Stellar atmospheres: theory and observations ; lectures held at the Astrophysics School IX in Brussels, Belgium, 10 - 19 September 1996
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Tagungsbericht Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | German |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Budapest ; Hong Kon
Springer
1997
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Lecture notes in physics
497 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 352 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540634770 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Stellar atmospheres |b theory and observations ; lectures held at the Astrophysics School IX in Brussels, Belgium, 10 - 19 September 1996 |c J. P. DeGreve ... (ed.). Organized by the European Astrophysics Doctoral Network (EADN) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Budapest ; Hong Kon |b Springer |c 1997 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 352 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Lecture notes in physics |v 497 | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a De Greve, Jean P. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 710 | 2 | |a European Astrophysics Doctoral Network |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)2104398-X |4 oth | |
| 711 | 2 | |a Astrophysics School |n 9 |d 1996 |c Brüssel |j Sonstige |0 (DE-588)2165654-X |4 oth | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Lecture notes in physics |v 497 |w (DE-604)BV000003166 |9 497 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126115900424192 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Table
of
Contents
Stellar Atmospheres Theory: An Introduction
I. Hubeny
.................................. 1
1
Fundamental Concepts
........................ 1
1.1
What Is a Stellar Atmosphere, and Why Do We Study It?
. 1
1.2
Basic Structural Equations
................... 3
1.3
LTE Versus Non-LTE
...................... 5
2
Radiative Transfer Equation
..................... 7
2.1
Intensity of Radiation and Related Quantities
......... 8
2.2
Absorption and Emission Coefficient
.............. 9
2.3
Phenomenological Derivation of the Transfer Equation
. ... 11
2.4
Optical Depth and the Source Function
............ 12
2.5
Elementary Solutions
...................... 13
2.6
Moments of the Transfer Equation
............... 15
2.7
Lambda Operator
........................ 17
2.8
Diffusion Approximation
.................... 19
3
Radiative Transfer with Constraints; Escape Probability
...... 20
3.1
Two-Level Atom
......................... 20
3.2
Escape Probability
........................ 27
4
Numerical Methods
.......................... 29
4.1
Formal Solution of the Transfer Equation
........... 29
4.2
Linear Coupling Problems
.................... 32
4.3
Accelerated Lambda Iteration
................. 34
4.4
Non-linear Coupling Problems
................. 37
5
Model Atmospheres
.......................... 39
5.1
Definition and Terminology
................... 39
5.2
Basic Equations of Classical Stellar Atmospheres
....... 42
5.3
LTE-Grey Model: A Tool to Understand
the Temperature Structure
................... 46
5.4
LTE and NLTE Model Atmospheres
.............. 50
5.5
Line Blanketing
......................... 52
6
Using Model Atmospheres to Analyse Observed Spectra
...... 57
6.1
A Scheme of Spectroscopic Diagnostics
............ 57
6.2
Spectrum Synthesis
....................... 60
6.3
Spectrum Fitting
......................... 62
VIII
6.4 Determination
of Fundamental Stellar Parameters
...... 64
Stellar Wind Theories
Henny J.G.L.M.
Lamers.......................... 69
1
Introduction
.............................. 69
2
Basic Concepts of Wind Theories
................... 70
2.1
The Mass Continuity Equation
................. 70
2.2
The Momentum Equation
.................... 70
2.3
The Energy Equation
...................... 71
3
Isothermal Winds Driven by Gas Pressure
.............. 72
3.1
The Critical Point of the Momentum Equation
........ 72
3.2
The Velocity Law of Isothermal Winds
Driven by Gas Pressure
..................... 75
3.3
The Density Structure of Isothermal Winds
Driven by Gas Pressure
..................... 76
3.4
The Mass Loss Rate of Isothermal Winds
Driven by Gas Pressure
..................... 77
4
Isothermal Winds with an Outward Force
.............. 78
5
The Effect of Energy Input on a Stellar Wind
............ 79
6
A Wind with an
ƒ
~ r 2 Force
.................... 81
7
The Five Laws of Stellar Wind Theory
............... 83
8
Mass Loss Mechanisms
........................ 84
8.1
Coronal Winds
.......................... 84
8.2
Dust Driven Winds
....................... 84
8.3
Line Driven Winds
........................ 85
8.4
Pulsation Driven Wind Theory
................. 85
8.5
Sound Wave Driven Winds
................... 85
8.6
Alfvén
Wave Driven Wind Models
............... 86
8.7
Magnetic Rotating Winds
.................... 87
8.8
Summary of Wind Theories
................... 87
Cool Star Winds and Mass Loss: Theory
Erwin
Sedlmayr and Jan Martin Winters
................. 89
1
General Overview
........................... 89
2
Basic Characteristics of Late-Type Stars
.............. 91
2.1
HR Diagram Characteristics
.................. 91
2.2
Shell Characteristics
....................... 92
3
Self-consistent Description of Dust Forming Circumstellar Shells
. 94
3.1
Chemistry of the Circumstellar Shell
.............. 95
3.2
Dust Nucleation and Growth
.................. 102
4
Modeling of Dust Shells Around Late-Type Giants
.........
