In search of open skies: law and policy for a new era in international aviation ; a comparative study of airline deregulation in the United States and the European Union
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
The Hague [u.a.]
Kluwer Law Internat.
1997
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIV, 534 S. |
| ISBN: | 9041103538 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a In search of open skies |b law and policy for a new era in international aviation ; a comparative study of airline deregulation in the United States and the European Union |c Brian F. Havel |
| 264 | 1 | |a The Hague [u.a.] |b Kluwer Law Internat. |c 1997 | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Compagnies de transport aérien - Déréglementation - Pays de l'Union européenne |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Droit aérien (droit européen) |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Liberalisatie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Luchtrecht |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Luchtvervoer |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Transports aérien - Droit - Etats-Unis |2 ram | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Aeronautics, Commercial |x Law and legislation |z United States | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Airlines |x Deregulation |z European Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Airlines |x Deregulation |z United States | |
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IN SEARCH OF OPEN SKIES: LAW AND POLICY FOR A NEW ERA IN INTERNATIONAL
AVIATION BRIAN F. HAVEL A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AIRLINE DEREGULATION IN
THE UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL THE
HAGUE * LONDON * BOSTON 1997 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD BY THE RT. HON.
NEIL KINNOCK, EU COMMISSIONER FOR TRANSPORT XVII PREFACE XIX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XXI TABLE OF ACRONYMS XXIII 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1
PREPARING FOR A NEW ERA IN INTERNATIONAL AVIATION 1 1.1.1 US AND EU
INTERNATIONAL AVIATION POLICY: A NEW CONVERGENCE 2 1.1.2 US/EU AVIATION
RELATIONS IN THE 1990S: GRAND AERODIPLOMACY BEGINS 6 1.2 THE "CHICAGO
SYSTEM" * AND A PROPOSAL FOR REFORM 16 1.2.1 THE WORLD AIR TRANSPORT
INDUSTRY: AN OVERVIEW 17 1.2.2 A SYNOPTIC VIEW OF THE CHICAGO SYSTEM 18
1.2.3 SEEKING FLEXIBILITY WITHIN THE CHICAGO SYSTEM: THE US OPEN SKIES
INITIATIVE 21 1.2.4 A PROPOSAL FOR REFORM: PRINCIPLES FOR A NEW
PLURILATERAL TREATY 23 2 THE SWAY OF SOVEREIGNTY: A CLOSED SYSTEM OF
INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT 29 2.1 THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE
CHICAGO SYSTEM 29 2.2. THE DOCTRINE OF AIRSPACE SOVEREIGNTY 31 2.3 "THE
FREEDOMS OF THE AIR" AND THE RISE OF BILATERALISM 35 2.3.1 A SOVEREIGN
IRONY: THE FIVE FREEDOMS 35 2.3.2 AFTER CHICAGO: THE EMBRACE OF
BILATERALISM 39 VU TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.3.2.1 EARLY-MODEL BILATERALISM:
BERMUDA I 41 2.3.2.2 LATE-MODEL BILATERALISM: BERMUDA II 46 2.4
SOVEREIGNTY ASCENDANT: THE DOCTRINE OF CABOTAGE 49 2.4.1 A PRINCIPLE OF
