Worker rights and labor standards in Asia's four new tigers: a comparative perspective
Four of the world's most rapidly growing economies can be found in the Asian nations of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. As these countries become economic powers, questions arise regarding the fate of those whose labor drives this dynamic growth. How has the status of workers changed...
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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New York, NY [u.a.]
Plenum Press
1997
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Four of the world's most rapidly growing economies can be found in the Asian nations of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. As these countries become economic powers, questions arise regarding the fate of those whose labor drives this dynamic growth. How has the status of workers changed during this period of progress? Can the issue of labor standards be fairly addressed by governments long considered repressive Worker Rights and Labor Standards in Asia's Four New Tigers examines the difficult road traveled by human rights movements in these countries when trying to create free, independent labor organizations in the face of governmental interference. The book's in-depth look into this compelling phenomenon includes: why Indonesia's president Sukarno has failed to recognize the S.B.S.I., Asia's largest suppressed union; the contributing factors to Thailand's continuing inability to foster a healthy, sustainable labor movement; the problem encountered in China, as it moves from complete state control of production and distribution to a "free market economy with socialist characteristics"; and how the government of Malaysia, the richest per capita nation of the four, can persistently oppose the organization of workers in the electronics industry, the country's largest Unlike other volumes, whose treatment of the area is far less extensive, Worker Rights and Labor Standards in Asia's Four New Tigers illuminates the labor climate in these countries with depth and clarity, helping readers make educated comparisons. It will be a valued text of researchers, professionals, and students in the subject areas of international labor relations and Asian studies, as well as a helpful reference for scholars in the disciplines of sociology, economics, and political science |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 476 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0306454777 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Four of the world's most rapidly growing economies can be found in the Asian nations of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. As these countries become economic powers, questions arise regarding the fate of those whose labor drives this dynamic growth. How has the status of workers changed during this period of progress? Can the issue of labor standards be fairly addressed by governments long considered repressive | |
| 520 | |a Worker Rights and Labor Standards in Asia's Four New Tigers examines the difficult road traveled by human rights movements in these countries when trying to create free, independent labor organizations in the face of governmental interference. The book's in-depth look into this compelling phenomenon includes: why Indonesia's president Sukarno has failed to recognize the S.B.S.I., Asia's largest suppressed union; the contributing factors to Thailand's continuing inability to foster a healthy, sustainable labor movement; the problem encountered in China, as it moves from complete state control of production and distribution to a "free market economy with socialist characteristics"; and how the government of Malaysia, the richest per capita nation of the four, can persistently oppose the organization of workers in the electronics industry, the country's largest | ||
| 520 | |a Unlike other volumes, whose treatment of the area is far less extensive, Worker Rights and Labor Standards in Asia's Four New Tigers illuminates the labor climate in these countries with depth and clarity, helping readers make educated comparisons. It will be a valued text of researchers, professionals, and students in the subject areas of international labor relations and Asian studies, as well as a helpful reference for scholars in the disciplines of sociology, economics, and political science | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
PART I. PROLOGUE
Chapter 1. Introduction 3
China. Indonesia. Thailand. Malaysia.
PART II. CHINA
Chapter 2. The Political and Economic Background 19
After Tianenmen Square. Recent Historical Overview.
Structure of Government. Judiciary. The Status of
Independent Labor Unions—Control and Suppression. The
Five Conflict Periods. Economic Overview. The Structure of
Employment. Labor Reform Contract Employment. Wage
Reforms. Labor Force Surplus and Unemployment. Worker
Attitudes. Increasing Worker Discontent and Union
Impotence. Official Optimism. Economic and Political
Realities. Threats to Political Stability. Effects of
Bankruptcy.
Chapter 3. The Industrial Relations Scene: The Players, Problems,
and Prospects 41
The ACFTU. State Enterprises. Enterprise Management
Reform. Results of Reform. The Pace Slows Temporarily.
The Effects of Bankruptcy. Migrant Labor. Successful
Measures—Developing Towns and Cities. Township and
Village Enterprises. A Policy Solution. The Absence of
Collective Bargaining. Workers Congresses—Worker
Participation in Democratic Management. The Ministry of
Labor (MOL) and Personnel (MOP). Labor Mobility.
ix
Contents
Chapter 4. The ACFTU, Labor Law, and Labor Reform 59
The All China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU). The
Continuation of Party Control. The 1992 Trade Union
Act—Toward Freedom of Association? International
Reaction. The Revised 1993 Trade Union Law. The ICFTU
Complaint. Unions in Foreign Invested Enterprises (FIEs).
