Applied microbial physiology: a practial approach
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
IRL Press
1997
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Practical approach series
183 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 270 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0199635781 0199635773 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Applied microbial physiology |b a practial approach |c ed. by P. M. Rhodes ... |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Microbiological Techniques | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804126083565486080 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of contributors xvii
Abbreviations xix
1. Sources of microorganisms and their
preservation 1
David Smith
1. Introduction 1
Microorganism stability 1
Reasons for maintaining collections 2
Characterization of microorganisms 2
Data storage and retrieval 3
Guidelines for the establishment and operation of collections 3
2. Sources of microorganisms and microbial databases 4
Organizations 4
Databases 6
Microbial resource collections 7
3. Preservation and maintenance 8
Preservation techniques available 8
Adaptations to continuous growth used for preservation 9
Dehydration techniques 11
Cryopreservation 18
Summary 21
References 21
2. Isolation and growth of hyperthermophiles 23
Richard J. Sharp and Neil D. H. Raven
1. Introduction 23
2. The isolation of hyperthermophiles 23
Geothermal environments 23
Sampling geothermal environments 24
3. Media for the growth of hyperthermophiles 26
Liquid media 26
Preparation of solidified media 28
4. Growth and bioreactors for hyperthermophiles 31
Introduction 31
Continuous culture of Pyrococcus furiosus 32
Contents
Gas lift reactors 32
Biomass yields 35
5. Development of vessels for the study of barophilic
hyperthermophiles 41
6. Cryopreservation of hyperthermophiles 42
Introduction 42
7. Culture procedures for hyperthermophiles 45
References 50
3. Design and optimization of growth media 53
Randolph L. Greasham and Wayne K. Herber
1. Introduction 53
2. Medium design 53
Complex media 54
Chemically defined media 55
3. Nutritional requirements 57
Carbon source 57
Nitrogen source 59
Oxygen 60
Inorganic ions 60
Growth factors 61
4. Inducers 61
5. Non nutritional components 62
Selective agents 62
Solidifying agents 62
6. Environmental factors 62
7. Medium optimization 64
Full factorial search 65
Statistical search 65
Pattern search 69
Acknowledgement 72
References 73
4. Working with laboratory fermenters 75
Stephen Collins
1. Introduction 75
2. Laboratory requirements 76
3. Choice of vessel 76
Contents
4. Sterilization 78
5. Aeration and agitation 81
6. Aseptic connections 81
Septum ports 82
Line connections 82
Steam sterilizable connectors 83
7. Inoculation 83
8. Sampling 84
Syringe 84
Hoods 84
Sample valves 85
9. Media 86
Sterilization of large volumes 86
Microbial growth in media supply lines 86
Salt balance 87
10. Process measurement and control 87
pH 87
Dissolved oxygen tension 90
Temperature 92
Foam 93
Dissolved CO2 93
Redox 93
Vent gas analysis 94
Biomass 94
11. Continuous culture 94
Sterilization and the storage of media 94
Control and measurement of flow 95
Measurement and control of volume 95
Interruption of steady state 96
12. Computer data logging and control 96
Typical functions of fermentation software 97
Remote access 97
Alarms 97
What to monitor 98
What to control 98
Example: control of a fed batch process 98
References 101
Further Reading 101
5. Measurement of biomass 103
Andrew P. Ison and Gavin B. Matthew
1. Introduction 103
Contents
General remarks 103
What is biomass? 103
Specific and volumetric rates 104
Off line and on line measurement 104
2. Chemical methods 104
Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence 104
DNA analysis 107
Fluorescence 108
Near infrared spectroscopy 109
3. Microscopic methods 110
Direct count microscopy 110
Viable cell counts 111
Epifluorescence 113
Image analysis 113
4. Physical methods 114
Dry weight methods 114
Packed cell volume 117
Turbidimetry 118
Nephelometry 120
Electrical counting and sizing 120
Flow cytometry 121
Dielectric permittivity 121
Other techniques 125
5. Mathematical modelling methods 125
Mass balance analysis 125
Mass spectrometry 125
6. Conclusions 126
References 127
Further reading 128
General biomass measurement 128
Chemical methods 129
Microscopical methods 129
Physical methods 129
Mathematical methods 129
6. Fermenter vent gas analysis 131
Peter M. Salmon and Barry C. Buckland
1. Introduction 131
2. Methods for vent gas analysis 131
Thermal conductivity 131
Flame ionization 132
Gas chromatography 132
xii
Contents
Electrochemical sensors 133
Infrared (IR) absorbtion 134
Paramagnetism 136
Mass spectrometry 139
3. Installation and operation 145
Sample probes 145
Sample transport 146
Knock out pots, coolers, filters, dryers, and absorbers 147
Multistream sample manifolds 148
Pressure, temperature, and flow control 149
Monitoring an analyser system 150
Fermenter pressure, volume, air flow, and dissolved oxygen 151
Data collection 151
4. Calculated variables 152
Well mixed liquid and gas phases 152
Alternative mixing models 156
Estimation of aqueous concentrations of volatile organic compounds 157
The respiratory quotient 160