EXCLUSION 49 2.4.2 CABOTAGE IN EUROPE AND THE US: ENCOUNTERS WITH NEW
ISSUES OF LAW AND POLICY 51 2.4.2.1 POOLING AIRSPACES IN THE EU: CAN
CABOTAGE BE TRADED AWAY? 51 2.4.2.2 CABOTAGE AND THE MAKING OF US
INTERNATIONAL AVIATION POLICY 54 2.4.2.2.1 THE LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF US
CABOTAGE 54 2.4.2.2.2 ABANDONING US CABOTAGE: THE PRICE OF A NEW
MULTILATERALISM? 56 2.5 SOVEREIGNTY AND CHAUVINISM: THE NATIONALITY RULE
62 2.5.1 ANOTHER PRINCIPLE OF EXCLUSION 62 2.5.2 PROSCRIBING
MULTINATIONAL AIRLINES: THE NATIONALITY RULE IN DOMESTIC LAW 64 2.5.2.1
A CASE STUDY IN THE NATIONALITY RULE: THE KLM/NORTHWEST ALLIANCE 65
2.5.2.1.1 AIRLINE CITIZENSHIP: LAW AND POLICY IN THE US 65 2.5.2.1.2
KLM/NORTHWEST: THE LONG SHADOW OF AEROPOLITICS 69 2.5.3 LESSONS OF
KLM/NORTHWEST: THE FUTURE OF THE NATIONALITY RULE 77 2.5.3.1 FOR
AIRLINES, AN UNPREDICTABLE DOCTRINE 77 2.5.3.2 LEVERAGING
MULTILATERALISM: SHOULD THE NATIONALITY RULE BE REPEALED? 79 2.6 FLYING
THE NATIONAL FLAG: PUBLIC OWNERSHIP, PUBLIC SUBSIDY, AND FREEDOM FROM
COMPETITION 85 2.6.1 SOVEREIGNS IN FLIGHT: THE ERA OF THE FLAG CARRIERS
85 2.6.2 THE RETREAT OF THE STATE: THE AGE OF DEREGULATION 89 2.6.2.1
NEW MODELS OF AIRLINE REGULATION IN THE US AND EU 89 2.6.2.2
DEREGULATING THROUGH PRIVATIZATION: AN EU PHENOMENON 93 2.7 THE
PERSISTENCE OF THE REGULATORY COMPLEX: COMPUTER RESERVATIONS SYSTEMS AND
AIRPORT ACCESS 95 2.7.1 CRS REGULATION: IMPEDING ABUSE OF AN INFORMATION
MARVEL 96 2.7.2 REGULATING ACCESS TO AIRPORTS: REDUCING THE THREAT TO
COMPETITION 99 VIU TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.8 THE CHICAGO SYSTEM IN
TRANSITION: STRATEGIC ALLIANCES AND CODE-SHARING 101 2.8.1 DEFYING THE
CHICAGO RULE: "PRIVATE" SOLUTIONS TO THE NATIONALITY RULE PROBLEM 101
2.8.2 THE NEW INTERNATIONAL MARKETING ALLIANCES 102 2.8.2.1 STRATEGIES
FOR ALLIANCE-BUILDING 102 2.8.2.2 STATE OF THE ART: THE KLM/NORTHWEST
ALLIANCE 104 2.8.3 CODE-SHARE AGREEMENTS: CAMOUFLAGE FOR CABOTAGE? 108
2.8.3.1 A TYPOLOGY OF CODE-SHARES 108 2.8.3.2 IS CODE-SHARING A
VIOLATION OF CABOTAGE? 112 2.8.3.3 A COSTLY COMPROMISE FOR US
INTERNATIONAL AVIATION POLICY * AND THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY 114 2.8.3.4
REGULATING CODE-SHARES: THE CONSUMER DECEPTION PROBLEM 118 2.9
MULTILATERALISM AND REGIONALISM IN THE CHICAGO SYSTEM 119 2.10 REFORMING
THE CHICAGO SYSTEM: A LOOK FORWARD 125 3 TARGET JURISDICTION I THE
UNITED STATES: DEREGULATION IN A SINGLE AIRSPACE SOVEREIGNTY 127 3.1
INTRODUCTION 127 3.2 THE LEGAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 129 3.2.1 THE
REGULATORY ERA: THE KITTY HAWK IRONY 129 3.2.1.1 CAB ROUTE AUTHORITY:
THE "GRANDFATHER" SYNDROME 131 3.2.1.2 CAB RATE AUTHORITY: THE "PULLMAN"
EFFECT 133 3.2.1.3 CAB ANTITRUST AUTHORITY: REGULATORY OMNIPOTENCE 135
3.2.2 A DEREGULATORY IMPULSE: THE KENNEDY REPORT 137 3.2.3 THE
LEGISLATIVE RESPONSE: BIPARTISANSHIP, BUT NO "BIG BANG" 140 3.2.3.1 CAB
ROUTE DEREGULATION: THE FIT, THE WILLING, AND THE ABLE 143 3.2.3.2 CAB
RATE DEREGULATION: THE ZONAL APPROACH 145 3.2.3.3 CAB ANTITRUST
DEREGULATION: THE LONGEST SUNSET 147 3.2.3.4 A REGULATORY SURVIVOR:
SMALL COMMUNITY SERVICE 150 3.2.4 DEREGULATION BY THE REGULATORS: THE
KAHN MUTINY 151 3.3 EXPORTING DEREGULATION: PROBING THE LIMITS OF