The New Labor Law. Wage Guidelines to Be Instituted.
Contractual Arrangements in Foreign Invested Enterprises.
Termination of Employment. Worker Rights. ACFTU
Objectives. ACFTU Accomplishments. Progress in Tianjin.
Unionization of Rural Workers. Nonrecognition and Party
Control. The ITF Position. Obstacles to Overcome.
Evaluation of Labor Reform. The ACFTU—Representation
or Rhetoric?
Chapter 5. The Law, Contracts, Strikes, and Dispute Settlement ... 77
The Collective Contract. Prelude to Collective Bargaining.
The Labor Contract System. Recent Status of Collective
Bargaining. Problems in Foreign Invested Enterprises: Few
Firms Have Unions; Lack of Official Support; ACFTU
Reluctance to Act, The Conflict between Law and
Regulations; Resignation; Termination; Union Involvement
in Terminations; Autonomy in Labor Matters; Recruiting
State Workers; Preference for Nationals. Provisions of the
New Labor Law. Strikes and Work Stoppages. Antistrike
Legislation—A Lack of Uniformity. Dispute Settlement
Mechanisms. A Short History of Labor Arbitration. Causes
of Industrial Unrest. Next U.S. China Dispute Area—Labor
Rights.
Chapter 6. Worker Rights Issues 95
Wages. The Wage System. Minimum Wages. Enforcement.
Late Payment and Fines. Wage Increases. Guidelines. The
Ninth Five Year Plan. Income Disparities. The Cadre
Survey. Hours of Work. Many Overtime Violations.
Temporary Workers. The Five Day Work Week. Working
Conditions. Industrial Accidents. Mine Safety. The
Shenzhen Situation. Safety and Health Measures.
Occupational Diseases. The Plight of Women Workers. The
Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence. Hours Violations.
Housing. Overt Discrimination against New Graduates.
Slow Track Promotion. Township and Village Enterprise
Opportunities. Retirement Bias. Assessment of Legal
Protection for Women. Child Labor. Age Discrimination.
Contents xi
Forced Labor. Unemployment. Unemployment Reduction
Plans. Unemployment Insurance. Social Security Reform.
Pension Developments. State Enterprise Pension Reform.
Health Insurance. Policy Cohesion. Freedom of Association.
The Shenzhen Unions. Unions in Joint Ventures. Future
Prospects.
PART III. INDONESIA
Chapter 7. A Political, Economic, and Demographic Overview 133
Basic Demographic Features. Historical Overview. The
Constitution. International Relations. The Sixth Term. The
Parliament. Local Government. The Judiciary. Political
Parties. Other Political Forces. Increased Political Control.
1994—A Year of Labor Turmoil. Discrimination Banned—
Or Is It? A Female Challenger. The Indonesian Economic
Landscape. The Berkeley Mafia. Worker Rights Issues.
Accomplishments and Future Plans. An Emerging Middle
Class? A Competitive Wage Advantage. Labor Force Trends
and Requirements. Near Term Outlook. Strikes and Worker
Rights.
Chapter 8. Unions, Employers, and Labor Market Developments ... 153
Background. Independent Union Status. The SBSI and Its
Suppression. The February 1 lth Strike. The Merger
Suggestion. Other Labor Organizations: PGRI; SPSI;
Seafarers Union (KPI). Workers Cooperative Movement
(INKOPKAR). Collective Bargaining Requirements.
Employers Organizations. Employers and the Minimum
Wage. Labor Force Trends. Unemployment. Significance of
Education. Women Workers. Underemployment. Informal
Sector. Employment of Expatriates. Labor Exportation. An
Assessment.
Chapter 9. The Legal Framework 181
Minimum Wages. Recent Wage Developments.
Enforcement. Exemption Requests. Employer Employee
Income Differentials. Fringe Benefits. Hours of Work.
Health and Safety. Termination of Employment. Child
Labor. Forced Labor. Retirement Programs. Social Security.
