling 84
3.5 Transport of Solid Waste 92
Types and Sizes of Transfer Stations 94
Types of Transport Systems 95
3.6 Facility Location Models 96
3.7 Other Mathematical Models in Waste Management 99
Discussion Topics and Problems 104
CHAPTER 4. SOLID WASTE SOURCE REDUCTION AND
RECYCLING
4.1 Overview 109
4.2 Solid Waste Source Reduction Ill
Source Reduction by Manufacturers 112
Production Waste 112
Improved Product Designs 112
Product Packaging 113
Source Reduction by Households 115
4.3 Pre Consumer and Post Consumer Recyclable Waste 116
4.4 Markets for Recyclables 116
4.5 Paper Recycling 119
Paper Manufacturing and Recycling 120
TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii
Wastepaper and Paperboard Uses 122
Newspaper 122
Corrugated Cardboard 124
High Grade Deinking Papers/Pulp Substitutes 124
Mixed Papers 125
4.6 Metals Recycling 125
Ferrous Metals 125
Ferrous Metals Manufacturing and Recycling 127
Nonferrous Metals 128
Aluminum 129
Aluminum Manufacturing and Recycling 129
4.7 Plastics Recycling 129
Plastics Manufacturing and Recycling 131
Extrusion 133
Blow Molding 133
Injection Molding 134
Products from Recycled Plastic Packaging 134
Plastic Containers 135
Plastic Lumber 136
Other Uses 136
Chemical Processing 136
4.8 Glass Container Recycling 137
Glass Manufacturing and Recycling 138
Alternate Glass Cullet Uses 139
4.9 Tire Recycling 141
Disposal of Tires 142
Tire Retreading 144
Uses for Whole Tires 144
Uses for Shredded Tires 144
4.10 Environmental Impacts of Recycling 146
Discussion Topics and Problems 148
CHAPTER 5. PROCESSING SOLID WASTES AND RECYCLABLE
MATERIALS
5.1 Overview 153
5.2 Process Modeling 154
5.3 Shredding 159
Types of Shredders 159
Flailmills 160
Hammermills 160
Grinders 161
Wet Pulping 161
Operational Problems with Shredders 162
Energy and Power Requirements 163
xiv WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY
5.4 Separation by Particle Size 164
Types of Screens 165
Vibrating Screens 165
Trommels 165
Disk Screens 167
Separation Efficiency 167
5.5 Separation by Density 169
Methods of Separation by Density 169
Liquid Flotation 169
Dry Fluidized Bed 170
Pinch Sluice 170
Air Classification 170
Incline and Moving Chain Curtains 172
5.6 Separation by Inertia 172
Cyclone Separators 173
Vibrating Tables 173
Ballistic Separator 174
5.7 Magnetic Separation 174
Types of Magnetic Separators 174
Ferromagnetic Separators 174
Eddy Current Separator 175
5.8 Optical/Infrared/X Ray Sorting 175
5.9 Volume Reduction 176
Discussion Topics and Problems 177
CHAPTER 6. WASTEWATER TREATMENT
6.1 Overview 181
6.2 Preliminary Treatment (Screening and Grit Removal) 183
6.3 Primary Treatment (Sedimentation) 183
Chemical Addition in Primary Treatment 184
6.4 Secondary Treatment (Biological Treatment) 186
Aerobic Degradation of Organic Matter 187
Nitrification and Denitrification 188
Biological Removal of Phosphorus 189
Engineered Biological Processes in Secondary Treatment 190
The Activated Sludge Process 190
Sequential Reactor Designs for Biological Removal of
BOD, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus 192
Trickling Filters 193
Rotating Biological Contactors 194
6.5 Tertiary Treatment (Advanced Treatment) 194
Chemical Treatment 195
Activated Carbon 195
TABLE OF CONTENTS xv
Filtration 196
Membrane Filtration 196
6.6 Disinfection 197
Chlorine 197
Ozone 198
Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation 199
6.7 Sludge Thickening and Dewatering 199
Sludge Conditioning 200
Sludge Thickening 201
