International migration in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of independent states:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
United Nations
1996
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Economic studies
8 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | IX, 143 S. |
| ISBN: | 9211007224 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126191663185920 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Explanatory notes x
Preface xi
Chapter I
OVERVIEW
Tomas Frejka
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Historical overview 2
1.3 International migration in the early 1990s 5
(i) Migration due to armed conflicts 6
(ii) Migration between the successor states of the former USSR.: 7
(iii) Transit migration 7
(iv) The overall picture 8
1.4 A causal background to international migration 11
1.5 Conclusions 14
Annex 17
Chapter 2
ALBANIA
Vladimir Misja
2.1 Introduction: general information on migratory movements 21
(i) Aspects of international migration 21
(ii) Aspects of internal migration 22
2.2 Internal migratory movements by geographical zones and regions 23
2.3 Recent international migration 23
(i) Socio demographic characteristics 24
(ii) Socio economic characteristics 24
2.4 Obtaining information about the migratory process 25
2.5 International migration policies 26
2.6 Causes and consequences of international migration 26
(i) The influence of economics on migration 26
(ii) The role of remittances sent by migrants 27
Chapter 3
BELARUS
Vladimir Belozor
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 Belarus s demographic status 29
3.3 Migration in the Soviet era, Chernobyl, and reactions to independence 31
3.4 Movement abroad and the brain drain 33
3.5 Immigration from the east 34
3.6 Government action on migration and migration policy considerations 34
iii
Chapter 4
BULGARIA
Daniela Bobeva
4.1 Introduction: Bulgaria at the crossroads of migratory flows 37
4.2 Contemporary emigration 37
(i) Emigration to Turkey.. 37
(ii) Emigration to Europe and America 39
(iii) The emigration boom of 1990 40
(iv) 1991 1992 emigration 41
(v) Emigration tendencies in 1993 41
4.3 Immigration 42
(i) Transit travels and illegal immigration 42
(ii) Labour migration 43
4.4 Refugees and asylum seekers 44
4.5 Concepts and information on migration 44
4.6 Policies and politics 45
4.7 Potential emigration . 46
4:8 Conclusion 46
Chapter 5
CZECH REPUBLIC
Jarm Ha Maresovd
5.1 Introduction 49
5.2 Migration after 1989 50
5.3 Migration movements by geographical area 52
5.4 Structural characteristics of migrants 53
5.5 Information on the migration process 54
5.6 The role of policies and politics 54
5.7 Conclusion 55
Chapter 6
ESTONIA
LuuleSakkeus
6.1 Introduction: an historical background 57
6.2 Methodological considerations: data sources and their reliability 58
6.3 Recent migratory trends ¦.. 59
. (i) Internal migration , 59
(ii) International migration ..; 59
(a) Migration with the (former) USSR 59
(b) Migration with the rest of the world , 61
6.4 Migration policy 64
6.5 Causes and consequences of migratory processes 65
• 6.6 Future research . : : 65
Chapter 7
HUNGARY
Judit Juhctsz
7.1 ¦ Introduction: an historical overview of migration in Hungary , 69
(i) Migration in medieval Hungary 69
(ii) Central and eastern European migratory particularities 69
(iii) Migration between the 1880s and the Second World War 70
(iv) Migration streams between 1945 and 1956 70
(v) The exodus of 1956 „ 71
(vi) From revolution to change of regime 71
7.2 Recent migratory trends in Hungary 72
(i) Immigration 72
iv
(a) Politics and public opinion 72
(b) Legislation 73
(c) What do the statistics show? 74
(d) Spatial distribution of immigrants in Hungary ; 74
(e) Central and eastern European peculiarities 74
(ii) Emigration 75
(a) Emigration policy, legislation and public opinion 75
(b) Emigration statistics 75
(c) The motives and characteristics of emigration 76
(d) The characteristics of potential emigrants 77
(e) The old emigrants 77
(f) Why is there no mass emigration from Hungary? 77
7.3 Further research 78
Chapter 8
LITHUANIA
Audra Sipaviciene
8.1 Introduction 81
(i) Sources of data 81
(ii) Migration trends 81
8.2 Geographical sources of emigrants 85
8.3 Socio demographic characteristics 86
(i) Sex composition 86
(ii) Age structure 87
(iii) Marital status 88
(iv) Educational attainments 88
(v) Ethnic composition 88
(vi) Attitudes 88
8.4 Migration policy 90
(i) Emigration 90
(ii) Immigration 91
(iii) Migration between the Baltic States 91
(iv) Refugees and asylum seekers 91
8.5 Summary 92
Chapter 9
POLAND
Marek Okolski
9.1 Introduction 95
9.2 Emigration according to geographical areas 98
9.3 Types of emigration 99
9.4 Intentions of emigrants and attitudes towards immigrants 103
9.5 The importance of the Polish diaspora 104
9.6 Migration policy 104
9.7 The demographic effects of migration 107
9.8 Conclusions 108
Chapter 10