Freedom of Association Requirements. Regulatory Changes.
The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectivelv. The Ripht
xii Contents
to Strike and Dispute Settlement. Rights and Standards—
The Reality.
Chapter 10. Labor Disputes and International Pressures 197
Strikes and Their Aftermath—1991 94. The Medan Riots.
The Scene in 1995. An Early Warning—The IGGI
Complaint. The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP).
Indonesian GSP Participation. Indonesia and Past GSP
Reviews. Pressure from the ICFTU. The Arrest of Muchtar
Pakpahan. The European Union Letter. The ILO Complaint.
The Role of the Military—The Marsinah Case. Potential
Outcomes.
PARTIV. THAILAND
Chapter 11. The Institutional Background 219
The Government. The Constitution. The Evolution of
Executive Power. The Judiciary. Local Government.
Political Forces. The Military Influence. International
Relations and Defense. The Educational and Skill Crisis.
Bureaucratic Intervention. Expatriate Recruitment. An
Economic Overview. Labor Force Composition. Skill
Shortages. Income Inequality. Wages and Prices. Inflation.
The Role of the Government. Ethnicity and Religion. The
Industrial Relations Setting. The Ministry of Labor: The
Department of Employment Services; The Department of
Public Welfare; The Department of Skill Development; The
Department of Labor Protection and Welfare; The Office of
Social Security.The Social Security System. Labor and
Political Action. Two Scenarios: Power and Impotence. Thai
Overseas Workers. Foreign Workers in Thailand. Analysis.
Chapter 12. The Labor Law Framework 241
Labor Law and Practice. Specific Legislative Coverage.
SELRA Amendments. Strikes and Lockouts. Employment
Contracts. Unions and Associations. Tripartite Dispute
Settlement. Termination of Employment. Part Time and
Temporary Help. Wages, Salaries, and Fringe Benefits.
Hours of Work. Shifts. Health and Safety. Female and Child
Labor. The Provident Fund. Social Security Controversy.
Recent Amendments. A Final Caveat.
xiv Contents
PART V. MALAYSIA
Chapter 16. Political Events, Economic Facts, and Demographic
Variables 325
The Political Structure. The Legislature. The Judiciary.
Recent History. The Constitution. The Right of Association.
Political Forces. Succession Speculation. Money Politics.
Unions and Politics. Government Labor Relations. A
Demagogic Appeal. The Economic Picture. An Economic
Success Model. The Labor Force and Employment. Labor
Shortages. Women in the Workforce. Foreign Workers.
Demographic Variables. Ethnic Problems—The NEP and
NDP Solutions. Changes in Employment Structure.
Continuing Ethnic Frictions. A Prognosis.
Chapter 17. The Law and the Reality 341
The Statutory Framework. The Right of Association. The
DGTU s Authority. Organizational Restrictions. Significant
Amendments. The Right to Organize and Bargain
Collectively. Free Trade Zone Coverage. The Electronics
Industry Situation. Dispute Settlement. The Industrial Court
Proceedings. Strike Procedures. Wages and Wage Councils.
Bonuses. Hours of Work. Fringe Benefits. The MEF Survey.
Occupational Safety and Health. Forced Labor. Child Labor.
Social Security. The Employee Provident Fund. Government
Pension Program. Mandatory Retirement. Dismissal and
Termination. The MEF Position. Labor Law Review
Request. Conclusions.
Chapter 18. Labor Relations: Structure, Process, and Practice 365
Union Structure and Membership. Declining Membership.
The Three Federations. Union Rivalry. Government
Regulation. An MTUC About Face. Need for Tripartism.
An In House Union Chronology. Collective Bargaining. The
Industrial Master Plan. The Banking Agreement. Collective
Bargaining Arguments. Dispute Settlement. A Positive
Scenario. An Evaluation of Events.
Chapter 19. Unresolved Issues 381
Unions in Electronics. The History of Labor Relations. The
Harris and Hitachi Cases. Claims and Counterclaims. An
International Comparison. Flexiwages. Union Opposition.
The MEF Proposals. The Breakthrough in Mining. The End
of an Idea. The Lim Proposal. Continued Discord. The EPU
Contents xv
Proposal. The New Remuneration System. Costs,
Anomalies, and Union Protests. Impact on Grievance
Machinery. Necessity for Review. The Plight of the
Plantation Workers. The Guest Worker Program.
