A professional's guide to systems analysis:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
McGraw-Hill
1996
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Computing McGraw-Hill
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXX, 458 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0070429480 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Modell, Martin E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A professional's guide to systems analysis |c Martin E. Modell |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b McGraw-Hill |c 1996 | |
| 300 | |a XXX, 458 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Computing McGraw-Hill | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Computer software |x Development | |
| 650 | 4 | |a System analysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a System design | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1806142863161950208 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents
Illustrations xv
Tables xlx
Foreword xxl
Preface xxiii
Preface to the First Edition xxix
Acronyms and Abbreviations xxxi
Part 1. Tools and Techniques 1
1. What Is Systems Analysis? 3
Why Systems Analysis? 3
What Is a System? 6
What Is a Systems Analyst? 8
The Roles of the Systems Analyst 9
Concerns of the Systems Analyst 10
Information Systems Analysis as a Task of Data
Processing 11
Information Systems Projects Categorized by Scope 12
Business Systems Projects as a Method of Organizational
Change 12
Business Process Reengineering 13
Total Quality Management 15
The Physician Analogy 16
v
I
vi Contents \
2. The Various Types of Information Systems
Analysis Projects 18
Reasons for Initiating Information Systems Analysis Projects 19
The Three Types of Systems Analysis Projects 20
The Organization as a Multilevel Entity 26
The Four Stages of EDP Growth 28
Operational versus Informational Systems 33
Personal, Departmental, and Corporate Systems 35
3. The Systems Life Cycle Methodology 38
What Is a System Development Life Cycle? 38
The Purpose of a Methodology 39
The Need for a Methodology 40
Analytical Portions of a Methodology 41
System Development Life Cycle Phases 41
Project Initiation 43
Reviews 43
Five Phases of the Business Process Reengineering
Life Cycle 45
Cost Benefit Analysis 46
Project Development Costs 47
User and Project Implementation Costs 49
Benefits 49
4. System Development Life Cycle Analysis 52
Analysis 53
Multiple Levels of Analysis 55
Three Phase Approach to Analysis 56
Validation of the Analysis 59
Walk Throughs 62
Input/Output Validation 62
Data Source to Use 63
5. Effects of Prior Automation: Legacy Systems 64
Introduction 64
Different Redesign Environments 65
Reasons for Initiating a System Redesign Project 66
Basic Systems: Wholly Manual 68
Intermediate Systems: Partially Manual and Partially
Automated 70
Contents vii
Mature Systems: Fully Automated 72
Effects of Prior Automation 72
Forms of Reautomation 74
6. Project Planning 79
The Project Planning Process 79
Work Breakdown Structures 80
Planning Methods 81
Project Evaluation and Review Technique 81
Critical Path Method 84
Gantt Chart 86
Function Point Analysis 89
7. The Interview and Other Data Gathering Methods 95
What Is an Interview? 95
Types of Interviews 96
Interviewing Components 96
What Are the Goals of the Interview? 96
Interviewing Guidelines 97
Dos and Don'ts of Interviewing 98
Whom to Interview 98
The Need for Documentation 102
Functions of Documentation 103
Documenting the Interview 104
Dos and Don'ts of Documentation 105
Report Format Style Guidelines 108
Noninterview Data Gathering Methods 109
Joint Applications Design (JAD) and Joint Requirements
Analysis (JRA) 114
Prototyping 116
8. The Data Dictionary 118
Introduction 118
Why a Dictionary? 119
What Is Data Administration? 120
Dictionary Design 121
Information Systems Components 121
Business Systems Components 127
Data and Process Model Components 128
How Does a Dictionary Function? 131
viii Contents
How Can the Dictionary Assist the Analysis Function? 132
Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, and Repositories 133
9. The Entity Relationship Approach 138
Introduction 138
Entities and Their Attributes 142
The Entity Relationship Model 143