BILATERALISM 154 3.3.1 THE EMERGENCE OF AN OPEN SKIES INTERNATIONAL
AVIATION POLICY 154 3.3.2 THE IATCA: AN AMBIVALENT CHALLENGE TO
BILATERALISM 159 3.3.2.1 THE IATCA'S "SOFT LAW" APPROACH TO THE CHICAGO
SYSTEM 160 3.3.2.2 PROTECTING US CARRIERS: THE IATCA'S "HARD LAW"
APPROACH 161 IX TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.3.3 THE IATCA AND THE CHICAGO
SYSTEM: REGULATION PRESERVED 164 3.3.3.1 INTERNATIONAL DESIGNATION:
ROUTES FOR SALE 164 3.3.3.2 INTERNATIONAL RATEMAKING: ZONALISM AND THE
POWER TO RETALIATE 167 3.3.3.3 INTERNATIONAL ANTITRUST REGULATION:
WIELDING THE WAND OF IMMUNITY 169 3.3.3.3.1 AVOIDING THE SUNSET 169
3.3.3.3.2 A CASE STUDY IN ANTITRUST IMMUNIZATION: THE KLM/NORTHWEST
ALLIANCE 170 3.3.3.3.3 THE 1996 IMMUNITY PROCEEDINGS: UNRESOLVED
CONFLICTS OF LAW AND POLICY 174 3.3.4 THE CONCEPTUAL FAILURE OF
BILATERAL OPEN SKIES: A NEED TO RECONCEPTUALIZE US AVIATION STRATEGY 178
3.3.4.1 OPEN SKIES AND RETRENCHMENT: US BILATERAL RELATIONS 1978-92 178
3.3.4.1.1 PROFILES IN DISCONTENT: US/EUROPEAN AEROPOLITICS 181 3.3.4.1.2
FIFTH FREEDOM DISCORD: US/ASIAN BILATERAL AIR RELATIONS 185 3.3.4.1.3
THE US RESPONSE: RETALIATION WITHOUT DENUNCIATION 187 3.3.4.2 OPEN SKIES
AFTER 1992: TIME FOR A RECONCEPTUALIZATION 190 3.4 A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT
OF US FEDERAL AIRLINE DEREGULATION 198 3.4.1 THE PRECEDENTIAL VALUE OF
THE US EXPERIENCE 198 3.4.2 THE NEED FOR COMPETITION POLICY * AND FOR
ITS ENFORCEMENT 199 3.4.2.1 THE STRUCTURAL SURPRISES OF US DEREGULATION
199 3.4.2.2 THE FORTRESS EFFECT: HUB-AND-SPOKE SYSTEMS 201 3.4.2.3 THE
CRS PHENOMENON: CAN REGULATION COUNTER BIAS? 204 3.4.2.4 LOYALTY
PROGRAMS AND SLOT/GATE SCARCITY: MORE NON- PRICE ENTRY BARRIERS? 209
3.4.2.5 THE DECLINE AND REVIVAL OF A MERGER POLICY FOR THE US AIRLINE
INDUSTRY 214 3.4.2.5.1 MERGERS IN THE REAGAN ERA: LAISSEZ-FAIRE UNDER
CAB/DOT REVIEW 215 3.4.2.5.2 AFTER 1989: PORTENTS OF ACTIVISM AT THE
ANTITRUST DIVISION 219 3.4.2.6 IS THERE AN APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF
REGULATORY VIGILANCE? * A CASE STUDY 221 3.4.3 REJECTING A RETURN TO
REGULATION: AN INDUSTRY IN TRANSITION 226 3.4.3.1 THE LOST CAUSE OF
REREGULATION 226 3.4.3.2 US AIRLINE DEREGULATION: AN UNFINISHED
EXPERIMENT 229 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 TARGET JURISDICTION II THE EUROPEAN
UNION: AN EXPERIMENT IN MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION 233 4.1 INTRODUCTION
233 4.2 THE SUPRANATIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF EU AIRLINE DEREGULATION 237
4.2.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE EU LEGAL ORDER 237 4.2.2 THE EU'S
SUPRANATIONAL MINUET: THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS 240 4.2.2.1 THE COUNCIL OF
MINISTERS 242 4.2.2.2 THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 244 4.2.2.3 THE EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT 246 4.2.2.4 A TAXONOMY OF LEGISLATIVE ACTS 247 4.2.3 THE
EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE: TRUSTEE OF THE SUPREMACY OFEULAW 249 4.2.4
LEADING FROM THE CENTER: THE EC TREATY'S CODE OF COMPETITION 252 4.2.4.1
THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES OF EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW 254