Ill
4.1
Basic Equations
......................... 112
4.2
External Parameters
....................... 117
4.3
Stationary Dust Driven Winds
................. 118
IX
4.4
Dynamical Models for Dust Forming Shells
Around Long-Period Variables
................. 123
5
Conclusions
............................... 129
Cool Stars Winds and Mass Loss: Observations
Thibaut Le Bertre
.............................. 133
1
Introduction
.............................. 133
2
Presentation of
AGB
Stars
...................... 134
2.1
The Evolution Towards the
AGB................ 134
2.2
The Life on the
AGB
and Beyond
............... 135
3
Evidence for Mass Loss in the Optical Range
............ 137
3.1
Spectroscopy
........................... 137
3.2
Imagery
.............................. 140
3.3
Polarimetry
............................ 140
4
The Infrared Range
.......................... 141
4.1
Ground-Based Observations
................... 141
4.2
IRAS
............................... 143
5
The Radio Range
........................... 145
5.1
CO Emission
........................... 146
5.2
OH
Maser
Emission
....................... 147
5.3
Other Molecules
......................... 148
6
Present Developments
......................... 149
6.1
High Spatial Resolution in the Optical and
IR
Range
.... 149
6.2
Laboratory Studies
........................ 150
6.3
Space Projects
.......................... 151
6.4
Near-Infrared Surveys
...................... 152
7
Final Comments
............................ 154
The Theory of Line Driven Stellar Winds
Henny J.G.L.M.
Lamers.......................... 159
1
Introduction
.............................. 159
2
Basic Concepts and Some Estimates
................. 160
2.1
How Many Lines Are Needed to Drive a Wind?
........ 161
3
Radiation Pressure Due to Lines
................... 164
3.1
The Radiation Pressure Due to One Line
........... 164
3.2
Radiation Pressure by an Ensemble of Lines
......... 165
3.3
The Lines That Drive the Winds
................ 167
4
The Theory of Line Driven Winds
.................. 169
5
The Correction for the Finite Size of the Star
............ 173
5.1
The Effect of the Finite Disk on the Mass Loss Rate
and Velocity
........................... 174
6
The Instability of Line Driven Winds
................ 177
7
Comparison Between Observations and Predictions
for
О
and
В
Stars
........................... 181
7.1
Comparison Between Observed and Predicted
üt»
...... 181
7.2
Comparison Between Observed and Predicted
M
....... 182
8
Conclusion
............................... 183
Observations of Hot-Star Winds
A.W. Fullerton
.............................. 187
1
Introduction
.............................. 187
2
Tracers of Stellar Winds
........................ 189
3
Spectroscopie
Diagnostics
....................... 189
3.1
Scattering Versus p2 Formation Processes
........... 192
3.2
Dissecting the
Ρ
Cygni Profile
................. 193
3.3
Calculation of Line Profiles Formed in Stellar Winds
..... 198
3.4
UV Resonance Lines
....................... 204
3.5
Optical Emission Lines
..................... 210
3.6
Time-Dependent Structure in Hot-Star Winds
........ 215
4
Continuum Diagnostics
........................ 223
4.1
Free-Free Emission
........................ 223
4.2
Spectrum of Free-Free Emission from a Stellar Wind
..... 225
4.3
Mass-Loss Rates from Continuum Observations
........ 227
4.4
Nonthermal Radio Emission
................... 229
4.5
The New Frontier: Spectroscopy in the Near and Far
IR
... 231
5
Summary and Outlook
........................ 232
Circumstellar Disks
J.E.
Björkman
............................... 239
1
Introduction
.............................. 239
2
Disk Diagnostics
............................ 240
3
Theory of Circumstellar Disks
.................... 241
3.1
Accretion Disks
......................... 241
3.2
Outflow Disks
.......................... 250
3.3
Time-Dependent Hydrodynamics
................ 257
4
Radiation Transfer in Axisymmetric Systems
............ 260
4.1
IR
Excess Emission
....................... 262
4.2
Intrinsic Polarization
....................... 264
4.3
Spectral Line Profiles
...................... 270
5
Determination of Disk Geometry
................... 274
Stellar Coronae
JürgenH.M.M. Schmitt.......................... 277
1
Introduction
.............................. 277
2
Basic Observational Results
...................... 282
2.1
The Solar-Stellar Connection
.................. 282
2.2
Which Stars Have Coronae?
................... 283
XI
2.3
The Sun in Perspective
..................... 285
2.4
Rotation-Activity Connection
.................. 285
2.5
Spectral Properties of
Х
-Ray Coronae
............. 289
2.6
Physical Properties of Stellar Coronae
............. 291
3
Magnetically Closed Regions
..................... 300
3.1
Magnetically Open Regions
................... 304
4
The Angular Momentum Problem
.................. 309
5
Magnetized Coronal Wind
...................... 310
Atmospheres and Interior Models
J.P.