Entity Relationship Analysis 146
Classification Analysis 149
Categorization as a Fundamental Process 149
Classification of Entities 150
Types, Subtypes, and Groups 153
Entity Families 153
Active versus Passive Entities 155
Process Control Entities 155
Entity Definition 156
Entity Family versus Entity Group Reference 156
Distinguishing between Entities (Entity Roles) 157
Data Acquisition and Retention 160
Describing Process Control Entities 161
10. Modeling and Diagramming Techniques 163
The Modeling Process 163
The Entity Relationship Model 164
The Enterprise Level 166
The Entity Relationship Level 170
The Entity Relationship Attribute Level 171
The Entity Relationship Attribute Data Level 178
Construction of an Entity Relationship Diagram 178
Documentation of the Model 181
Data Flow Diagrams 181
Flowchart Diagrams 185
Hierarchic Process Diagrams 188
IDEF Diagrams 190
Part 2. Analysis 193
11. Business Knowledge 195
What Is Business Knowledge? 195
Exceptions and Rules 201
Contents ix
"What if Games 203
Symptoms and Causes 203
12. Functional Analysis 205
What Is a Business Function? 205
Two Categories of Business Functions 206
Business Function Analysis 207
Some Questions to Be Asked during Functional Analysis 208
Business Function Analysis Documentation 208
User Personal Computer or Workstation 209
Additional Documentation to Include, if Available 212
The Need for a Business Function Model 213
The Business Life Cycle Matrix 217
Developing the Functional Model 217
13. Process Analysis 219
What Is a Business Process? 219
Business Process Analysis 220
Some Questions to Be Asked during Process Analysis 221
Business Process Analysis Documentation 222
User Specific Interview Questions 223
User Applications 227
Network Server and Personal Computers 228
Additional Documentation to Be Included, if Available 230
The Need for Business Process Models 230
Business Process Entities versus Processes 231
Process Entity Relationship Models 233
Guidelines for Developing a Process Model 233
14. Activity or Task Analysis 238
What Is a Task? 238
Business Task Analysis 238
Some Questions to Be Asked during Task Analysis 240
Task Modeling 241
Data Event Modeling 242
Deductive and Inductive Development 242
Data Actions 243
Data Action Symbols 247
Data Access Sequence 247
Types of Data Events 247
X Contents
Relationship to Data Entity Time Lines 248
Data Event Independence 249
Data Event Sources 249
Data Event Triggers 250
Data Event Trigger Contents 251
Data Event Frame of Reference 251
Sequential Data Access 253
Data Event Assumptions 254
Separation of Data Event Types 255
15. Data Analysis 257
What Is Data Analysis? 257
What Is Data Event Analysis? 257
What Is Transaction Analysis? 258
What Is Document and Forms Analysis? 258
What Is Report Analysis? 258
Data Analysis Questions 259
Part 3. Validation 261
16. Validating the Analytical Results 263
Validating the Analysis 263
Walk Throughs 268
Input/Output Validation 269
Data Source to Use Validation 269
Consistency Analysis 270
Level to Level Consistency 271
Carrier to Data Consistency 272
Process to Process Consistency 272
Other Analytical Techniques 273
Zero Based Analysis 273
Data Event Analysis 274
Methods and Procedures Analysis 275
General to Specific Analysis 275
17. Examination and Study 276
Evaluation of Existing System Components 276
Level to Level Evaluation 279
Carrier to Data Evaluation 279
Process to Process Evaluation 279
Contents jd
Zero Based Evaluation 280
Problem Identification 281
System Design Requirements Document 282
Prioritization of Changes 283
Dependency Ranking 283
Synergy or Impact Benefit Ranking 284
Cost Benefit Ranking 284
Cost Benefit Analysis 285
Project Development Costs 286
User and Project Implementation Costs 287
Benefits 288
Additional Analysis Techniques 290
Risk Identification and Mitigation 290
Four Steps in Risk Management 293
Risk Issues 294
Part 4. Analysis Issues 295
18. Manual and Automated Systems Examination 297
Top Down versus Bottom Up Analysis 297
On Line Systems versus Batch Systems 301
Issues Affecting the On Line/Batch Decision 304
Mainframe, Mini, And Micro Systems 305
Micro, Mini, or Mainframe Issues 308
Integrated versus Stand Alone Systems 309
Make versus Buy Decisions 311
Make versus Buy Issues 312