4.2.4.1.1 REGULATING PRIVATE ACTION: ARTICLES 85 AND 86, REGULATION 17
254 4.2.4.1.2 APPLYING ARTICLE 86 IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY
257 4.2.4.1.3 US-STYLE MERGER CONTROL COMES TO THE COMMON MARKET 260
4.2.4.2 REGULATING PUBLIC ACTION: THE WELL OF PUBLIC SUBSIDY 262 4.2.4.3
INDUSTRIAL POLICY: AN INTRUDER IN THE EU COMPETITION SYSTEM? 265 4.2.5
TOWARD MULTILATERALISM: EXTERNAL RELATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 267
4.2.5.1 DEFINING THE EXTERNAL RELATIONS COMPETENCE OF THE EU 267
4.2.5.1.1 A CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS FOR EXTERNAL COMPETENCE 268 4.2.5.1.2
THE COURT OF JUSTICE GATS RULING: A COMMISSION VICTORY? 269 4.2.5.2
CREATING NEW FORMS OF EXTERNAL RELATIONSHIPS 275 4.2.5.2.1 "EXPORTING"
AIRLINE DEREGULATION I: THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA 275 4.2.5.2.2
EXPORTING AIRLINE DEREGULATION II: THE NORWAY/SWEDEN AGREEMENT 277 4.3
AIRLINE DEREGULATION COMES TO THE COMMON MARKET: A CROSS-INSTITUTIONAL
PROCESS 278 4.3.1 "A SECTOR FOR URGENT ACTION" 278 4.3.2 HERMENEUTICS
AND THE TRANSPORT TITLE 279 4.3.3 COMPETITION ENTERS THE EU AIR
TRANSPORT LEXICON: AN INSTITUTIONAL SYNERGY 281 XI TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.3.3.1 THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION'S DESIGNS FOR AIR TRANSPORT: MEMORANDA 1
AND 2 281 4.3.3.2 DEUS EX MACHINA: THE COURT OF JUSTICE MEETS THE
AIRLINES 288 4.3.3.2.1 COMMISSION V. FRENCH REPUBLIC: APPLYING THE
"GENERAL RULES" OF THE EC TREATY 289 4.3.3.2.2 PARLIAMENT V. COUNCIL:
FREEDOM OF SERVICES IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR 290 4.3.3.2.3 NOUVELLES
FRONTIERES: APPLYING THE COMPETITION RULES TO AIR TRANSPORT 293
4.3.3.2.4 NOUVELLES FRONTIERES: THE AFTERMATH 298 4.3.3.3 THE FINAL
SPUR: THE SINGLE EUROPEAN ACT 301 4.4 EU AIRLINE DEREGULATION: A
LEGISLATIVE TRIPTYCH 302 4.4.1 THE GRAND DESIGN 302 4.4.2 THE TRIPTYCH:
THREE PACKAGES, THREE AREAS OF LIBERALIZATION 305 4.4.2.1 TOWARD PRICING
FREEDOM: DEREGULATING CONTROL OF FARES 1987/92 306 4.4.2.1.1 1987:
ZONALISM 306 4.4.2.1.2 1990: ZONALISM EXTENDED 308 4.4.2.1.3 1992:
PRICING FREEDOM FOR THE AIRLINES 310 4.4.2.2 OPENING UP THE AIRWAYS:
CAPACITY AND MARKET ACCESS 1987/92 314 4.4.2.2.1 1987: CHICAGO-STYLE
SOLUTIONS 314 4.4.2.2.2 1990: DEFINING MARKET ACCESS PRINCIPLES 317
4.4.2.2.3 1992: APPROACHING CABOTAGE 320 4.4.2.3 NEW FRONTIERS: APPLYING
COMPETITION LAW TO THE AIRLINES 1987/92 324 4.4.2.3.1 1987: A
ONE-PACKAGE DEAL FOR COMPETITION LAW 324 4.4.2.3.2 1990/91: A NEW
SUMMARY ENFORCEMENT JURISDICTION 333 4.4.2.3.3 1992: CABOTAGE AND THE
COMPETITION CODE 335 4.4.3 THREE COUNTERPOINTS IN THE EU DEREGULATION
EXPERIMENT 336 4.5 A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF EU AIRLINE DEREGULATION:
SIGNPOSTS FOR A NEW PLURILATERAL REGIME 338 4.5.1 THE PRECEDENTIAL VALUE
OF THE EU EXPERIMENT 338 4.5.2 BUILDING THE SINGLE AVIATION MARKET:
BANNER ISSUES OF LAW AND POLICY 340 4.5.3 REPRISING THE US EXPERIENCE:
PROTECTING COMPETITION IN A DEREGULATED ERA 340 4.5.3.1 EUROPE'S FTC:
WATCHDOG ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 340 4.5.3.1.1 A CASE STUDY IN
