Bovine respiratory disease update:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia [u.a.]
Saunders
1997
|
| Schriftenreihe: | [The veterinary clinics of North America / Food animal practice]
13,3 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | IX S., S. 367 - 671 Ill. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bovine respiratory disease update |c Jerry Vestweber, ... guest ed. |
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| adam_text | BOVINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE UPDATE
CONTENTS
Preface xi
Jerry G. Vestweber and Guy St. Jean
Economic Impact Associated with Respiratory Disease in
Beef Cattle 367
Dee Griffin
Respiratory disease is reported to be the most costly disease of
beef cattle. This article discusses the impact of respiratory disease,
citing The Texas Ranch to Rail Program, the United States Meat
Animal Research Center (MARC) Evaluation of Therapeutic
Treatment, and Lung Lesions in Beef Cattle at Slaughter studies
in evaluating the economic imapct of bovine respiratory disease
(BRD).
Dairy Calf Pneumonia 379
Trevor R. Ames
The author discusses the syndrome of respiratory disease in dairy
calves, reviewing the disease and the causative agents. Attention
is given to the epidemiology of the disease with discussion of
morbidity, mortality, proportionate mortality and risk factors as¬
sociated with dairy calf pneumonia. The economic impact of
dairy calf pneumonia is discussed in detail and management
options for calf rearing are suggested.
Advances in Pulmonary Immunology 393
Louis J. Perino
This article discusses advances in pulmonary immunology with
the focus on clinically relevant, holistic issues. Management of
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA:
FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE VOLUME 13 • NUMBER 3 • NOVEMBER 1997 V
the immune system and assessment of pulmonary immunity are
presented. The interaction of immune system management and
integration of the beef industry, as well as beef quality assurance
initiatives, are also discussed. Some relevant mechanistic topics
dealing with mucosal immunity, host responses, and predispos¬
ing infections are covered, as well.
A Molecular Genetic Approach to Improved Animal
Health 401
Anne M. Ryan and James E. Womack
In the past decade, biotechnology has brought veterinary medi¬
cine an increased understanding of the effects of genetic back¬
ground on disease resistance and production traits. Specific point
mutations have been identified for a number of genetic diseases
and genetic testing; selective breeding programs can eliminate
these diseases from the population. Complex traits such as dis¬
ease resistance and production traits are thought to be under
the control of multiple genes, making their manipulation more
difficult. Because of their antiviral and immune modulating prop¬
erties, interferons may be a role in the host defense against viral
infection. The Type I interferon gene family has been detailed in
cattle and consists of approximately 32 genes clustered together
on bovine chromosome 8. These genes are very polymorphic in
the population, enabling studies on the association between al
leles at specific interferon loci and the severity of clinical diseases
following experimental Bovine Herpesvirus 1 infection. Associa¬
tions were observed between specific IFN genotypes and in¬
creased severity of clinical disease in a population of unrelated
cattle. With a better understanding of IFNs at the genetic level, it
may eventually be possible to manipulate the IFN response for
the therapeutic benefit of cattle, and lessen the economic impact
of specific diseases on cattle producers.
Respiratory Problems of Newborn Calves 411
Jerry G. Vestweber
Birth is an important time in the life of a calf, because of the
transition that must take place from intrauterine existence. This
article reviews the cardiopulmonary development of the fetus
and the adaptation that takes place shortly following birth. Any
delay in the birthing process makes the fetus quite susceptible to
asphyxia and death. Calves suffering from asphyxia need to be
recognized immediately and therapeutic measures delivered.
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus 425
John C. Baker, John A. Ellis, and Edward G. Clark
Bovine respiratory synctial virus (BRSV) is currently recognized
as an important viral pathogen in the bovine respiratory disease
complex. The relationship and similarities of BRSV to other pneu
Vi CONTENTS
moviruses are presented. The article reviews and updates the
current knowledge on the virus and its associated disease, current
techniques used in diagnosis, the present understanding of patho
genesis and immune response, and means of treatment and con¬
trol.
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis, Parainfluenza 3, and
Respiratory Coronavirus 455
Sanjay Kapil and Randall Basaraba
A number of viruses have been proven to be primary respiratory
pathogens of cattle. Viruses may play an important role in mak¬
ing cattle susceptible to secondary respiratory bacterial patho¬
gens. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and
important properties in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
(IBR), parainfluenza 3 (PI 3), and bovine respiratory coronavirus
(BRCV) are described in this article.