Centrifugation 201
Sludge Dewatering 204
Vacuum Filter 206
Belt Filter Press 208
Centrifugation 208
Sludge Drying Beds 209
Lagoons 211
Discussion Topics and Problems 211
CHAPTER 7. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTE SOLIDS
7.1 Overview 215
7.2 The Organisms in Biological Treatment 216
7.3 Aerobic Decomposition 218
7.4 Anaerobic Decomposition 220
7.5 Anaerobic Treatment of Waste 224
Anaerobic Reactor Designs 224
Stirred Tank Reactor 225
Anaerobic Contact Reactor 226
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Process 227
Landfill Reactors 227
7.6 Composting 228
Composting Processes 228
Sewage Sludge Composting 229
Municipal Waste Composting 229
Open Nonmechanical Composting 230
Windrows 230
Static Piles 231
Closed Composting 232
Agitated Bed System 232
Silo Composters 233
Tunnel Composting System 233
Enclosed Static Pile System 235
The Utilization of Compost 235
xvi WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY
7.7 Fermmentation Processes in Waste Treatment 236
Discussion Topics and Problems 238
CHAPTER 8. INCINERATION, PYROLYSIS, AND ENERGY
RECOVERY
8.1 Overview 241
8.2 Principles of Incineration 243
Heat Value 244
Moisture 247
Combustion Air 248
Combustion Conditions 250
8.3 Mass Burn Incinerators 252
8.4 Modular Incinerators 255
8.5 Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) 255
8.6 Fluid Bed Incinerators 256
8.7 Pyrolysis 258
8.8 Energy Recovery 259
8.9 Air Emissions 259
Particulates 261
Carbon Monoxide 261
Sulfur Dioxide 261
Nitrogen Oxides 262
Heavy Metals 262
Chlorine Compounds 262
8.10 Control of Air Emissions 263
Settling Chambers 264
Cyclones 264
Electrostatic Precipitators 264
Fabric Filters 265
Wet Scrubbers 266
Semi Wet and Dry Scrubbers 267
Selective Catalytic Reduction 267
8.11 Disposal of Ash 267
Discussion Topics and Problems 268
CHAPTER 9. LANDFILLING OF WASTES
9.1 Overview 273
9.2 Landfill Site Selection 276
9.3 Concepts of Groundwater Hydrology 280
Steady Flow in a Uniform Confined Aquifer 287
Steady Flow in an Unconfined Aquifer 287
9.4 Landfill Design 290
9.5 Liners 293
TABLE OF CONTENTS xvii
9.6 Landfill Operations 294
9.7 Landfilling Processed Wastes 296
9.8 Codisposal of Wastes 296
9.9 Monofills 297
9.10 Site Closure and Post Closure Care 297
9.11 Costs of Closure and Post Closure Care 298
Funds Required for Closure 298
Funds Required for Post Closure Care 300
Discussion Topics and Problems 301
CHAPTER 10. LANDFILL LEACHATE AND GAS MANAGEMENT
10.1 Overview 307
10.2 The Decomposition of Landfilled Organic Wastes 308
10.3 Leachate Composition and Characteristics 310
10.4 Estimating Leachate Quantity 311
10.5 Leachate Movement 316
10.6 Leachate Monitoring 317
10.7 Leachate Treatment 322
10.8 Landfill Gas Production 322
10.9 Gas Movement and Control 324
10.10 Gas Monitoring 325
10.11 Gas Utilization 325
Discussion Topics and Problems 327
CHAPTER 11. APPLICATION OF WASTEWATER AND BIOSOLIDS
TO LAND
11.1 Overview 331
11.2 Wastewater to Land 333
11.3 Slow Rate (Irrigation) Process 334
11.4 Rapid Infiltration Process 339
11.5 Overland Flow Process 344
11.6 Constructed Wetlands 348
11.7 Land Application of Waste Solids 349
11.8 Pathogen and Vector Control in Biosolids 351
Class A Sludge 352
Class B Sludge 352
11.9 Loading Rates When Biosolids Are Applied to Agricultural Land . 353
Agronomic Loading Rate 353
Annual Pollutant Loading Rate 356
Cumulative Load 357
11.10. Future Prospects for Land Application of Sewage Sludge
and Other Types of Waste Solids 359