SUPRANATIONAL TRUSTEESHIP 342 4.5.3.1.2 HAS THE COMMISSION FOUND ITS
REGULATORY TEMPO? 345 4.5.3.1.3 A COMMISSION CHALLENGE TO THE NEW
TRANSATLANTIC ALLIANCES 346 XU TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.5.3.2 MERGER CONTROL
BY THE AMERICAN METHOD (WHEN THE MERGERS COME) 347 4.5.3.2.1 THE 1989
MERGER REGULATION: AN OVERVIEW 349 4.5.3.2.2 EU MERGER POLICY: A CASE
STUDY 355 4.5.3.2.3 EUROPE'S AIRLINE CULTURE: COOPERATION TRUMPS MERGER
358 4.5.3.3 REGULATORY CHALLENGES: THE CRS PHENOMENON, INFRASTRUCTURAL
BOTTLENECKS 361 4.5.3.3.1 REGULATING THE CRS EFFECT IN EUROPE 361
4.5.3.2.2 THE FACILITIES CRUNCH 366 4.5.4 BEYOND THE US EXPERIENCE: NEW
CHALLENGES OF MULTILATERAL REFORM 369 4.5.4.1 THE EXTERNAL AVIATION
RELATIONS OF THE EU: E PLURIBUS UNUM? 369 4.5.4.1.1 THE COMMISSION'S
CHALLENGE: A TOURNAMENT OFBILATERALS 371 4.5.4.1.2 THE WORLD BEYOND:
PROBLEMS AT THE INTERFACE OF THE EU AND CHICAGO SYSTEMS 373 4.5.4.1.2.1
DESIGNATION UNDER NON-MEMBER BILATERALS 373 4.5.4.1.2.2 APPLYING EU
COMPETITION LAW TO THIRD COUNTRY ROUTES 376 4.5.4.1.3 A JUDICIAL MANDATE
FOR THE COMMISSION? * THE WAY AHEAD 379 4.5.4.2 RIDE OF THE FLAG
CARRIERS: COMING TO TERMS WITH STATE AIDS 380 4.5.4.2.1 CASE STUDIES IN
EU STATE AIDS ENFORCEMENT 382 4.5.4.2.2 STATE AIDS: A TRANSITIONAL
PHENOMENON? 387 4.5.4.3 A WORK IN PROGRESS: "DE-NATIONALIZING" EUROPE'S
AIRLINES 388 4.5.4.3.1 IMPLICATIONS OF THE RIGHT OF ESTABLISHMENT 388
4.5.4.3.2 AN ANALYSIS OF THE "COMMUNITY" LICENSING REGIME 389 4.5.4.3.3
AN INCOMPLETE FRAMEWORK 392 4.5.5 THE EU AIR TRANSPORT INDUSTRY IN
TRANSITION 394 5 CONCLUSION: A PROPOSAL FOR A NEW INTERNATIONAL AIR
TRANSPORT REGIME 399 5.1 IMPERATIVES OF LIBERALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION
399 5.2 THE FOUNDATIONS OF A NEW PLURILATERAL AIRSPACE 402 5.2.1
BILATERAL "OPEN SKIES": AN UNDEPENDABLE STRATEGY 402 5.2.2 A
PLURILATERAL RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE OPEN SKIES STRATEGY 404 5.2.2.1
A SEARCH FOR THE HIGHEST COMMON DENOMINATOR 404 5.2.2.2 THE US AND EU *
THE TARGET JURISDICTIONS * AS FOUNDING PARTNERS 410 5.2.2.3 TRADING THE
"CHICAGO SYSTEM" FOR A US/EU PLURILATERAL 413 XLLL TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.3
THE BLUEPRINT FOR A NEW PLURILATERAL TREATY 415 5.3.1 SOME GUIDING
PRINCIPLES FOR THE NEGOTIATORS 415 5.3.2 PRINCIPLE I: THE END OF MANAGED
TRADE 417 5.3.3 PRINCIPLE II: THE END OF CABOTAGE AND CHICAGO'S
CONTRIVANCE OF "FREEDOMS" 418 5.3.4 PRINCIPLE III: THE END OF THE
NATIONALITY DOCTRINE 419 5.3.5 PRINCIPLE IV: AN END TO TARIFF APPROVAL
PROTOCOLS 422 5.3.6 PRINCIPLE V: THE NEED FOR COMPETITION POLICY 423
5.3.6.1 GLOBALIZING TRENDS IN COMPETITION LAW ENFORCEMENT 423 5.3.6.2 A
PROPOSAL FOR SUPRANATIONAL COMPETITION SURVEILLANCE OF THE AIRLINES 427
5.3.7 PRINCIPLE VI: THE END OF PUBLIC SUBSIDY 433 5.3.8 PRINCIPLE VII:
REGULATION IN THE NEW OPEN SKIES ERA * SLOTS AND CRS 434 5.3.9 PRINCIPLE
VIII: A NEW STRATEGY FOR THIRD COUNTRIES OUTSIDE THE PLURILATERAL 437
5.4 ENVOI: A NEW ERA FOR INTERNATIONAL AVIATION 439 APPENDIX 1: TABLES
OF AUTHORITIES 443 1. TABLE OF MULTILATERAL TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS 443
2. TABLES OF UNITED STATES AUTHORITIES 445 2.1 TABLE OF US CASES AND
