Mushroom biology: concise basics and current developments
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Singapore [u.a.]
World Scientific Publ.
1997
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 194 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9810228775 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Mushroom biology |b concise basics and current developments |c Philip G. Miles ; Shu-Ting Chang |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | MUSHROOM
BIOLOGY
Concise Basics and
Current Developments
Philip G Miles
State University of New York at Buffalo
Shu-Ting Chang
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
World Scientific
Singapore • New Jersey • London • Hong Kong
CONTENTS
Preface xix
Parti Mushroom Biology
Chapter 1 Introduction to Mushroom Biology 1
A What are mushrooms 4
B Where are mushrooms found 4
C Importance of mushrooms 6
1 In nature 6
2 As food for man 6
3 As tonics and medicines 8
Part II Concise Basics of Fungi as Background for Mushroom Biology
Chapter 2 Classification - 10
A Various kingdoms 10
B Distinguishing characteristics of various fungal taxons 10
C Groups of fungi which produce mushrooms 12
Chapter 3 Biology of Fungi 14
A Structure 14
1 Cellular organization 14
a Filamentous fungi - the hypha 14
Organelles 15
Septa 17
Secondary mycelium of Basidiomycetes 17
Cell walls 20
Membranes 23
b Unicellular fungi 24
2 Specialized vegetative structures 24
a Appressoria 24
b Haustoria 25
vn
Contents
c Sclerotia 25
d Rhizomorphs 25
3 Specialized reproductive structures 25
a Sexual 25
b Nonsexual 29
B Chemical composition of fungal cells 31
1 Chemical differences 31
2 Proximate values 32
3 Useful generalizations 33
4 Procedure for chemical analysis 35
C Growth 36
1 Problems of measurement 36
2 Kinetics of growth 37
a Unicellular forms 37
b Mycelial fungi 38
3 Mycelial systems 38
a Hyphal tip growth 38
b Hyphal branching 39
c Hyphal fusion 40
4 Nutritional requirements for growth 40
a Essential elements 40
Oxygen 40
Carbon 41
Nitrogen 41
Sulfur 42
Phosphorus 42
Potassium 42
Magnesium 42
Trace elements 43
b Vitamins 43
Thiamine 43
Biotin 44
Others 44
5 Physical requirements for growth and development 44
a Hydrogen ion concentration 45
b Temperature 45
c Moisture 47
d Light 47
e Aeration 48
f Gravity 48
Vl l l
Contents
6 Metabolism 49
a Carbon 49
b Respiration 50
c Nitrogen 52
Amino acid biosynthesis 53
Nitrogen metabolites 53
7 Reproduction 53
a Nonsexual 54
Reproductive methods 54
Heterokaryosis 55
Parasexuality 56
b Sexual 57
Homothallism 57
Heterothallism 58
Hormonal control 59
c By spores 60
8 Mode of nutrition in nature 63
a Saprophytism 63
b Parasitism 64
D Genetics of fungi 65
1 Mutants as genetical markers 65
2 Genome karyotypes determined by pulsed field gel
electrophoresis analysis 65
3 Mitochondrial genetics 66
4 Sexuality and mating reactions 67
a Bipolar or unifactorial systems 68
b Tetrapolar or bifactorial systems 69
c Concept of primary homothallism 69
d Basis of secondary homothallism in
Agaricus bisporus 70
e Formation of heterothallic fruiting bodies in
bipolar systems 70
Pattern of A bitorquis amp; P nameko 71
f Formation of heterothallic fruiting bodies in
tetrapolar systems 72
Pattern of S commune amp; L edodes 72
Pattern of Pleurotus spp 74
5 Mating type genes 76
6 Transformation in mushrooms 77
7 Parasexual process in mushrooms 77
IX
Contents
» 8 Breeding of edible mushrooms 80
a The empirical approach 80
b Controlled genetic hybridization 81
c Use of genetic markers 82
Part ED General Principles of Production of Mushrooms and Mushroom Products
Chapter 4 Introduction 86
Chapter 5 Mushroom Science 97
A Definition 97
B Contributing fields 97
1 Microbiology 97
2 Fermentation 98
3 Environmental engineering 98
C Phases of Mushroom technology 99
1 Acceptable spawn 99
2 Selection of a fruiting culture 99
3 Development of spawn 99
4 Preparation of compost 100
5 Choice of proper spawn 101
6 Spawning 101
7 Spawn running 101
8 Mushroom development 101
9 Environmental engineering 102
10 Management and marketing 102
Chapter 6 Mushroom Biotechnology 103
A Definition 103
B Historical beginning 103
C Applications of biotechnology 104
1 Bioconversion of organic wastes into edible protein 104
2 Spent compost 105
