Gender and development in Zambia: empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[1996]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Groningen, Rijksuniv., Diss., 1996 |
| Beschreibung: | 240 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9056510223 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Gender and development in Zambia |b empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations |c door Anne Touwen-van der Kooij |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD 9
1. INTRODUCTION 11
2. FROM WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT TO GENDER
AND DEVELOPMENT 15
2.1 The concept Women in Development (WID) 15
2.2 Women, active in development 15
2.3 From Women in Development (WID) to
Gender and Development (GAD) 17
2.4 The concept of Autonomy 18
2.5 Practical and strategic gender interests 18
2.6 From welfare to empowerment 19
2.7 Programmes and Projects for Women 20
2.8 WID and the role of NGOs 21
2.9 Women s organisations 21
3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND METHODOLOGY 23
3.1 The central questions of research 23
3.2 Methodology 24
4. AN OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT MODELS; DOMINANT
DEVELOPMENT MODELS AND THE EMERGENCE OF
AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL 29
4.1 Modernisation 29
4.2 Dependencia 30
4.3 The Basic Needs or Anti Poverty approach 30
4.4 The call for human centered development 31
4.5 Development thinking in the Netherlands 32
5. CRITICAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY AND
FEMINIST ANTHROPOLOGY 35
5.1 A feminist critique on modernization and dependencia theory 35
5.2 A feminist critique on the concept of development 36
5.3 Critical Anthropology 37
5.4 Critical anthropology and feminist anthropology 38
5.5 Feminist anthropology 39
5.5.1 The male bias in anthropology 39
5.5.2 Gender as a central concept 39
5.5.3 Autonomy and/or empowerment 40
5.5.4 Theoretical orientations 41
6. AN ACTOR ORIENTED PARADIGM FOR THE
EMPOWERMENT APPROACH 43
6.1 A feminist point of view 43
6.2 Action and motivation 44
6.3 Self, structure and behaviour 45
6.4 The concept of empowerment 48
5
6.5 The concept of power 49
6.6 Giddens structuration theory and empowerment 51
7. ZAMBIA, A COUNTRY REVIEW 55
7.1 Introduction 55
7.2 A short economic and political history 55
7.2.1 Colonial period 55
7.2.2 After Independence: the Kaunda period (1964 1991) 57
7.2.3 Recent developments 60
7.3 Women and Structural Adjustment 61
7.4 Some gender specific demographic data 63
7.4.1 Population growth 63
7.4.2 Household composition 65
7.4.3 Female headed households 65
7.4.4 Household spending 67
7.5 Economic and social indicators 67
7.5.1 Employment 68
The formal sector 68
The informal sector 69
7.5.2 Health 70
7.5.3 Education 72
7.5.4 Other social indicators 75
Access to clean water and sanitation 75
Food and nutrition 75
Housing 75
7.6 Conclusion 78
8. WOMEN IN ZAMBIA 81
8.1 Introduction 81
8.2 Women in traditional society 82
8.2.1 The matrilineal system 82
8.2.2 The patrilineal system 82
8.2.3 Male female relationships 84
8.3 The position of women in modern society 85
8.3.1 Women in the rural areas 85
8.3.2 Women in the urban areas 85
8.3.3 Male female relationships 86
Intra household obligations 87
Role expectations 88
8.4 The economic position of low income women in
the urban compounds 88
8.4.1 The effects of a weakening economy 88
8.4.2 Women in the informal sector 90
Income generating activities 91
Women s income 93
8.4.3 Class differences 93
8.4.4 Educational level 95
8.5 Social Status 98
8.5.1 Marriage 98
8.5.2 Marriage in a changing society 99
8.5.3 Divorce 99
8.5.4 Widowhood 101
6
8.5.5 Female heads of household 104
8.5.6 Other forms of social relationships 105
Relatives 105
In laws 106
Neighbours 106
Membership of organisations 107
Women s clubs 108
8.6 Cultural aspects of the position and status of women 108
8.6.1 Gender Ideology 108
8.6.2 Motherhood ideology 110
8.6.3 The development of a gender identity Ill
8.6.4 Gender identity and modern forms of initiation
and marriage rituals 113
8.6.5 Physical autonomy 114
8.6.6 Women and decision making 116
8.7 Political aspects of the position of women 118
8.7.1 Historical perspective 118
8.7.2 National machinery for WID 120
The Women s Affairs Committee 120
8.7.3 Women s rights and the MMD 121
8.7.4 Women s rights and the courts of justice 122
8.7.5 Women s rights in the compound 122
8.8 Conclusion 123
9. WOMEN S MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT.