PROCEEDINGS 445 2.1.1 US FEDERAL COURT CASES LISTED ALPHABETICALLY 445
2.1.2 US ADMINISTRATIVE (CAB/DOT) PROCEEDINGS LISTED ALPHABETICALLY 446
2.2 TABLE OF US CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS, TREATIES, AND LEGISLATION 448
2.2.1 US CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS 448 2.2.2 US (BILATERAL) AIR
TRANSPORT TREATIES LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY COUNTRY 449 2.2.3 US FEDERAL
LEGISLATION LISTED BY US CODE SEQUENCE 452 2.2.4 US FEDERAL LEGISLATION
ALSO CITED BY POPULAR NAME (LISTED ALPHABETICALLY) 456 2.2.5 US CODE OF
FEDERAL REGULATIONS 456 2.2.6 US FEDERAL REGULATORY NOTICES 457 2.2.7 US
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY LISTED CHRONOLOGICALLY 458 2.3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE
NATIONAL COMMISSION TO ENSURE A STRONG COMPETITIVE AIRLINE INDUSTRY
(1993): REMARKS AND TESTIMONY LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY PARTICIPANTS 459
3. TABLES OF EUROPEAN UNION AUTHORITIES 461 XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.1
TABLE OFEU CASES AND PROCEEDINGS 461 3.1.1 EU COURT OF JUSTICE CASES
LISTED ALPHABETICALLY 461 3.1.2 EU COURT OF JUSTICE CASES LISTED
CHRONOLOGICALLY 462 3.1.3 EUROPEAN COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE CASES 463
3.1.4 EUROPEAN COMMISSION DECISIONS LISTED ALPHABETICALLY 464 3.1.5 EU
NATIONAL COURT CASES 464 3.2 TABLE OF EU TREATIES, CONVENTIONS, AND
LEGISLATION 464 3.2.1 EU TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS LISTED CHRONOLOGICALLY
464 3.2.2 EU SECONDARY LEGISLATION LISTED CHRONOLOGICALLY 468 3.2.2.1
COMMISSION REGULATIONS 468 3.2.2.2 COMMISSION DIRECTIVES 469 3.2.2.3
COMMISSION NOTICES 469 3.2.2.4 COUNCIL REGULATIONS 469 3.2.2.5 COUNCIL
DIRECTIVES 475 3.2.2.6 COUNCIL DECISIONS 476 IS.2.2.1 DECISIONS OF THE
JOINT COMMITTEE ESTABLISHED UNDER THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC COMMUNITY, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN ON CIVIL AVIATION 477 3.3 EU
LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS AND REPORTS LISTED CHRONOLOGICALLY 477 3.4
MISCELLANEOUS 478 APPENDIX 2: BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SOURCES CONSULTED 479 1
JOURNALS LISTED ALPHABETICALLY 479 2 PERIODICALS AND NEWSPAPERS LISTED
ALPHABETICALLY 480 3 BOOKS (AND CONTRIBUTED CHAPTERS TO BOOKS) LISTED
ALPHABETICALLY BY AUTHOR 481 4 JOURNAL ARTICLES LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY
AUTHOR 486 5 SPEECHES, LECTURES, AND INTERVIEWS LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY
SPEAKER 493 6 REPORTS, STUDIES, STATEMENTS, AND PRESS RELEASES LISTED
ALPHABETICALLY BY ISSUING INSTITUTION 494 7 MISCELLANEOUS 497 XV TABLE
OF CONTENTS APPENDIX 3: DOCUMENTARY SUBMISSIONS TO THE (US) NATIONAL
COMMISSION TO ENSURE A STRONG COMPETITIVE AIRLINE INDUSTRY 499 APPENDIX
4: (US) MODEL OPEN SKIES AGREEMENT 505 INDEX 523 XVI |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Havel, Brian F. |
| author_facet | Havel, Brian F. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Havel, Brian F. |
| author_variant | b f h bf bfh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV011648247 |
| callnumber-first | K - Law |
| callnumber-label | K4115 |