Discussion Topics and Problems 360
xviii WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY
CHAPTER 12. HAZARDOUS WASTE
12.1 Overview 365
12.2 Characterization of Hazardous and Toxic Waste 368
Listed Hazardous Waste 369
Characteristic Hazardous Waste 369
Toxicity 373
Reactivity 373
Ignitability 373
Corrosivity 375
Infectivity 375
12.3 Hazardous Waste Generators 375
12.4 Transporting Hazardous Waste 377
12.5 Treatment of Hazardous Waste 377
Chemical and Physical Treatments 378
Neutralization 378
Precipitation 378
Oxidation and Reduction 378
Activated Carbon Adsorption 379
Solidification or Encapsulation 379
Distillation 379
Biological Treatment 379
12.6 Disposal of Hazardous Waste 381
Land Disposal 381
Incineration 381
12.7 Minimization of Hazardous Waste Quantities 382
USEPA s 33/50 Program 385
12.8 Cleanup of Contaminated Waste Sites (Superfund) 386
12.9 International Aspects of Hazardous Waste Management 389
12.10 Household Hazardous Waste 390
Discussion Topics and Problems 392
CHAPTER 13. COSTS AND MANAGEMENT OF WASTE
FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS
13.1 Overview 397
13.2 Capital and Operating Costs of Facilities 398
Capital Costs 398
Operating Costs 402
13.3 Lifecycle Cost Analysis 402
13.4 Fee Policies 406
13.5 Ownership and Operation of Waste Facilities 408
13.6 Financing of Facilities 409
13.7 Management Responsibilities 410
Discussion Topics and Problems 411
TABLE OF CONTENTS xix
GLOSSARY 415
Appendix A Factors for Conversion of Units 447
Appendix B Typical Densities of Recyclable Materials 451
Appendix C U.S. Federal Laws Related to Waste Management 453
Appendix D Municipal Solid Waste Management: State by State 457
Appendix E State Disposal Bans and Recycling Laws 460
Appendix F Operating Biosolids Composting Facilities in the U.S 463
Appendix G Operating Municipal Waste to Energy Facilities
in the U.S 472
Appendix H Proximate and Elemental (Ultimate) Analyses and
Heating Values of Refuse Components 481
Appendix I USEPA Analytical Methods for Chemical Parameters
at Landfills 485
Appendix J Information Sources 491
INDEX 505
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:15:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0873715721 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIX, 524 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Waste management and resource recovery Charles R. Rhyner ... Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC, Lewis 1995 XIX, 524 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Odpadki - Ponovna uporaba Ravnanje z odpadki Abfallwirtschaft (DE-588)4000107-6 gnd rswk-swf Recycling (DE-588)4076573-8 gnd rswk-swf Recycling (DE-588)4076573-8 s Abfallwirtschaft (DE-588)4000107-6 s DE-604 Rhyner, Charles R. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007944410&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4000107-6 (DE-588)4076573-8 |
| title | Waste management and resource recovery |
| title_auth | Waste management and resource recovery |
| title_exact_search | Waste management and resource recovery |
| title_full | Waste management and resource recovery Charles R. Rhyner ... |
| title_fullStr | Waste management and resource recovery Charles R. Rhyner ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Waste management and resource recovery Charles R. Rhyner ... |
| title_short | Waste management and resource recovery |
| title_sort | waste management and resource recovery |
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