ROMANIA
Constantin Ciutacu
10.1 Introduction Ill
10.2 General demographic framework Ill
10.3 International migratory trends 112
10.4 Present and future causes of emigration 115
10.5 Conclusion: the challenge for the future 116
v
Chapter 11
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Zhanna Zayonchkovskaya
11.1 Introduction 119
11.2 Sources of data 119
11.3 Russia s basic migration trends 119
11.4 Russia and the other republics 121
11.5 Migrations of Russians 121
11.6 Migrations of non Russians 123
11.7 Internal migrations 124
11.8 Emigration beyond the former USSR 126
11.9 Migration policy 127
11.10 Conclusion 128
Chapter 12
UKRAINE
Serhiy Pyrozhkov
12.1 Introduction 131
12.2 Internal migration 133
12.3 Effects of migration on ethnic composition . . 133
12.4 Legislative developments 134
12.5 Ecological migration 135
12.6 Social consequences of migration 135
12.7 Recent migration patterns, causes, and consequences 135
Chapter 13
THE FORMER SOVIET UNION
Oleg V. Shamshur
13.1 Introduction: the changing character of post Soviet migration 137
13.2 Migration movements within the FSU 138
13.3 External migration 139
13.4 Alternatives 140
vi
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1.1 International migration, central and eastern Europe, 1851 1993 3
TABLE 1.2 Refugees, internally displaced persons and assisted war victims, ECE region, December 1993.. 6
TABLE 1.3 International migration, Russian Federation, 1993 8
TABLE 1.4 Net migration to the Russian Federation from the former Soviet republics, 1989 June 1994 8
TABLE 1.5 Selected measures of emigration to western countries, central and eastern Europe and the
Soviet Union, 1991 1993 9
TABLE 1.6 General characterization of international migration trends, central and eastern Europe and
Soviet Union (successor states), early 1990s 10
TABLE 1.7 International migration: Germany, central and eastern Europe and the Soviet Union,
1991 1993 10
TABLE 1.8 Emigration of ethnic German Aussiedler, central and eastern Europe and the Soviet Union,
1950 1994 ...11
TABLE 1.9 Emigration of Jews, central and eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, 1948 1993 11
TABLE 1.10 European transition countries, selected economic variables, 1993 1994 12
TABLE 1.11 West European countries, selected measures., 1993 1994 13
TABLE 2.1 Increase in urban and rural population, Albania, 1979 and 1989 22
TABLE 2.2 Internal migration, Albania, 1979 1989 22
TABLE 2.3 Male female ratio, in the 15 29 age group, Albania, 1979 and 1989 22
TABLE 2.4 Proportion of urban population, selected regions and countries, 1950 1990 23
TABLE 2.5 Albania s 20 regions with a negative net migration, 1981 1991 23
TABLE 2.6 Population distribution, according to altitude, Albania 1945,1960 and 1989 23
TABLE 2.7 Population increase, by altitude, 1960 1989 24
TABLE 2.8 Albanian emigrants to Greece and Italy, according to age group, 1992 1993 24
TABLE 2.9 Duration of Albanian migrant employment in Greece and Italy, 1990 1993 25
TABLE 2.10 Albanian migrant intentions, 1993 25
TABLE 2.11 Investment by five year periods, Albania, 1946 1990 26
TABLE 2.12 Remittances sent home by migrants from Mediterranean countries, 1989 and 1991 27
TABLE 3.1 Annual population growth, Belarus, 1950 1993 30
TABLE 3.2 Number of arrivals, departures, and migration growth of population in urban settlements,
Belarus, 1945 1992 31
TABLE 3.3 Urban settlement migrants, by place of departure and arrival, Belarus, 1980 1992 32
TABLE 3.4 Migration relations, Belarus and the former USSR republics, 1989 1992 32
TABLE 3.5 Migration exchanges, Belarus and the former USSR republics, by regions of Belarus,
1989 1992 33
TABLE 3.6 Migration relations, Belarus and foreign countries, by region of Belarus, 1989 1992 33
TABLE 4.1 Ethnic structure of population, Bulgaria, 1900 1992 38
TABLE 4.2 Bulgarian emigrants to Turkey, 1931 1976 38
TABLE 4.3 Bulgarian emigrants, by gender, 1989 1992 39
TABLE 4.4 Bulgarian emigrants to Turkey, by gender, 1989 1992 39
TABLE 4.5 Emigrants, by age, Bulgaria, 1989 1992 39
TABLE 4.6 Travels of Bulgarian citizens abroad, 1988 1992 40
TABLE 4.7 Travels of Bulgarians, according to reason for travel, 1990 1992 40
TABLE 4.8 Emigrants, by level of education attained, Bulgaria,1990 1992 40
TABLE 4.9 Emigrants, by professional group, Bulgaria, 1990 41
TABLE 4.10 Emigration, by destination, Bulgaria, 1992 41
TABLE 4.11 Foreign visitors, by purpose of visit, Bulgaria, 1990 1993 42
TABLE 4.12 Foreign visitors to Bulgaria, by country of origin, 1993 42
TABLE 4.13 Foreign visitors to Bulgaria by country of origin, 1990 1993 42
TABLE 4.14 Foreign residents in Bulgaria, by category, 1993 43
TABLE 4.15 Foreign workers, by sector, Bulgaria, February 1993 43
TABLE 5.1 Emigration, Czechoslovakia, 1990 50
TABLE 5.2 Immigration, by country of departure, Czechoslovakia 51
TABLE 5.3 Work permits issued to foreigners in the Czech Republic, 1991 1993 52