| callnumber-raw | K4115.4 |
| callnumber-search | K4115.4 |
| callnumber-sort | K 44115.4 |
| callnumber-subject | K - General Law |
| classification_rvk | PR 2205 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)36800671 (DE-599)BVBBV011648247 |
| dewey-full | 341.7/567 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 341 - Law of nations |
| dewey-raw | 341.7/567 |
| dewey-search | 341.7/567 |
| dewey-sort | 3341.7 3567 |
| dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten USA |
| id | DE-604.BV011648247 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T09:11:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9041103538 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007850970 |
| oclc_num | 36800671 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 DE-12 DE-M382 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-12 DE-M382 DE-188 |
| physical | XXIV, 534 S. |
| publishDate | 1997 |
| publishDateSearch | 1997 |
| publishDateSort | 1997 |
| publisher | Kluwer Law Internat. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Havel, Brian F. Verfasser aut In search of open skies law and policy for a new era in international aviation ; a comparative study of airline deregulation in the United States and the European Union Brian F. Havel The Hague [u.a.] Kluwer Law Internat. 1997 XXIV, 534 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Compagnies de transport aérien - Déréglementation - Etats-Unis ram Compagnies de transport aérien - Déréglementation - Pays de l'Union européenne ram Droit aérien (droit européen) ram Liberalisatie gtt Luchtrecht gtt Luchtvervoer gtt Transports aérien - Droit - Etats-Unis ram Recht Aeronautics, Commercial Law and legislation European Union countries Aeronautics, Commercial Law and legislation United States Airlines Deregulation European Union countries Airlines Deregulation United States Deregulierung (DE-588)4201191-7 gnd rswk-swf Internationaler Vergleich (DE-588)4120509-1 gnd rswk-swf Internationaler Luftverkehr (DE-588)4162073-2 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Internationaler Luftverkehr (DE-588)4162073-2 s Deregulierung (DE-588)4201191-7 s Internationaler Vergleich (DE-588)4120509-1 s DE-604 USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007850970&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Havel, Brian F. In search of open skies law and policy for a new era in international aviation ; a comparative study of airline deregulation in the United States and the European Union Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Compagnies de transport aérien - Déréglementation - Etats-Unis ram Compagnies de transport aérien - Déréglementation - Pays de l'Union européenne ram Droit aérien (droit européen) ram Liberalisatie gtt Luchtrecht gtt Luchtvervoer gtt Transports aérien - Droit - Etats-Unis ram Recht Aeronautics, Commercial Law and legislation European Union countries Aeronautics, Commercial Law and legislation United States Airlines Deregulation European Union countries Airlines Deregulation United States Deregulierung (DE-588)4201191-7 gnd Internationaler Vergleich (DE-588)4120509-1 gnd Internationaler Luftverkehr (DE-588)4162073-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4201191-7 (DE-588)4120509-1 (DE-588)4162073-2 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | In search of open skies law and policy for a new era in international aviation ; a comparative study of airline deregulation in the United States and the European Union |