Definitional Exclusion. Wage Levels. Contract Labor.
Foreign Workers. An Evaluation.
Chapter 20. Malaysia and the World Scene 401
The GSP Program. Chronology of the GSP Petitions. The
Trade Labor Rights Linkage. The MTUC Position. A Split
in Labor Ranks. The MEF Stance. The Social Clause.
ILO Assistance. The MTUC and the Social Clause. ASEAN
Objections. Malaysia and Minimum Labor Standards.
Closing Comments.
Epilogue: Findings and Reflections 411
References 437
Index 455
Contents xiii
Chapter 13. Labor Management Relations 255
The Effects of Negotiation of the 1991 Legislation. The
1994 Draft Legislation. Strikes. The Impact of the Labor
Court. The State Enterprise Labor Relations Committee.
Union Structure and Membership. Firm Size. Wildcat
Strikes and Selective Lockouts. Allegations of Employer
Wrongdoing. The Consequences of Mechanization—The
Thai Kriang Strike. Organizing and Bargaining Rights.
Union Leadership Problems. Subcontracting. Temporary
Employment. Conclusions.
Chapter 14. Worker Rights Issues 269
The Minimum Wage, 1995. National Wage Committee
Hearing. The Employer Proposal. Opinion of Labor Experts.
The Labor Position. A Reevaluation. Other Wage Pressures.
Joint Venture Labor Problems. The State Enterprise
Employee Controversy. Repercussions. Workplace Safety
and Health. The Kader Fire. High Accident Rates.
Occupational Health Problems. The Investigation. The
Government s Retaliatory Response. Positive Consequences.
The Workmen s Compensation Act of 1994. Efforts,
Problems, and Prospects. Child Labor—An Overview.
Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor. A Complex
Issue. Child Prostitution. AIDS and Children. Remedial
Efforts. Women in the Labor Force. Female Labor
Problems. Cultural and Social Attitudes. Women in
Manufacturing Employment. Legislative Protection. Positive
Legal Developments. The Prostitution Problem. Union
Impotence. Privatization. The 1990 Port Strikes. Mixed
Results. The Challenge of Privatization.
Chapter 15. International Developments 299
Minimum International Labor Standards. ILO Conventions.
The Role of the United States. Arguments Pro and Con.
Child and Forced Labor in Thailand. Positive Measures. The
ICFTU Sanctions. U.S. Trade Threats. Worker Safety and
the SELRA. The SELRA Amendments. Linkage of Worker
Rights with International Trade. The ASEAN Position. The
ILO Report—A Welcome Surprise. The Applicability of
GSP to Thailand. Thai Overseas Workers. A Chronology of
Foreign Experience—The Middle East. Corruption
Problems. Problems in Japan. The Situation in Taiwan. The
Brunei Situation. Singapore. Hong Kong. Illegal Aliens.
|
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| geographic | Asien Thailand (DE-588)4078228-1 gnd Indonesien (DE-588)4026761-1 gnd Malaysia (DE-588)4037203-0 gnd China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd Südostasien (DE-588)4058448-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Asien Thailand Indonesien Malaysia China Südostasien |
| id | DE-604.BV011529476 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T18:11:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0306454777 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007759368 |
| oclc_num | 36387556 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-12 |
| physical | XV, 476 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1997 |
| publishDateSearch | 1997 |
| publishDateSort | 1997 |
| publisher | Plenum Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Levine, Marvin J. Verfasser aut Worker rights and labor standards in Asia's four new tigers a comparative perspective Marvin J. Levine New York, NY [u.a.] Plenum Press 1997 XV, 476 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Four of the world's most rapidly growing economies can be found in the Asian nations of China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. As these countries become economic powers, questions arise regarding the fate of those whose labor drives this dynamic growth. How has the status of workers changed during this period of progress? Can the issue of labor standards be fairly addressed by governments long considered repressive Worker Rights and Labor Standards in Asia's Four New Tigers examines the difficult road traveled by human rights movements in these countries when trying to create free, independent labor organizations in the face of governmental interference. The book's in-depth look into this compelling phenomenon includes: why Indonesia's president Sukarno has failed to recognize the S.B.S.I., Asia's largest suppressed union; the contributing factors