De Greve................................
317
1
Why?
.................................. 317
2
Recipe and Ingredients
........................ 318
2.1
Equations
............................. 318
2.2
Ingredients
............................ 318
2.3
Shooting (a Solution)
...................... 319
3
Evolution: From Wherefrom to Whereto, but Most of All: Why?
. 321
3.1
Masses Make All the Difference
................. 321
3.2
Timescales
............................ 322
3.3
Convection and Other Mixings
................. 323
3.4
Dredge-Up Phases in the Life of a Star
............ 326
3.5
Anchored Shell Sources
(the Node Theorem for Active Shell Sources)
......... 327
3.6
Mass Motions of Different Shells
................ 329
4
Thermal Pulses or Secular Stabilities of Shell Sources
....... 330
4.1
Density Changes of a Nuclear Burning Zone
.......... 330
4.2
Shell Perturbation and Pressure Change
............ 330
5
Cepheids (as an Answer to the Request of T.
Le Bertre)
...... 332
5.1
The Period-Density Relation
.................. 332
5.2
The Valve Mechanism
...................... 333
5.3
The Kappa Mechanism (Baker and
Kippenhahn 1962) .... 333
6
Massive Stars (M
> 9
ΜΘ)
...................... 334
6.1
Mass Loss by Stellar Wind
................... 335
6.2
Effects on the Position in the HRD
............... 337
6.3
The Effect of Overshooting
................... 338
6.4
Internal Mixing
.......................... 338
6.5
Radius Correction for Hydrostatic Stars
............ 339
6.6
New Models for Massive Stars
................. 341
Subject Index
.............................. 343
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| genre | (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1996 Brüssel gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Konferenzschrift 1996 Brüssel |
| id | DE-604.BV011587903 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:12:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)2104398-X (DE-588)2165654-X |
| isbn | 3540634770 |
| language | German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007804789 |
| oclc_num | 40289718 |
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| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 |
| physical | XI, 352 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1997 |
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| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Lecture notes in physics |
| series2 | Lecture notes in physics |
| spelling | Stellar atmospheres theory and observations ; lectures held at the Astrophysics School IX in Brussels, Belgium, 10 - 19 September 1996 J. P. DeGreve ... (ed.). Organized by the European Astrophysics Doctoral Network (EADN) Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Budapest ; Hong Kon Springer 1997 XI, 352 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Lecture notes in physics 497 Sternatmosphäre (DE-588)4183144-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1996 Brüssel gnd-content Sternatmosphäre (DE-588)4183144-5 s DE-604 De Greve, Jean P. Sonstige oth European Astrophysics Doctoral Network Sonstige (DE-588)2104398-X oth Astrophysics School 9 1996 Brüssel Sonstige (DE-588)2165654-X oth Lecture notes in physics 497 (DE-604)BV000003166 497 Digitalisierung TU Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007804789&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Stellar atmospheres theory and observations ; lectures held at the Astrophysics School IX in Brussels, Belgium, 10 - 19 September 1996 Lecture notes in physics Sternatmosphäre (DE-588)4183144-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4183144-5 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Stellar atmospheres theory and observations ; lectures held at the Astrophysics School IX in Brussels, Belgium, 10 - 19 September 1996 |
| title_auth | Stellar atmospheres theory and observations ; lectures held at the Astrophysics School IX in Brussels, Belgium, 10 - 19 September 1996 |
| title_exact_search | Stellar atmospheres theory and observations ; lectures held at the Astrophysics School IX in Brussels, Belgium, 10 - 19 September 1996 |
| title_full | Stellar atmospheres theory and observations ; lectures held at the Astrophysics School IX in Brussels, Belgium, 10 - 19 September 1996 J. P. DeGreve ... (ed.). Organized by the European Astrophysics Doctoral Network (EADN) |
| title_fullStr | Stellar atmospheres theory and observations ; lectures held at the Astrophysics School IX in Brussels, Belgium, 10 - 19 September 1996 J. P. DeGreve ... (ed.). Organized by the European Astrophysics Doctoral Network (EADN) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stellar atmospheres theory and observations ; lectures held at the Astrophysics School IX in Brussels, Belgium, 10 - 19 September 1996 J. P. DeGreve ... (ed.). Organized by the European Astrophysics Doctoral Network (EADN) |
| title_short | Stellar atmospheres |
| title_sort | stellar atmospheres theory and observations lectures held at the astrophysics school ix in brussels belgium 10 19 september 1996 |
| title_sub | theory and observations ; lectures held at the Astrophysics School IX in Brussels, Belgium, 10 - 19 September 1996 |
| topic | Sternatmosphäre (DE-588)4183144-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sternatmosphäre Konferenzschrift 1996 Brüssel |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007804789&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000003166 |
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