| title_auth | In search of open skies law and policy for a new era in international aviation ; a comparative study of airline deregulation in the United States and the European Union |
| title_exact_search | In search of open skies law and policy for a new era in international aviation ; a comparative study of airline deregulation in the United States and the European Union |
| title_full | In search of open skies law and policy for a new era in international aviation ; a comparative study of airline deregulation in the United States and the European Union Brian F. Havel |
| title_fullStr | In search of open skies law and policy for a new era in international aviation ; a comparative study of airline deregulation in the United States and the European Union Brian F. Havel |
| title_full_unstemmed | In search of open skies law and policy for a new era in international aviation ; a comparative study of airline deregulation in the United States and the European Union Brian F. Havel |
| title_short | In search of open skies |
| title_sort | in search of open skies law and policy for a new era in international aviation a comparative study of airline deregulation in the united states and the european union |
| title_sub | law and policy for a new era in international aviation ; a comparative study of airline deregulation in the United States and the European Union |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Compagnies de transport aérien - Déréglementation - Etats-Unis ram Compagnies de transport aérien - Déréglementation - Pays de l'Union européenne ram Droit aérien (droit européen) ram Liberalisatie gtt Luchtrecht gtt Luchtvervoer gtt Transports aérien - Droit - Etats-Unis ram Recht Aeronautics, Commercial Law and legislation European Union countries Aeronautics, Commercial Law and legislation United States Airlines Deregulation European Union countries Airlines Deregulation United States Deregulierung (DE-588)4201191-7 gnd Internationaler Vergleich (DE-588)4120509-1 gnd Internationaler Luftverkehr (DE-588)4162073-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Compagnies de transport aérien - Déréglementation - Etats-Unis Compagnies de transport aérien - Déréglementation - Pays de l'Union européenne Droit aérien (droit européen) Liberalisatie Luchtrecht Luchtvervoer Transports aérien - Droit - Etats-Unis Recht Aeronautics, Commercial Law and legislation European Union countries Aeronautics, Commercial Law and legislation United States Airlines Deregulation European Union countries Airlines Deregulation United States Deregulierung Internationaler Vergleich Internationaler Luftverkehr Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007850970&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT havelbrianf insearchofopenskieslawandpolicyforaneweraininternationalaviationacomparativestudyofairlinederegulationintheunitedstatesandtheeuropeanunion |