to Thailand's continuing inability to foster a healthy, sustainable labor movement; the problem encountered in China, as it moves from complete state control of production and distribution to a "free market economy with socialist characteristics"; and how the government of Malaysia, the richest per capita nation of the four, can persistently oppose the organization of workers in the electronics industry, the country's largest Unlike other volumes, whose treatment of the area is far less extensive, Worker Rights and Labor Standards in Asia's Four New Tigers illuminates the labor climate in these countries with depth and clarity, helping readers make educated comparisons. It will be a valued text of researchers, professionals, and students in the subject areas of international labor relations and Asian studies, as well as a helpful reference for scholars in the disciplines of sociology, economics, and political science Arbeidsverhoudingen gtt Droit du travail - Asie ram Personnel - Droits - Asie Personnel - Droits - Asie ram Relations industrielles - Asie Relations industrielles - Asie ram Relations industrielles comparées Travail - Droit - Asie Comparative industrial relations Employee rights Asia Industrial relations Asia Labor laws and legislation Asia Arbeitsrecht (DE-588)4002769-7 gnd rswk-swf Arbeitsbeziehungen (DE-588)4002617-6 gnd rswk-swf Asien Thailand (DE-588)4078228-1 gnd rswk-swf Indonesien (DE-588)4026761-1 gnd rswk-swf Malaysia (DE-588)4037203-0 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf Südostasien (DE-588)4058448-3 gnd rswk-swf Südostasien (DE-588)4058448-3 g Arbeitsbeziehungen (DE-588)4002617-6 s DE-604 China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Arbeitsrecht (DE-588)4002769-7 s Thailand (DE-588)4078228-1 g Malaysia (DE-588)4037203-0 g Indonesien (DE-588)4026761-1 g Hagburg, Eugene C. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007759368&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Levine, Marvin J. Hagburg, Eugene C. Worker rights and labor standards in Asia's four new tigers a comparative perspective Arbeidsverhoudingen gtt Droit du travail - Asie ram Personnel - Droits - Asie Personnel - Droits - Asie ram Relations industrielles - Asie Relations industrielles - Asie ram Relations industrielles comparées Travail - Droit - Asie Comparative industrial relations Employee rights Asia Industrial relations Asia Labor laws and legislation Asia Arbeitsrecht (DE-588)4002769-7 gnd Arbeitsbeziehungen (DE-588)4002617-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002769-7 (DE-588)4002617-6 (DE-588)4078228-1 (DE-588)4026761-1 (DE-588)4037203-0 (DE-588)4009937-4 (DE-588)4058448-3 |
| title | Worker rights and labor standards in Asia's four new tigers a comparative perspective |
| title_auth | Worker rights and labor standards in Asia's four new tigers a comparative perspective |
| title_exact_search | Worker rights and labor standards in Asia's four new tigers a comparative perspective |
| title_full | Worker rights and labor standards in Asia's four new tigers a comparative perspective Marvin J. Levine |
| title_fullStr | Worker rights and labor standards in Asia's four new tigers a comparative perspective Marvin J. Levine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Worker rights and labor standards in Asia's four new tigers a comparative perspective Marvin J. Levine |
| title_short | Worker rights and labor standards in Asia's four new tigers |
| title_sort | worker rights and labor standards in asia s four new tigers a comparative perspective |
| title_sub | a comparative perspective |
| topic | Arbeidsverhoudingen gtt Droit du travail - Asie ram Personnel - Droits - Asie Personnel - Droits - Asie ram Relations industrielles - Asie Relations industrielles - Asie ram Relations industrielles comparées Travail - Droit - Asie Comparative industrial relations Employee rights Asia Industrial relations Asia Labor laws and legislation Asia Arbeitsrecht (DE-588)4002769-7 gnd Arbeitsbeziehungen (DE-588)4002617-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Arbeidsverhoudingen Droit du travail - Asie Personnel - Droits - Asie Relations industrielles - Asie Relations industrielles comparées Travail - Droit - Asie Comparative industrial relations Employee rights Asia Industrial relations Asia Labor laws and legislation Asia Arbeitsrecht Arbeitsbeziehungen Asien Thailand Indonesien Malaysia China Südostasien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007759368&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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