References 162
7. The analytical chemistry of microbial cultures 165
David M. Mousdale
1. Introduction 165
The analytical approach to microbial fermentations 165
General aspects of methodology 166
Sampling and sample monitoring 166
2. The utilization of inputs 166
Carbohydrates 166
Oils 170
Nitrogen sources 170
Phosphate and other inorganic anions 175
3. The accumulation of fermentation metabolites 178
Product and side products 178
Products of carbohydrate metabolism 178
Amino compounds 180
Ammonia 180
Peptides, proteins, and enzymes 181
Thiol compounds 183
Other common metabolites 184
Carbon dioxide 185
Pigments 185
4. The insoluble phase (biomass and pelletable material) 185
Biomass measurement in complex media 185
xiii
Contents
Biomass (pellet) composition 188
Biomass compositions and elemental analyses 189
5. Carbon and nitrogen mass balances 189
References 191
8. Analysis of microbial growth data 193
Michael]. Bazin, Ann P. Wood, and David Paget Brown
1. Introduction 193
Definitions 193
Kinetic functions 195
Culture systems 197
2. Parameter estimation 197
Estimation of Monod growth constants from steady state
chemostat data 198
The washout method 199
Growth yields 201
3. Simulation 202
Numerical solution of differential equations 204
Dynamic parameter estimation 205
4. Analytical methods 208
References 211
9. Metabolic flux analysis 213
William H. Holms
1. Introduction 213
Basic principles 213
Definitions and units 214
The central metabolic pathways (CMPs) 214
Components of the CMPs 216
2. Flux analysis of E. coli ML308 growing on glucose, pyruvate,
or fumarate as sole sources of carbon 219
The data 219
Construction of a flux or throughput diagram 222
3. Interpretation of flux analysis 231
Fluxes in CMPs must balance one another 231
What does acetate excretion tell us? 231
4. Intervention to modulate acetate excretion 232
Intervention by restriction of feedstock uptake 232
Intervention by enzyme inhibition 234
xiv
Contents
Intervention by deletion of acetate excretion mechanism 234
Intervention to improve position of precursors 234
Other means of diminishing acetate excretion 239
Conclusions 239
5. What controls flux? 239
Theories 239
Determination of flux—a statement of the obvious 241
6. Applications of flux analysis in the real world 245
7. Conclusions 246
General 246
E. coli ML308 246
Control of CMPs 246
References 247
Al. List of suppliers 249
A2. Addresses of culture collections, microbial
databases, and national and international culture
collection organizations 253
Index 263
XV
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| isbn | 0199635781 0199635773 |
| language | English |
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| publisher | IRL Press |
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| series | Practical approach series |
| series2 | Practical approach series |
| spelling | Applied microbial physiology a practial approach ed. by P. M. Rhodes ... Oxford [u.a.] IRL Press 1997 XX, 270 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Practical approach series 183 Culture Media Industrial microbiology Microbial biotechnology Microbial growth Microbiological Techniques Microbiology Cultures and culture media Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd rswk-swf Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd rswk-swf Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd rswk-swf Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 s Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 s Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 s DE-604 Rhodes, P. Malcolm Sonstige oth Practical approach series 183 (DE-604)BV007921321 183 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007782429&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Applied microbial physiology a practial approach Practical approach series Culture Media Industrial microbiology Microbial biotechnology Microbial growth Microbiological Techniques Microbiology Cultures and culture media Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4038971-6 (DE-588)4039226-0 (DE-588)4045981-0 |
| title | Applied microbial physiology a practial approach |
| title_auth | Applied microbial physiology a practial approach |
| title_exact_search | Applied microbial physiology a practial approach |
| title_full | Applied microbial physiology a practial approach ed. by P. M. Rhodes ... |
| title_fullStr | Applied microbial physiology a practial approach ed. by P. M. Rhodes ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Applied microbial physiology a practial approach ed. by P. M. Rhodes ... |
| title_short | Applied microbial physiology |
| title_sort | applied microbial physiology a practial approach |
| title_sub | a practial approach |
| topic | Culture Media Industrial microbiology Microbial biotechnology Microbial growth Microbiological Techniques Microbiology Cultures and culture media Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Culture Media Industrial microbiology Microbial biotechnology Microbial growth Microbiological Techniques Microbiology Cultures and culture media Methode Mikroorganismus Physiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007782429&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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