a As fodder for livestock 105
b As soil conditioner and fertilizer 106
c In bioremediation 106
3 Medicinal components of mushrooms 107
a Nutraceuticals 108
b Nutriceuticals 108
c Pharmaceuticals 109
Contents
4 Scientific studies suggested by observed medicinal
properties 110
a Anti-tumor 110
b Anti-viral 114
c Hypocholesterolemic 114
d Antibiotic , 115
e Anti-inflammatory 115
f Tonic 117
Part IV Current Developments in Mushroom Biology
Chapter 7 Worldwide Trends Over the Past Decade 119
A Introduction - 119
B Availability of more species of edible mushrooms
in sizeable amounts 119
1 The Big Six mushrooms 119
2 The non Big-Six mushrooms 124
3 Total world production of mushrooms 124
a Pleurotus 129
b Auricularia 129
c Tremella 130
d Flammulina 130
C Development of medicinals 130
1 Introduction 130
2 Gcmoderma lucidum 130
3 Coriolus versicolor 131
4 Lentinula edodes 132
5 Other mushrooms 132
D Cultivation techniques 133
1 Introduction 133
2 Developments in Agaricus 134
a In Taiwan 134
b In Indonesia 134
c Composting 136
3 Cultivation of some specific mushrooms 136
a Morchella 136
b Dictyophora 137
c Hericium 138
d Efforts with mycorrhizal mushrooms 138
XI
Contents
» 4 Improvements in bag cultivation 139
5 Centralized production of compost and
marketing for small farms 140
E Acceptance in Western world of more species 141
F International Symposia 141
1 Establishment of concept of Mushroom Biology 141
a Recognition of nutritional and medicinal
value of mushrooms 141
Chapter 8 Current Activities 143
A Selected applications in Mushroom Biology 143
1 Gains in Pleurotus 143
2 Specialty mushrooms in the United States 143
3 Regulation of fruiting - ecological and
physiological studies 144
4 Improvement of mushroom strains 146
B Applications in Mushroom Science 146
1 Byconversion 147
2 Production 147
3 Upgrading of waste material utilization 148
C Applications in Mushroom Biotechnology 149
1 Medicinals 149
2 Commercial production of enzymes 150
D Additional Research Activities 151
1 Utilization of methods of Molecular Biology 151
a Taxonomic studies - distinguishing
species and strains 151
b Demonstration of genetic variation
in natural populations 152
c Demonstration of genomic variation
in germplasm collections 152
d Linkage studies 153
e Confirmation of crosses 153
f Patent labeling 154
g Breeding 154
2 Establishment of networks to advance the
mushroom industry 154
xn
Contents
E Looking to the Future 155
1 Mushroom Science 156
2 Mushroom Biotechnology 156
Part V Appendix 158
A Basic information of specific mushrooms 158
B 1994 figures on production of cultivated edible
mushrooms 162
C Protocol for obtaining Ganoderma quality products 164
References 166
Xl l l
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| spelling | Miles, Philip G. Verfasser aut Mushroom biology concise basics and current developments Philip G. Miles ; Shu-Ting Chang Singapore [u.a.] World Scientific Publ. 1997 XX, 194 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Champignons Champignons - Culture Mushroom culture Mushrooms Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd rswk-swf Pilze (DE-588)4046076-9 gnd rswk-swf Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 gnd rswk-swf Pilze (DE-588)4046076-9 s Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 s Biotechnologie (DE-588)4069491-4 s DE-604 Chang, Shu-ting Verfasser aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007795261&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Mushroom biology concise basics and current developments |
| title_auth | Mushroom biology concise basics and current developments |
| title_exact_search | Mushroom biology concise basics and current developments |
| title_full | Mushroom biology concise basics and current developments Philip G. Miles ; Shu-Ting Chang |
| title_fullStr | Mushroom biology concise basics and current developments Philip G. Miles ; Shu-Ting Chang |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mushroom biology concise basics and current developments Philip G. Miles ; Shu-Ting Chang |
| title_short | Mushroom biology |
| title_sort | mushroom biology concise basics and current developments |
| title_sub | concise basics and current developments |
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