Bovine Respiratory Tract Disease Caused by Bovine Viral
Diarrhea Virus 471
Leon N.D. Potgeiter
Although several viruses and bacteria are capable of inducing
bovine respiratory tract disease, a pivotal organism in the cause of
this complex disease may be bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).
Circumstantial evidence has long supported this hypothesis. It is
frequently present in diseased respiratory tract tissues often to¬
gether with other viruses or bacteria. Field observations suggest
marked synergism occurs. Researchers have confirmed that, in
most instances, the virus itself elicits only a mild respiratory tract
disease in susceptible calves, but some strains may be much more
pneumo pathogenic than others. Experimental evidence now sup¬
ports the hypothesis, that BVDV markedly enhances respiratory
tract disease caused by IBRV, BRSV, or Pasteurella haemolytica;
that it impairs pulmonary immunity; and that it, by itself, may
produce mild respiratory tract disease.
Bacterial Pneumonia 483
Derek A. Mosier
Bacteria play a critical role in the severe pneumonia and fatalities
associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex. Although
numerous bacteria have the potential to cause pneumonia, only
a small number of these are responsible for the majority of cases
of disease. Virulence and immunogenic characteristics of these
organisms are important determinants of the host response to
infection. These bacterial characteristics are reviewed and applied
to a discussion of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention
of bacterial pneumonia is also discussed.
contents vii
Allergic Respiratory Disease 495
David C. Van Metre
Allergic diseases involving the respiratory tract discussed in this
article include allergic rhinitis, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, and
anaphylaxis. The clinical signs, origin, epidemiology, diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of these diseases are described. Other
diseases of the respiratory system, that are either proven or postu¬
lated to involve hypersensitivity, are discussed briefly at the end
of this article.
Respiratory Diagnostic Pathology 515
Gordon A. Andrews and George A. Kennedy
Effective treatment and control of bovine respiratory disease is
dependent upon an accurate diagnosis. This article discusses the
approach to diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease from the
perspective of respiratory pathology. Topics covered include nec¬
ropsy examination of the respiratory system, sample collection
and submission, and the gross, and histopathologic lesions of the
upper and lower bovine respiratory system.
Antimicrobial Therapy of Bovine Respiratory Disease 549
Mike Apley
Antimicrobials with a long history in the therapy of bovine respi¬
ratory disease are briefly reviewed. A discussion of extra label
antimicrobial use includes an overview of drugs commonly used
in conjunction with a look at regulations regarding this practice.
Ceftiofur sodium, tilmicosin phosphate, florfenicol, and en
rofloxacin are covered in greater depth. The issues of combination
antimicrobial therapy, interpretation of laboratory susceptibility
results, and case definition are also addressed.
Ancillary Therapy of Bovine Respiratory Disease 575
Mike Apley
Ancillary therapy for bovine respiratory disease is covered with
an emphasis on anti inflammatories. Theoretic rationale and any
available clinical data are reviewed for glucocorticosteroids as
well as nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs such as phenylbuta
zone, flunixin meglumine, and aspirin. Antihistamines, immuno
modulators, diuretics, and bronchodilators are also discussed.
Surgery of the Respiratory System 593
David E. Anderson and Guy St. Jean
Diseases effecting the respiratory tract are common in cattle;
however, surgery required for treatment of these diseases is infre¬
quent. Therefore, veterinarians may be reluctant to perform these
surgical procedures. Familiarity with the variety and complexity
viii CONTENTS
involved in various surgical procedures should reduce this anxi¬
ety. When used, surgery of the respiratory tract can offer signifi¬
cant benefit to the patient and profitable returns to the owner.
Preventative Programs for Respiratory Disease in
Cow/Calf Operations 647
Terry J. Engelken
Designing preventative programs against respiratory disease in
cow/calf operations presents a challenge to the producer and
veterinary practitioner. Data from actual field trials examining
the incidence and causes of respiratory disease in suckling beef
calves is incomplete at best. When this is combined with the
effects of passive immune status and the logistics of handling a
range animal, it can be difficult to deliver adequate protection.
Scientific information for disease prevention in the weaned calf
is much more abundant and can be combined with economic
considerations to provide cost effective programs. This article
discusses factors that the veterinarian should consider when de¬
veloping preventative programs for their cow/calf clients.
Index 661
Subscription information Inside back cover
CONTENTS *x
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| title | Bovine respiratory disease update |
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