Package Evaluation and Selection 312
Examining the Buy Option 313
19. Database Environment Considerations 316
What Is a Database? 316
Centralized versus Decentralized Databases 318
Management Levels 318
Replication of Data 320
The Centralized Database Environment 321
The Decentralized Database Environment 323
Common Database Types 326
A Comparison of DBMS Data Structure Options 328
DBMS Selection Criteria for Mainframe Systems 330
Process Directed Analytical Methodology 338
1
xjj Contents \
Data Directed Analytical Methodology 339 ¦•
User Views 339
Data Directed Analysis and the Entity Relationship
Approach 341
Data Administration 343
Database Administration 343
20. Client/Server Considerations 346
The Changing Micro Environment 346
Microcomputer Systems 347
Network Communications 349
Developer Toolkits 349
Table Driven or Rules Driven Applications 350
Network Communication Issues 352
Client/Server Databases 353
Client/Server Issues 354
Outsourcing and Facilities Management 355
21. Controls, Auditing, and Security Analysis 359
Security as a Primary Concern 359
What Is Security? 360
Security Analysis 362
Physical Access Security 365
Personal Computer Security 365
System Administration 366
Controls 367
Auditing and Auditability 373
The Concept of Time 374
Configuration Management 376
Change Management 382
Disaster and Emergency Preparedness 384
Part 5. Applications 387
22. Basic Types of Systems Projects 389
The Typical Business Flow 389
Order Processing 393
Inventory 396
Customer Service 400
Accounts Payable and Accounts Receivable 402
Contents xiii
General Ledger 406
Marketing and Sales 408
Payroll and Personnel 410
Time and Attendance Collection Systems 414
Automation of Routine Request for Action Forms 415
23. Case Study Illustrations 418
Cases 418
Notes and Guidelines on Case Study Use 419
Apex Biscuit Company 419
National Association for the Advancement of Data
Processing 424
System for Centralized Library Order Processing Services
(SYCLOPS) 428
Studentext Publishing Company 431
The Last National Bank and Trust Company 436
Verylarge Full Service Brokerage Company 441
Glossary of Terms and Concepts 445
Index 451
jjyj Illustrations ¦
9.5 Entity groups. I56
9.6 Entity groups. I57
9.7 Different demographic attribute data for each kind of customer 159
10.1 Symbols for entity, relationship, and attribute 165
10.2 Entity relationship approach models corresponding to
organizational levels 167
10.3 Enterprise level model of a brokerage firm 168
10.4 Entity relationship model of brokerage customer and
brokerage account 172
10.5 Entity relationship attribute model—brokerage account entity 175
10.6 Attributed model of an entity I76
10.7 Entity relationship attribute model power of attorney
relationship 177
10.8 Attributed model of a relationship 177
10.9 Data flow diagram symbols 182
10.10 Level 0 data flow diagram (context diagram) 183
10.11 Level 1 data flow diagram 184
10.12 Data storage and input or output symbols 186
10.13 Processing and decision symbols 186
10.14 Simple system flowchart 187
10.15 Simple logic flow diagram (pay bills) 188
10.16 Hierarchic process diagram 189
10.17 Node tree 191
10.18 IDEFO activity box with ICOMs 191
10.19 Sample IDEFO decomposition diagram 192
11.1 Entity relationship model of function, process, activity, and
task 198
11.2 Function, process, and data analysis within the development
cycle 200
11.3 Relationship between functions, processes, activities, and tasks 202
12.1 Two categories of business functions 207
12.2 Manufacturing chart of organization (to the first level of
function) 214
12.3 Manufacturing functional entity relationship model (simplified) 215
12.4 Relationship between purchasing and receiving 217
13.1 Accounts receivable process flow and payments flow (no custom
sales) 235
13.2 Custom sales pricing flow 236
13.3 Accounts receivable process flow and payments flow (for custom
sales) 237
14.1 Basic data event model for employee location change 245
14.2 Detailed data access sequence (find current employee location) 246
14.3 Basic data event model for order Invoicing 246
14.4 Detailed data access sequence 246
17.1 Three phase project approach: examination and study phase 277
18.1 Top down versus bottom up analysis 298