TABLE 5.4 Rate of permanent emigration in selected regions and districts, Czech Republic, 1992 53
TABLE 5.5 Rate of labour emigration, selected districts, Czech Republic, 1992 53
vii
TABLE 5.6 Migration, Czech Republic, 1989 1993 53
TABLE 6.1 Emigration and immigration, Estonia, by country, 1988 1991 60
TABLE 6.2 International migration between Estonia and other western countries, 1984 1991 62
TABLE 6.3 Migration, Estonia, 1946 1990 63
TABLE 6.4 Crude migration rates, by ethnicity, 1989 64
TABLE 7.1 Migrants and repatriates, Hungary, 1925 1941 , 71
TABLE 7.2 International migration flows, Hungary 1970 1989 72
TABLE 7.3 Long term immigration flows, by citizenship and year of entry, Hungary, 1980 1993 73
TABLE 7.4 Opinions about emigration, Hungary, 1989 75
TABLE 7.5 Emigration from Hungary, as reported by receiving countries, 1987 1990 76
TABLE 8.1 Total migration mobility rates, Lithuania, 1961 1992 81
TABLE 8.2 Urban and rural net migration. Lithuania, 1971 1992 83
TABLE 8.3 Main migration flows, Lithuania, 1980 1993 84
TABLE 8.4 Emigration from Lithuania, by country of destination, 1991 1992 85
TABLE 8.5 Migration between Lithuania and the former USSR, 1970 1993 86
TABLE 8.6 Migrants detained by the State Border Control Service, Lithuania, 1992 1993 86
TABLE 8.7 Foreign migration, according to age and sex, Lithuania, 1992 87
TABLE 8.8 Migration, by marital status of persons 16 years and older, Lithuania, 1991 1992 87
TABLE 8.9 Educational attainment of emigrants 16 years and over and resident population 15 years
and over, 1991 1992 88
TABLE 8.10 Net migration, by nationality, Lithuania, 1987 1992 89
TABLE 8.11 Main reasons for migration, Lithuania, 1992 89
TABLE 9.1 International migration, Poland, 1981 1992 .95
TABLE 9.2 Legal emigrants, by major destination, Poland, 1981 1992 96
TABLE 9.3 Illegal net emigrants, by country of destination, Poland, 31 April 1981 31 December 1988 97
TABLE 9.4 Immigrants to Poland, by country or continent of origin, 1988 1992 97
TABLE 9.5 Net emigration from Poland to capitalist countries, by groups of large administrative units
(wojewodztwo), 1 January 1981 6 December 1988 98
TABLE 9.6 Emigration, Poland 99
TABLE 9.7 Emigration, by age and sex, Poland, 1980 1991 101
TABLE 9.8 Migrants, by sex and marital status, Poland, 1981 1992 102
TABLE 9.9 Educational attainment of emigrants, age 15 or above, by sex, Poland, 1988 1992 102
TABLE 9.10 Population growth, official and estimated net migration, by selected major administrative
units (wojewodztwo), Poland, 1990 108
TABLE 10.1 Population, 1977 and 1992 censuses, by province, Romania 112
TABLE 10.2 Ethnic Germans migrating to Germany, total and from Romania, 1968 1991 112
TABLE 10.3 Legal emigrants by country of origin, Romania, 1990 1992 113
TABLE 10.4 Legal emigrants, by ethnicity, Romania, 1990 1992 . 113
TABLE 10.5 Legal emigrants, by age, Romania, 1990 1992 114
TABLE 10.6 Legal emigrants, by professional training, Romania, 1990 1992 114
TABLE 10.7 Legal emigrants, by country of destination, Romania, 1990 1992 114
TABLE 11.1 Migration, Russia, 1990 1992 120
TABLE 11.2 Net migration, Russia and republics of the former USSR, 1961 1990 J21
TABLE 11.3 Net migration, Russia and the successor states of the former USSR, 1989 1992 121
TABLE 11.4 Net migration of Russians, from the successor states of the former USSR into Russia,
1990 1992 122
TABLE 11.5 Migration intentions of Russians living in the republics of the former USSR, 1991 1992 123
TABLE 11.6 Ethnic composition of net migration, Russia, 1990 1992 124
TABLE 11.7 Net migration of the urban and rural population, Russia, 1979 1992 125
TABLE 11.8 Net migration, by economic region, Russia, 1979 1992 125
TABLE 11.9 Permanent emigration, Russia and former USSR, 1987 1992 126
TABLE 11.10 Emigration from Russia, by country of destination, 1989 1992 126
TABLE 11.11 Ethnic composition of emigrants from the former USSR, 1990 and 1992 127
TABLE 12.1 Population growth, 1990 132
TABLE 12.2 Change of permanent residence, according to time lived at last residence, Ukraine 133
TABLE 12.3 Migration, by ethnicity, urban areas, Ukraine, 1990 134
TABLE 12.4 Emigration, Ukraine, 1986 1992 136
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 6.1 Internal migration rate, by sex, Estonia and the USSR, 1968 1990 59
FIGURE 6.2 Migration exchange with the USSR, urban population, Estonia, 1946 1991 60
FIGURE 6.3 Percentage of foreign born population in Estonia and selected member states of the
Council of Europe, 1990 61
FIGURE 6.4 International migration, urban population, Estonia, 1946 1991 64
FIGURE 8.1 Migration directions in Lithuania, 1971 1992 82
FIGURE 8.2 Rural migration, 1980 1992, in thousands, and net emigration rates, 1960 1992, per thousand
rural inhabitants 83
FIGURE 8.3 Migration with foreign countries, 1966 1992 (excluding the former USSR) 84
ix