A comparison of the perception of grassroots women and leaders
of women s organisations 127
9.1 Needs and perceptions of grassroots women in the compounds 127
9.1.1 Women s perception of development 127
9.1.2 Relationships within the family 137
9.1.3 Participation in women s projects 147
9.2 Women s leader s perception of women in development 147
9.2.1 Viewpoints on Women in Development in Zambia 149
9.2.2 Discussion on the role of women s organisations in Zambia. 157
9.2.3 Vision on the empowerment of women 161
9.3 Grassroots and elite women s perceptions on WID compared 171
10. NGOs AND WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT 173
10.1 Introduction 173
10.2 The role of NGOs in development 174
10.2.1 NGOs as channels for human centered development 174
10.2.2 NGOs and civil society 175
10.3 Zambia NGOs and the government 176
10.3.1 NGOs and the government 176
10.3.2 NGOs and donor agencies 178
10.3.3 Donor policy on WID 179
10.3.4 Internal constraints of NGOs 180
10.3.5 External constraints 181
10.4 Organisational aspects 181
10.4.1 Organisational management 181
10.4.2 Financial management 183
10.4.3 Human resources management 183
7
10.4.4 Project management 183
10.4.5 Gender aspects 184
10.5 NGOs and projects for women 185
10.5.1 Constraints in project implementation 185
10.5.2 Impact of women s projects 187
10.6 Women s organisations in Zambia 187
10.7 The YWCA of Zambia, a case study 190
10.7.1 Moving from welfare to empowerment 190
10.7.2 Objectives and programmes 190
10.7.3 Projects and staff support 191
10.7.4 Empowerment 192
Physical autonomy of women 192
x Socio cultural autonomy 193
Economic autonomy 196
; Political autonomy 197
10.7.5 A quality assessment 198
Organisational characteristics 198
Strategic planning 198
Striving for financial self reliance 199
10.8 Empowerment through networking: Unity is strength 199
10.8.1 Nairobi as a stimulus for cooperation 199
10.8.2 The NGO CC, a coordinating women s organisation 200
10.8.3 Problems in cooperation 200
10.9 Conclusion 201
11. CONCLUSION: EMPOWERMENT, A STRATEGIC INTERVENTION
FOR TRANSFORMATION 205
11.1 Summary of findings 205
11.2 Social interventions and transformation 206
11.2.1 A methodology for transformation 206
11.2.2 The dualistic role of the fieldworker 209
11.2.3 The dilemma of micro macro linkages 209
11.3 Institutional strengthening as a tool for the
empowerment of NGOs 210
11.4 Conclusion 212
ANNEXES 213
BIBLIOGRAPHY 229
8
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| spelling | Touwen- van der Kooij, Anne Verfasser aut Gender and development in Zambia empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations door Anne Touwen-van der Kooij [1996] 240 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Groningen, Rijksuniv., Diss., 1996 Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd rswk-swf Entwicklungspolitik (DE-588)4014957-2 gnd rswk-swf Sambia (DE-588)4076986-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Sambia (DE-588)4076986-0 g Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 s Entwicklungspolitik (DE-588)4014957-2 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007905349&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Touwen- van der Kooij, Anne Gender and development in Zambia empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd Entwicklungspolitik (DE-588)4014957-2 gnd |
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| title | Gender and development in Zambia empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations |
| title_auth | Gender and development in Zambia empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations |
| title_exact_search | Gender and development in Zambia empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations |
| title_full | Gender and development in Zambia empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations door Anne Touwen-van der Kooij |
| title_fullStr | Gender and development in Zambia empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations door Anne Touwen-van der Kooij |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender and development in Zambia empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations door Anne Touwen-van der Kooij |
| title_short | Gender and development in Zambia |
| title_sort | gender and development in zambia empowerment of women through local non governmental organisations |
| title_sub | empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations |
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