18.2 Skill levels needed at each analytical level 299
18.3 Advantages and disadvantages of top down versus bottom up
analysis 301
18.4 Batch processing sequence 302
18.5 On line update processing 303
Illustrations Xvii
18.6 Mainframe price, size, and performance curves 306
18.7 Micro (personal computer) price, size, and performance curves 306
18.8 Micro versus mainframe cost and performance curves 307
18.9 Multiple modes of micro environments 308
18.10 Stand alone versus integrated systems 310
18.11 Package application usability analysis 314
19.1 Anthony's management pyramid in a centralized environment 318
19.2 Anthony's management pyramid in a decentralized environment 319
19.3 Multiple information models 320
19.4 Decentralized inquiry flow 325
19.5 Transactional, analytical, and administrative systems 329
19.6 Hierarchic structure 331
19.7 Hierarchic access paths 332
19.8 Network structure 333
19.9 Hierarchic representation in a network data structure 334
19.10 Relational data structure 336
19.11 Relational projection 337
19.12 Table joining sequences 338
19.13 Traditional analytical methodology 338
19.14 Database environment methodology 340
19.15 Data administration on the development continua 344
19.16 Database administration on the development continua 344
20.1 Personal computers versus mainframes on the growth curves 347
21.1 Security awareness and the growth cycle 360
21.2 Components in a review of security requirements 361
21.3 Batch control checking hierarchy 368
21.4 Batch header form (sample) 370
21.5 Batch control form (sample) 371
21.6 Audit trail mechanisms 372
22.1 Simplified functional interactions In manufacturing 390
22.2 Order processing flow 393
22.3 Context data flow diagram for order processing 394
22.4 Enterprise level entity relationship model for order processing 395
22.5 Inventory processing flow 397
22.6 Context data flow diagram for inventory processing 398
22.7 Enterprise level entity relationship model for inventory
processing 399
22.8 Customer service process flow 400
22.9 Context data flow diagram for customer service 401
22.10 Process flow for accounts payable and accounts receivable 402
22.11 Context level data flow diagram for accounts receivable 403
22.12 Context level data flow diagram for accounts payable 404
22.13 Enterprise level entity relationship model—accounts
receivable and accounts payable 405
22.14 Process flow for general ledger 406
22.15 Context level data flow diagram for general ledger 407
22.16 Sales processing flow 408
22.17 Enterprise level entity relationship model for sales 409
22.18 Context level data flow diagram for employee record keeping 411
22.19 Payroll processing flow 412
22.20 Context level data flow diagram for payroll processing 413
Tables
6.1 First Level of Work Breakdown Structure for Life Cycle 81
6.2 Composite Function Point Calculation Form 90
7.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Phone Interviews 110
7.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Mail Surveys 111
7.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus Groups 112
7.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Site Visits 113
17.1 Examination and Study Techniques 291 |
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| spelling | Modell, Martin E. Verfasser aut A professional's guide to systems analysis Martin E. Modell 2. ed. New York [u.a.] McGraw-Hill 1996 XXX, 458 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Computing McGraw-Hill Computer software Development System analysis System design Systemanalyse (DE-588)4116673-5 gnd rswk-swf Systemanalyse (DE-588)4116673-5 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007823118&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | A professional's guide to systems analysis |
| title_auth | A professional's guide to systems analysis |
| title_exact_search | A professional's guide to systems analysis |
| title_full | A professional's guide to systems analysis Martin E. Modell |
| title_fullStr | A professional's guide to systems analysis Martin E. Modell |
| title_full_unstemmed | A professional's guide to systems analysis Martin E. Modell |
| title_short | A professional's guide to systems analysis |
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