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| geographic | Comunidad de Estados Independientes - Emigración e inmigración Europa Oriental - Emigración e inmigración Europe centrale - Émigration et immigration - Histoire Europe de l'Est - Émigration et immigration - Histoire Europe, Central Emigration and immigration History Europe, Eastern Emigration and immigration History Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Comunidad de Estados Independientes - Emigración e inmigración Europa Oriental - Emigración e inmigración Europe centrale - Émigration et immigration - Histoire Europe de l'Est - Émigration et immigration - Histoire Europe, Central Emigration and immigration History Europe, Eastern Emigration and immigration History Osteuropa |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:13:32Z |
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| language | English |
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| owner_facet | DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-739 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-473 DE-BY-UBG |
| physical | IX, 143 S. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | United Nations |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Economic studies |
| series2 | Economic studies |
| spelling | International migration in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of independent states United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ... Ed. by Tomas Frejka ... New York [u.a.] United Nations 1996 IX, 143 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Economic studies 8 Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 gnd rswk-swf Binnenlandse migratie gtt Geschichte Migration Internationale Migration (DE-588)4162051-3 gnd rswk-swf Comunidad de Estados Independientes - Emigración e inmigración Europa Oriental - Emigración e inmigración Europe centrale - Émigration et immigration - Histoire Europe de l'Est - Émigration et immigration - Histoire Europe, Central Emigration and immigration History Europe, Eastern Emigration and immigration History Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Internationale Migration (DE-588)4162051-3 s DE-604 Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 b Frejka, Tomas 1932-2022 (DE-588)171598016 edt Economic studies 8 (DE-604)BV008280337 8 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007857676&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | International migration in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of independent states Economic studies Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 gnd Binnenlandse migratie gtt Geschichte Migration Internationale Migration (DE-588)4162051-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)2128486-6 (DE-588)4162051-3 (DE-588)4075739-0 |
| title | International migration in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of independent states |
| title_auth | International migration in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of independent states |
| title_exact_search | International migration in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of independent states |
| title_full | International migration in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of independent states United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ... Ed. by Tomas Frejka ... |
| title_fullStr | International migration in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of independent states United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ... Ed. by Tomas Frejka ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | International migration in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of independent states United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ... Ed. by Tomas Frejka ... |
| title_short | International migration in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of independent states |
| title_sort | international migration in central and eastern europe and the commonwealth of independent states |
| topic | Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten (DE-588)2128486-6 gnd Binnenlandse migratie gtt Geschichte Migration Internationale Migration (DE-588)4162051-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten Binnenlandse migratie Geschichte Migration Internationale Migration Comunidad de Estados Independientes - Emigración e inmigración Europa Oriental - Emigración e inmigración Europe centrale - Émigration et immigration - Histoire Europe de l'Est - Émigration et immigration - Histoire Europe, Central Emigration and immigration History Europe, Eastern Emigration and immigration History Osteuropa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007857676&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008280337 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT frejkatomas internationalmigrationincentralandeasterneuropeandthecommonwealthofindependentstates |